- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
1(a) any two from: 2
both alleles are, expressed /
neither allele is, dominant /
recessive to the other ;
the phenotype (of heterozygote
is), intermediate / new / different
/ AW ;
presence of multiple alleles, for
one trait ;
1(b) gametes: 4
R W R W
C ,C +C ,C ;
offspring genotypes:
R R R W R W W W
C C ,C C ,C C ,C C ;
offspring phenotypes:
red, pink, white ;
ratio:
1 (red) : 2 (pink) : 1 (white) ;
1(c) (parent phenotypes must be) red 2
and white ;
R
offspring must, inherit a C and
W
a C allele / be
heterozygous ;
H h
2 (P) X X ; 3
h
(Q) X Y ;
H
(R) X Y ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
3 0.25 / 25% / 1 in 4 / ¼ ; 1
4 solid shaded square on the 1
diagram ;
5 any two from: 2
one X chromosome from each
parent / an X from father ;
mother does not have any
colour-blind alleles / father
passes on one colourblind allele
;
(all female offspring are)
B b
heterozygous / X X ;
6 the allele for dwarfism is, 2
recessive / t ;
both parents are heterozygous
(so do not express the allele) ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
7 full marks maybe possible from 4 AO2
a fully annotated genetic
diagram
females are XX, males are
XY;
female gametes are X, male
gametes are X or Y;
ref to random fusion of gametes/
shown in a Punnett square or
alternative;
1:1/ 50:50/ described, shown/
stated;
8 4
number of
genotype of
individual in
individual
the diagram
1 bb ;
2 Bb ;
4 Bb ;
14 bb ;
9 homozygous circled ; 2
dominant circled ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
10 (male and female gametes) A 3 ecf from the step
and a ; before
(offspring) AA, Aa, Aa and aa
;
(phenotypic ratio) 3 (white) : 1
(black) ;
11 five / 5 ; 1
12 black (fur / coat) ; 1
13 genotypes: Tt and tt ; 2
genotype ratio: 1 : 1 ;
14 3
individual genotype
1 Tt ;
3 Tt ;
4 Tt ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
15 gene is located on, a sex 2
chromosome / X or Y / X / Y ;
characteristic is more common
in, males / one sex (than the
other) ;
b
16 X Y; 1
17 gametes b , b B ,b ; 4
offspring genotypes b Bb Bb
bb ;
offspring phenotypes brown
phenotype must match
black black brown ;
genotype
ratio 1:1 ;
18 1: aa ; 4 A if recessive allele is
given first (e.g. aA)
2: Aa ;
3: aa ;
9: Aa ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
19 mutation: a change / error ; 6
in a, gene / chromosome / DNA
;
heterozygous: having, two
A not pure breeding
different alleles / a dominant
ignore symbols alone
allele and a recessive allele ;
e.g. Hh
of a particular gene ;
recessive allele: alternative form
ignore symbols alone
of a gene ;
only expressed, in absence of
the dominant (allele) / if
homozygous ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
20 4
example used
genetic term
in the passage
an allele N S A N / S, R NS and N ×
Hb / Hb ;
S
a
N S
heterozygous Hb Hb ; A NS
genotype
a A SS
S S
homozygous Hb Hb ;
genotype
fatigue / A the disease
extreme pain /
sickle cell
phenotype
anaemia
/ mild
symptoms;
21(a) have 2 alleles which are, the 1 AO1
same/ identical/ homozygous;
21(b)(i) (two or more) alternative/ 1 AO1
different forms of a gene/ AW;
21(b)(ii) long is dominant/ expresses 2 AO2
itself in heterozygote AW;
short is recessive/ hidden in
heterozygote AW;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
21(c)(i) 5; 1 AO2
21(c)(ii) 3:1; 1 AO2
21(d) Aa; 4 AO2 allow ecf if mistake is
made, but each line
must correspond to the
A and a x A and a; (either previous one
order)
AA Aa Aa aa; (any order as
long as correct re "lines")
long long long short; (order
must match genotypes)
21(e) Aa/ hetrozygote; 1 AO2
22(a)(i) (two or more) alternative/ 1 AO1 I - (different) type/
different forms of a gene/ AW copy/ sort/ kind
;
22(a)(ii) Bb x Bb ; 5 AO2 allow ecf if mistake is
made, but each line
B and b x B and b ;
must correspond to the
BB + Bb + Bb + bb (any order previous one at each
as long as correct re "lines") ; stage
black + black + black + white (or
different order to match
genotypes) ;
3 black : 1 white ;
- Mark Scheme /
Question Answer Marks AO Element Notes Guidance
[Total: 75]
