Edexcel

IGCSE
BIOLOGY
Reproduction and Inheritance
Inheritance

Time allowed
43 minutes

MARK SCHEME

Score Percentage

/36 %
4.1 | CELL BIOLOGY | QUESTION PAPER 1 1
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

1 (a) 1. (section of) DNA; Ignore codes 2

2.. (co s) for a protein / polypeptide; for
characteristic

(b) (i) guanine; Allow 1

phonetic
spelling eg
gwanine = 1

(ii) 420; 1

(c) (i) 1

Chicken Genotype

parent with all black

feathers CBCB / BB
parent with all white
feathers CWCW / WW
offspring with a mixture
of black and white CBCW / BW;
feathers

(ii) 0.5 / ½ / 50% / 2 in 4 / eq; 1

Total 6
Marks
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2(a) TT and tt; accept symbols 1
other that T or t
T and t; eg P and p 1

Tt; parent mark can 1

only be awarded if
correct Punnett square = 3 dominant and
recessive letters
are the same eg
TT and tt or AA
and aa

TT and DD = 0

allow transfer
error (TE) for
gametes and
offspring

if parent genotype
wrong allow TE
for gametes and
offspring
(b) (i) stop cross-pollination / stop max 2
cross-pollination described /
pollen from one plant getting to
different plant / eq;

Mendel did it himself / manual

pollination / use brush / pollen
from plant to (stigma) of plant
/ self-pollination described /
eq;
allow isolation
isolate plants (in greenhouse) / idea if applied to
keep plants apart / cover plant group of plants
/ keep insects/wind away;
eq;
(ii) TT, Tt (Tt) and tt; reject 1
combinations of
accept symbols other that T or different letters
t eg P and p eg T and D or T
and d or T and S
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (c) T / always expressed / reject dominates 1
expressed in heterozygote / over recessive
expressed in homozygote and
heterozygote / always shown in
phenotype / eq;
(d) both / two alleles / equal / eq; reject weaker and max 2
reject if reference to genes stronger
ignore dominant
expressed / contribute / shown and recessive
/ eq;

in heterozygote / phenotype /
characteristic;

example described /
intermediate phenotype
described / eq;
TOTAL 9 MARKS
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) (i) 1. homozygous recessive = 11 / eleven;

2. homozygous dominant = 0 / zero /

none; 2

(ii) (½ x ½ x ½) = 0.125 / 12.5% / 1/8; 1

(b) 1. (less) supply of glucose / oxygen; 1. ignore supply energy

2. (less) aerobic respiration; Allow idea that before blockage

blood supplies oxygen for
3. (more) anaerobic respiration; aerobic respiration for Mp1 and
Mp2
4. less energy / ATP;

5. lactic acid / low(er) pH;

6. enzymes denature;
7. Ignore fatigue
7. (muscle) cells die / cannot contract; Max 5
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) same alleles / DD / dd / both dominant / both recessive / ignore only one allele
only one type of allele / eq; present 1
allow other letters eg
AA or aa.
reject genes
(ii) DD;
Dd; 2

(b) (i) mother DD and father dd; 2

Dd and Dd;
(ii) zero / 0(%) / no chance / 0 out of 2 / eq; Allow any ratio 1
0:whatever

(c) (i) 22 800 000 / 22.8 million; allow one mark for 12
or 0.12 in working 2

(ii) not enough people tested / small sample / only 24 tested / ignore anomalous 1
chance / probability / eq; ignore human error

Total 9
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) both characteristics expressed / both alleles are expressed / reject genes 1
influence the phenotype (of the heterozygote) / both shown in ignore same dominance
phenotype / eq; ignore neither dominates
(b) Parents IA IO IB IO; allow if I not shown
allow all marks if shown 3
as Punnett square
Gametes IA IO IB IO;
transfer error ONLY for
Offspring IAIO IBIO IAIB IOIO; gametes mark
Total
o 4
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