Name: ________________________
KS3 Inheritance
Mark Scheme Class: ________________________
Date: ________________________
Time: 24 minutes
Marks: 33 marks
Comments:
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Mark schemes
(a) any one from
1.
• less cellulose is needed or fewer cell walls produced or
less glucose changed to cellulose
accept ‘less stalk is made’
• less glucose or energy needed or used for growth
accept ‘less glucose used in respiration’
‘less starch is used for growth’ is insufficient
accept ‘it does not have to grow as much’
• more glucose is available to be changed into starch
accept ‘more glucose goes to the grain’
do not accept ‘the glucose gets to the grain quicker’
accept ‘blown over less easily or less frequently’
1 (L7)
(b) (i) any two from
• cross plants with short stalks and low grain mass with
plants with long stalks and high grain mass
accept ‘breed from varieties A and B’
‘mix varieties A and B’ is insufficient
• collect or plant the seeds
• choose offspring with shortest stalks and which produce
a high mass of grain
accept ‘choose the best’
2 (L7)
• repeat with offspring or continue the whole process
a three mark answer must include two of the first three marking
points and a reference to repeating or continuing the process
1 (L7)
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(ii) any one from
• disease resistance
• pest resistance
‘increased amount of grain’
or ‘number of ears of corn’ are insufficient
‘more stalks’ is insufficient
accept ‘corn’ for ‘wheat’
• drought tolerance
• frost resistance
• resistance to herbicides or weed killers
• resistance to wind
accept ‘strong stalk’ or ‘long roots’
accept ‘hardy’
accept ‘big or long leaves or lots of leaves’
accept ‘faster growing’
1 (L7)
[5]
(a) (i) • genes or DNA or chromosomes
2. 1 (L7)
• in gametes or sex cells or eggs or sperm
accept ‘at fertilisation
‘in the nucleus’ is insufficient
1
(ii) • they have genes or DNA or chromosomes from both parents
accept ‘they have genetic information from both parents’
accept ‘from eggs and sperm’
1 (L7)
(b) • they have the same genetic information or the genes or DNA or
chromosomes
accept ‘they are from the same egg and same sperm’
accept ‘the fertilised egg or zygote split in two’
accept ‘they are from the same fertilised egg
‘from the same egg’ or ‘from the same sperm’ is insufficient
accept references to the egg dividing if the answer makes
clear that this is after
fertilisation eg ‘the egg divides after it has joined with a sperm
‘the egg divides in the uterus’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
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(c) any one from
• eye colour is inherited or controlled by genes
• eye colour is not affected by environmental factors
1 (L7)
any one from
• weight and skin colour are affected by environmental factors
• weight is affected by diet or exercise and skin colour by the Sun
accept ‘weight and skin colour are not just controlled by genes’
answer must refer to both weight and skin colour
‘weight and skin colour are3 not controlled by genes’ is insufficient
1
[6]
(a) (i) Katie
3. Becca
both answers are required for the mark
if more than two boxes are ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from
• their mother or Pam has freckles
• their father or David has freckles
• their parents have freckles
• their grandmother or Mary has freckles
• only family B has freckles
accept ‘Rachel and Bill do not have freckles’
accept ‘a grandparent has freckles’
accept ‘their family or the family on the right has freckles’
accept ‘freckles run in the family’
accept ‘family A does not have freckles’
1 (L4)
(iii) his parents or Bob and Emily do not have freckles
accept ‘his family does not have freckles’
accept ‘his grandparents do not have freckles’
accept ‘he is not in family B’ if the answer for (ii) is
‘only family B has freckles’
1 (L4)
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(b) (i) egg cell
sperm cell
both answers are required for the mark
if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct
one mark for each incorrect tick
minimum mark zero
1 (L4)
(ii) reproductive system
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
[5]
(a) feature: strong muscles
4.
accept ‘muscles’
1 (L3)
reason: to pull a sledge or to carry a load
1 (L3)
feature: thick fur
accept ‘fur’
1 (L3)
reason: to keep them warm or to trap air
accept ‘to insulate them’
do not accept ‘to keep the cold out’
features may be in either order
each reason must correspond to the correct feature
1 (L3)
(b) (i) variation.
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
(ii) information passed from the mother in an egg.
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)
[6]
(a) any one from
5.
• in the eggs and sperm
accept ‘gametes’ or ‘sex cells’
• on chromosomes
accept ‘DNA’
accept ‘at fertilisation’
answers must refer to both eggs and sperm
‘by sexual reproduction’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
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(b) any three from
• choose zebras which look most like quaggas
• breed from them or cross them
• choose the most quagga- like offspring
• breed from the offspring
• repeat the process
accept for two marks ‘mate the zebras with most quagga genes’
3 (L7)
[4]
(a) (i) oviduct or fallopian tube
6. 1 (L7)
(ii) cilia move in a wave or from side to side
accept ‘they waft or carry it along’
accept ‘the hairs move it along’
accept ‘the hairs or cilia waft or move’
‘the hairs’ or ‘the cilia’ are insufficient
1 (L7)
(b) (i) embryo: stage 3
accept ‘3’
foetus: stage 4
accept ‘4’
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L7)
(ii) uterus
accept ‘womb’
1 (L6)
(c) (i) any two from
• a reference to genes or genetic material or DNA
or chromosomes
accept for one mark ‘to be the same as someone
else you need exactly the same genes’
• it has a different combination (of genes)
• it is made from an egg and sperm
accept for two marks ‘it only has half the DNA
or chromosomes from each parent’
• (it gets genetic information) from both parents
2 (L7)
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(ii)
inherited and affected
human
inherited only by environmental
characteristic
conditions
eye colour
skin colour
weight
all three ticks are required for the mark
if there is more than one tick in any row, award no mark
1 (L7)
[7]
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