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Automation and Monitoring Smart Kitchen Based on Internet of Things
(IoT)
To cite this article: F Nugroho and A B Pantjawati 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 384 012007
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International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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Automation and Monitoring Smart Kitchen Based on Internet
of Things (IoT)
F Nugroho* and A B Pantjawati
Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,
Jalan Dr. Setiabudi no. 207, Bandung 40154 Indonesia
*[email protected]
Abstract. The kitchen is one of the important places in a house. Safety factor is the main aspect
that must be taken into account during the activity in the kitchen. The existence of gas leakage,
uncontrolled fire and excessive temperatures must be quickly identified and addressed. The
purpose of this research is to make prototype of kitchen security system using Internet of Things.
The system is designed using 4 types of sensors and Arduino UNO. DHT 11 sensor is used to
monitor temperature and humidity, IR Flames sensor is used to detect fire, MQ-135 sensors are
used to detect gas leakage, and PIR sensors are used to detect human activities in the kitchen.
The sensors output are then connected to the Arduino which will control the relay. The relay acts
as a fan switch in the event of a gas leak, uncontrolled fire and excessive temperature increase.
Under these conditions, Arduino will also turn on the alarm and the led, and send information to
the server. The results show that the system can work according to the desired specifications.
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
Nowadays the existence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has already changed the human life. IoT is a
concept that allows objects around us to communicate with each other [1]. This capability will make
objects understand what humans need without any command, including providing important information
wherever we are [2] [3].
In everyday life, people perform various activities. One of the places where human activity is the
kitchen. With a variety of activities conducted in the kitchen, will certainly make the kitchen temperature
conditions quickly changed. In addition to temperature, the use of gas stoves has a high fire risk. Based
on that, the use of IoT in the kitchen is necessary to keep the kitchen air condition always be comfortable
and to reduce risk due from the use of gas stoves.
1.2. Journal Review
Many research and projects have been made regarding this smart kitchen. As research by Vu Trieu Minh
and Riva Khannadari from Tallinn University of Technology. And Mutsalklisana Chaiyaorn from
Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
From some previous research, these research mostly only reveal a concept, some research that
succeeded in making a system that can work but still use ATmega32 as a microcontroller with a limited
sensor. In this paper, Explain about designing an IoT based automation and monitoring system using
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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Arduino UNO as microcontroller and ESP8266-01 as data communication device using wireless fidelity
(Wi-Fi) network.
1.3. Proposed
Based on background and review from research that has been described, we need a system that can
monitor and send various information about the condition of the kitchen continuously, even though we
are in a place far from the kitchen.
This project created a system which can detect changes in temperature and fire caused by the use of
gas stoves in the kitchen. In the system, the DHT11 sensor is mounted to detect temperature changes,
an MQ-135 gas sensor to detect Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) leak, IR flame sensor to detect fire, and
passive infrared (PIR) sensors to detect human activity in the kitchen. In this system, there is also a relay
to control the fan that serves to control the temperature and blow out of gas in the event of a gas leak or
smoke from the kitchen in case of fire. This system can be controlled and monitored via the internet
directly from laptops or smartphones anytime, even from a place far from the kitchen. In case of fire or
gas leak, this system will provide a warning in the form of alarm, as well as information to be sent via
short message service (SMS), e-mail, or in-app notification on a smartphone.
2. Method
The project of this system is built by some architecture, starting from hardware architecture, software
architecture and system architecture.
2.1. Hardware Architecture
Figure 1 shows the design and schematic of this system. The main components used in this circuit are
Arduino Uno, ESP8266-01 (wifi module), DHT11, MQ-135, IR Flame sensor, PIR sensors, buzzer,
three pieces LED, Relay module and A DC Fan.
Figure 1. Schematic Installation
2.1.1. Arduino Uno. Arduino Uno is a microcontroller that is currently popular. Arduino Uno uses
ATMEGA328 as its microcontroller, has 14 digital I / O pins and 6 analog inputs. To program it, the
Arduino is connected to the computer using USB type A to type B or what we often call the printer cable
[4].
2.1.2. ESP8266. ESP8266 is a wifi module that serves as a microcontroller enhancement such as
Arduino to connect directly to wifi and create TCP / IP connections. This module requires about 3.3v
power with three modes of wifi namely Station, Access Point and Both (tools). This module is also
equipped with processor, memory, and GPIO where the number of pins depends on the type of ESP8266
we use. On this system, This device is used as Wi-Fi shield for Arduino which will connect to Wi-Fi
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International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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network from available hotspot router. This device will send the collected data from Arduino to the
server.
2.1.3. Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11). DHT11 uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a
thermistor to measure ambient air. DHT11 sends output data in the form of digital output without
requiring analog pins. This sensor is very easy to use but has a measurement limit of only up to 60 ° C
[5]. In this system, DHT11 is used to detect temperature and humidity.
2.1.4. Gas Leakage Sensor (MQ-135). Gas sensor MQ-135 is very useful to detect a gas leak in the
kitchen. This sensor can detect flammable gases such as LPG, CH4, CO, Propane to detect smoke from
fire. It has a very quick response to gas leakage, but it takes a long time when it first starts up. In this
sensor, there is a potentiometer that serves to regulate the sensitivity of the sensor. When the sensor
detects a gas leak, the sensor's conductivity will increase depending on the amount of gas concentration
detected [6]. In this system, MQ-135 is used to detect leaks on LPG gas.
2.1.5. IR Flame Sensor. In this system, IR flame sensor functions as a fire detector. This sensor will
detect fires based on the infrared wave spectrum generated by the fire.
2.1.6. Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor. In this system, the PIR will serve to determine the presence of
human activities in the kitchen. This sensor determines the presence of human activities based on the
infrared emission from the human.
2.1.7. Power Supply. This system uses an adapter that will work on 100 - 240V. The resulting output is
5V, 1A. This power supply will be connected directly to the microcontroller. Figure 8 shows the power
supply.
2.2. Software Architecture
Software that is used in this system is Arduino IDE, Cayenne web server.
2.2.1. Arduino IDE. Arduino Uno is programmed using the Arduino Integrated Development
Environment (IDE). Arduino IDE is a software developed by Arduino. This program is used to design
various processes related to Arduino programming [4]. Not only the Arduino device, ESP 8266-01 is
also programmed using the serial monitor available on the Arduino IDE.
2.2.2. Cayenne web server. Cayenne is an application and web server to create project internet of things.
Cayenne has features for monitoring and controlling the objects connected to it. Using Cayenne is very
easy to use because it is only with visual drag and drop. On this system, Cayenne use to show all data
from the sensor, control the relay fan and send warning notices to the mobile device via E-mail and
SMS.
2.3. System Architecture
The system architecture of the smart kitchen system is shown in figure 2.
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International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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Figure 2. Architecture of Smart Kitchen System
The power supply is connected directly to Arduino. The sensor powered from pin 5v (VCC) and pin
3.3 V in Arduino.
The sensor used in this system is DHT11 to detect temperature change, Mq-135 to detect LPG gas
leak, IR flame sensor to detect fire, PIR sensor to detect human activity in the kitchen. Data received
by the sensor will be sent directly to the Arduino via digital or analog pins.
Arduino Uno serves as the controlling center in this system, all data sent by the sensor will be
processed to become a reference in the next action. Data received by Arduino will also be sent to the
Cayenne server.
Esp8266 is used as Wi-Fi shield that will connect the Arduino to the server via Wi-Fi.
Fan Relay functions as a fan controller. This relay will work according to Arduino command. The
Arduino will command the Fan to turn on when the DHT11 sensor detects air temperature> 25 ° C,
MQ-135 sensor detects LPG gas leakage, IRflame sensors detects a fire, and when a command from
a mobile device passes through the Cayenne server.
Alarm works when there is a gas leak or a fire occurs.
The indicator lights consist of three different lamps, each light indicator having different functions.
A red light indicates a fire, yellow lights indicate a gas leak, green lights indicate the kitchen safely.
Cayyene serves as a web server that will accommodate various information transmitted by Arduino
via Wi-Fi connection. Cayenne will process the information and will be displayed on the dashboard.
The dashboard is a view of the page or application that shows the information received by the
Cayenne server. In the dashboard, there is also a section that can control the components connected
to the Cayenne server. In this system, which can be controlled by the Cayenne is fan relay. Cayenne
also has a trigger function. Trigger function will send notifications in the form of SMS and Email
based on sensor readings that have been determined.
The mobile device serves as the receiver and information viewer of the smart kitchen system through
the Cayenne server.
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International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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3. Result and Discussion
To determine the performance of this system, the smart kitchen prototype that will be placed in a
miniature kitchen, as shown in figure 3. The layout of each indicator and sensor is adjusted to the actual
system condition. Prior to use in this system, the sensor was independently tested to determine its
eligibility.
Figure 3. Kitchen Miniature
The test results show that the system can work properly. Each sensor can work correctly. All data sent
by the sensor can be accepted by Arduino to determine an action for the output device. Output devices
such as Fan, alarm, and indicator lights can work according to their function. The data that received by
Arduino is also sent to the Cayenne server via Wi-Fi. Data received by the Cayenne instantly displayed
on the dashboard. Data displayed on the dashboard can be seen in figure 4.
Figure 4. Display of Cayenne Web Dashboard
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International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
1234567890‘’“”
The dashboard displayed can be customized. The data displayed will also be stored on the server. The
stored data can be viewed by opening the chart menu at the top right of each sensor data on a dashboard.
The data that received by Cayenne is also displayed on the dashboard in the Cayenne app on a mobile
device. The in-app dashboard display can be seen in figure 5.
Figure 5. Cayenne application Display
The dashboard displayed in the app can be customized but simpler than Web cayenne dashboard display.
The warnings notification in the event of a fire and gas leak also works correctly, as shown in figure 6.
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International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE) 2017 IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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(a) (b)
Figure 6. (a) Email Warning Notification (b) SMS Warning Notification
The system will send warning notification directly to mobile devices via Email and SMS.
4. Conclusion and Future Work
4.1. Conclusion
Based on the design and test of this system, the following conclusions can be taken:
Based on the test, each of sensors contained in this system works well. After installing, calibration
should be done so that the results can be in accordance with the expected.
All collected data can be displayed on the web and apps. In the delivery of such information, is
strongly influenced by the quality of Wi-Fi networks used.
In simulated fires and gas leaks, the fan can function properly. A warning system can work. Email
and SMS can be received directly by the mobile device.
4.2. Future Work
The addition of variant sensors to measure various information about the kitchen is needed. The addition
of security systems also needs to be improved. One of the security systems that can be embedded in this
system is a fire extinguisher or automatic gas lock.
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IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 384 (2018) 012007 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/384/1/012007
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