- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
1 5 ecf for subsequent
parental phenotypes
rows
unaffected / sickle trait / (sickle)
carrier / AW x unaffected /
sickle trait / (sickle) carrier ;
l aA t n eS r a p A S
Hb Hb x Hb Hb ;
s ep y t oneg
A S A S
Hb
s e, tHb
ema g + Hb , Hb ;
gn i Ar psAf f o A S A S S S
Hb Hb Hb Hb (Hb Hb ) Hb Hb ;
s ep y t oneg
y0.25
t i l/ i25%
babo r/p¼ ;
A a
2 X X ;; 2 MP1 correct sex
chromosomes
MP2 correct alleles
3 only males, are colour-blind / 1
colour-blindness is more
common in males / no females
are colour-blind / person 1 and
2 had two male colour-blind
children (but no female
colour-blind children) ;
4 idea of maintenance of the same 1
number of chromosomes (from
generation to generation) / so
(diploid) number of
chromosomes does not double
at fertilisation (described) ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
5 parents of 5 and 7 / parents of 2
people with cystic fibrosis / 2
and 3, do not have cystic fibrosis
;
parents / 2 and 3 must be,
heterozygous / carriers (of the
mutant
allele) ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
6 5 MP1 and MP2 parents
may be either way
1 correct parental genotype aa
round but following
;
rows must match
2 correct parental genotype Aa
;
3 correct gametes from the ecf from MP1 and MP2
parental genotypes ; ecf from MP3
4 correct offspring genotypes
ecf from MP4
from their gametes / parental
genotypes (in any order) ; expected answer
5 correct offspring phenotypes
and correct probability ; man
parent who
7 is
hee
trozygous
parental
aa x Aa
genotypes
gametes a a A a
offspring Aa aa
genotypes (Aa) (aa)
without with
offspring
cystic cystic
phenoytpes
fibrosis fibrosis
50% / 1 in 2 /
probabilty
0.5
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
7 1 correct genotype for person 3, 5
A a
i.e. (X) (X) ;
2 correct genotype for person 4,
A MP3 ecf from MP1 and
i.e. X Y ;
MP2
3 correct gametes from the
MP4 ecf from MP3
parental genotypes ;
4 correct offspring genotypes MP5 ecf from their
from their gametes / parental offspring genotype
genotypes (in any order) ;
5 correct offspring correct
probability ; expected answer:
(person 3) (person 4)
epyAtoneag x A
X X X Y
A a A
sXe t,emaXg + X ,Y
gni rApsf Afo A a A a
X X , X X , X Y, X Y
sepytoneg
offspring phenotypes
female with normal
colour vision
female with normal
colour vision
male with normal
colour vision
male with colour
blindness)
yt0.25
i l ibaborp/ 25% / 1 in 4 / ¼
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
8 mRNA / a copy of the, gene or 2
A;
moves out of, the nucleus (to the
cytoplasm) ;
9 the sequence of bases in, 1
mRNA / DNA / gene ;
10 A gene / allele ; 2
C ribosome ;
11 any three from: 3
molecule A / mRNA, is a copy
of the gene (for insulin) ;
transfers instructions from, DNA
/ nucleus, to, cytoplasm /
ribosome / B ;
passes through B ;
sequence of bases determines
the order of amino acids ;
12 0.003 (mm) ;; 2 MP1 correct reading
from graph i.e. 3 (µm)
MP2 correct
conversion, ecf from
wrong readings in
MP1
13 both / two, alleles are expressed 2
in, heterozygote / phenotype /
AW ;
A B
ref. to, blood group AB / I I ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
14 A O 4 one mark for four
I I
correct gametes in
B A B B O
I I I I I Punnett square
O A O O O
one mark for four
I I I I I correct offspring
;; genotypes in Punnett
square
phenotypes of the children: AB,
B, A, O ;
probability blood group O: 0.25
/ 25% / 1 in 4 ;
15 1 store of, genetic information / 2
genetic make-up / genes / AW
;
2 DNA / genes / alleles / genetic
information / base sequence,
codes for / makes, (named)
proteins ;
3 sequence of bases in DNA
codes for sequence of, amino
acids ;
4 transfer of information to
daughter cells (during mitosis)
;
5 DNA copied as mRNA ;
6 AVP ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
16 any one from: 1
so that diploid number restored
(after fertilisation) / AW ;
to enable sexual reproduction
;
(so that the offspring) are
genetically different / to allow
variation ;
17 any two from: 2
individual people have, different
/ unique, DNA ;
DNA has genes OR alleles
have, sequences of bases ;
AVP ;
18 Tt ; 3
tt ;
TT / Tt ;
19 0.25 / 25% / ¼; 1
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
20 1 correct use of X and Y in 3
responses for individual 5 and
individual 8 ;
2 correct X allele given for
b
individual 5: X Y / b ;
3 correct X allele given for
B
individual 8: X Y / B
21 two of the same letter both lower 1
case ;
[Total: 50]
