Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1a(i) answers must be in this order. (2)
dominant
HH
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1a(ii) (2)
H h 1 mark for correct gametes
H HH Hh 1 mark for correct offspring
h Hh hh
If incorrect gametes allow 1 mark
for correct Punnett square based
on selected gametes
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1a(iii) accept error carried forward from (1)
their Punnett square
75% / ¾ / 0.75 accept: 3 : 1
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1b(i) An explanation linking two of the (2)
following:
Huntington’s disease is caused by
a dominant allele / CF is caused
by a recessive allele (1)
only one allele for Huntington’s Ignore refs to gene for allele
disease needs to be inherited to against this marking point
have the disease / would have
the disease if heterozygous (or
homozygous dominant)(1)
two alleles (recessive) need to be Ignore refs to gene for allele
inherited to have CF / be against this marking point
homozygous recessive for CF (1)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
b(ii) A mucus (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
b(iii) An explanation linking two of the (2)
following:
(thick / sticky / more) mucus (1) Reject: mucus in
lungs/intestine
builds up in the tubes (of the
reproductive system) (1) accept sperm duct / vas deferens
(the mucus) blocks the flow of
sperm (1)
Total for question = 10 marks
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
2(a)(i)
XX ignore any superscript or
subscript letters/symbols
(1)
reject XY
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
2(a)(ii) An explanation linking two of the ignore gene throughout
following
they did not inherit the accept have the dominant/normal
(haemophilia) allele (1) allele
(allele is) located on X accept disorder is located on the
chromosome (1) X chromosome
males receive X chromosome
from their mother/Y chromosome
from father (1)
B is homozygous dominant/ ignore mother is unaffected
neither X chromosome from B accept mother neither affected
has the allele for haemophilia (1) nor a carrier
accept mother for B and father (2)
for A
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
2(a)(iii)
XH Y
H
X XHXH XHY
Xh XHXh XhY
a Punnett square showing the reject if allele shown on Y
gametes of individuals C and D chromosome
(1)
a Punnett square showing the
genotypes of the offspring (1)
50% of males have haemophilia
25% / 0.25 / 1 in 4 probability of
a child having haemophilia (1)
Punnett square must be
interpreted correctly (3)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
2(b)
An explanation linking the
following
ignore sterile
aseptic conditions (1)
prevent growth of unwanted
organisms/prevent contamination
(1)
OR
temperature /pH (1) provide optimal conditions for
enzymes/prevent micro-
provide optimal conditions for organisms being killed
growth /prevent enzymes
denaturing (1)
OR
nutrient levels (1)
provide optimal conditions for
growth (1)
OR
aeration/oxygen (1)
for aerobic respiration/ provide
optimal conditions for growth /
prevent anaerobic respiration
(1) (2)
(Total for question 2 = 8 marks)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3a(i) homozygous recessive Accept in any order:
homozygous
recessive (alleles) (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3(a)(ii)
female gametes
e e
male E Ee Ee
gametes
e ee ee
correct gametes in male/female
gametes headings (1)
correct offspring genotypes (1)
(2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3a(iii) Any one of the following
Accept if 2 correct answers are
• 1/2 given e.g. ½, 50%
• 0.50 evens chance
• 2/4
• 50 %
• 1:1 / 2:2
(1)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
A 0%
3(a)(iv) (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3(b) A description including the Accept three symptoms
following points described (3)
Ignore: references to symptoms
• reference to mucus (1) of sickle cell
• location described e.g.
lungs / pancreas / Accept – airways for lungs
reproductive system (1)
• consequence described
e.g. breathing difficulty / Accept fertility problems for
infection / weight loss due infertility
to blocking of enzymes /
difficulty with digestion or
absorption / infertility (1)
Symptoms may include
diabetes (1)
malnutrition (1)
incontinence in females (1)
sinusitis (1)
nasal polyps (1)
arthritis (1) (3)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(a)(i) D
(1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(a)(ii) substitution (1) e.c.f from 3(a)(i)
27 ÷ 40
evaluation (1)
0.675 x 100
67.5 (%) accept 68(%) for 2 marks
give full marks for correct
answer, no working (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(b)(i)
Female
gametes
b b
B Bb Bb
Male b bb bb
gametes
gametes in male/female gametes
headings (1)
offspring genotypes (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(b)(ii) 0.5 / 50% / 50/50 / ½ / 2/4 / evens
2:2 /even chance
(1)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(b)(iii) homozygous Accept any reasonable spelling of
the term
recessive Reject heterozygous
homozygous recessive (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4 (c) an explanation linking three of
the following
• speciation (1)
• different geographical area named environmental conditions
may have different e.g. clima
e.
selection pressures /
environmental conditions
(1)
Accept survival of the fittest
• those individuals of a
species suited /adapted /
to this environment will
survive and breed (1)
• adaptations/genes passed
down to the offspring
• new species unable to
breed with original (1) (3)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
5(a)(i)
2 / two (offspring) 2 and 3 (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
5(a)(ii)
D (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
5(a)(iii) An explanation linking two of the
following points:
• two of the offspring from ORA if homozygous dominant then
generation II had CF (1) no CF offspring
• the children with cystic Ignore: references to genes
fibrosis must have inherited 1
recessive allele from each
parent / children must have 2
recessive alleles (1)
• both parents must have 1 ORA if homozygous recessive
recessive allele / be carriers offspring would have CF
of the CF allele (1)
(2)
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Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
5(b)
correct gametes (1)
correct offspring (1)
Accept bB instead of Bb
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
(2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
5(c) An explanation linking two of the
following:
• pedigree analysis will determine Accept to see if they are a
the likelihood that their offspring carrier of the CF allele
could inherit the CF allele(1)
• if heterozygous there is a 50%
chance (that the CF allele) will be Accept ratios rather than
passed on / if 2 heterozygous percentages 2 in 4 chance
parents 25% chance the offspring
will have CF(1)
• if either parent is homozygous
dominant there is 0% chance that
their offspring could have the
disease(1) (2)
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