Mathematics Supplementary Exercise

Ch.12 Introduction to Probability

Name: ________________________ Class: ________( ) Date: ________

1. An urn contains x white balls, 4 black balls and 8 red balls. If a ball is randomly drawn from
1
the urn, the probability of selecting a black ball is . Find the value of x.
x

rea .
prob .
-
it
:
4X = X + 11
3x = 11
x =
4

2. An integer is randomly chosen from 1 to 30 (including 1 and 30). Write down the following
probabilities.
(a) The integer is divisible by 12.
(b) 12 is divisible by the integer chosen. 2 ,
5 3 6, ,
,
10 15,

(c) The integer is a prime number. 1 2 3 ,

, ,
5 7 , ,
11 ,
13 ,
17 , 19 ,
13 ,
29

a .

rea .

prob. is
6 I
b reg prob . =
=
5
.
-
.

30

c .
reg . prob :
#
So

1
 3. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probabilities of drawing
(a) an Ace or an ‘8’,
(b) a black face card,
(c) a diamond or a ‘K’.

area
c req
.
.

prob.

4. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards.

(a) If the card drawn is a red card, find the probability that it is a face card.
(b) If the card drawn is a face card, find the probability that it is a red card.

a reg Prob .
:
+ 3
=

b reg prob =
.
.

- t
=

2
 5. A student is chosen at random from the group.

Fast Food Shop Boy Girl

Hamburger Queen 240 160
Fairwell 54 72
Café de Mary 102 96
Delimaxico 87 242

(a) Find the probability that the student’s favourite fast food shop is ‘Hamburger Queen’.
(b) If the student’s favourite fast food shop is ‘Hamburger Queen’, find the probability that the
student is a boy.
(c) If a student is a girl, find the probability that her favourite fast food shop is ‘Delimaxico’.
(d) If the students’ favourite fast food shop is ‘Fairwell’, find the probability that the student is
a girl.

area probl
a
c .
req .

= prob

d .
reg prob = , 3 =

3
 6. Amy arrives at a bus stop between 6 p.m. and 7 p.m. She can take either bus route P or Q to go
home. A bus of route P arrives at the bus stop every 15 minutes since 6:02 p.m. while a bus of
route Q arrives at the bus stop every 10 minutes since 6:10 p.m. Find the probability that Amy
takes a bus of route P to go home.
6 : 00 P6 :
02

Q6 :
10

P6 : 17

Q6 : 10

Q6 30 :

16 : 32

Q6 40 :

16 :
47
Q6 50 :

100
~Q7 : 00

7. The pie chart below shows the result of a popularity poll in a school about the favourite character
in a book series. If a student is randomly selected from the school, the probability of Harry being
5
the favourite character of the selected student is .
24
(a) Find x.
(b) In the school, 144 students choose Billy as their favourite character. Find the number of
students in the school.

=
Billy
X =
750
Steven
b .
Billy + 90 750 + 147' 36:
+ =
Harry
x° 147°

Billy
=
48
Jane
. 144 =
48x360 =
1080
·

4
 8. A school football team participates in a competition. The probability of winning a match is 0.45.
A team will get 3 points for winning, 1 point for drawing and 0 point for losing a match. If the
expected score of the team is 1.7 for a match, find the probability of drawing a match.

Lety be P of losing ; (1-0 45-y) be of drawing

.

0 .
45x3 + 04 + 1(1 0 45 -

.
-
y) = 1 7
.

1 0 45 y 0 35
-
- =
.

P (drawing)
.

35
:
= 0 .

9. A box contains n yellow balls and 10 black balls. If a yellow ball is drawn, $35 will be
gained; otherwise, $21 will be gained. Find the value of n if the expected value of the game is
$31. ·

(35x0) +
i 0)
(21x = 3

35n + 210 =
3/n + 310

4h =0

5
 -
10. (a) Six cards numbered 1 to 6 is drawn one by one without replacement. The sum of the
numbers on the two cards is recorded. List all the possible outcomes in the following table.
An example is shown.
2nd Draw

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 X 3 456 7
2 5 78

i *
6
1st Draw

X
3 78 9

4 d 7 Y 9 10

5 6 S 9 X 11
·

6 7 S 9 16 Il X

(b) Find the probability that

(i) the sum of the numbers is odd,
(ii) the sum of the numbers is greater than 9.
O
(c) A prize will be given if the sum of the numbers on the two cards is odd and is greater
than 9. Otherwise no prize will be given.
(i) Peter draws two cards. It is given that the sum of the two numbers is odd, find the
probability that Peter wins the prize.
(ii) If the cards are drawn one by one with replacement instead, will the probability in
(c)(i) change? Explain your answer.

*
bi .
reg .
prob =
- =
30 F

bii. req .
prob ==
reg . prob .