Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

CHAPTER 10 iii) Find a unit vector perpendicular to both

VECTOR ALGEBRA 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗

Deleted Portion MARCH 2023

• Scalar Triple Product of vectors 7. Consider the vectors:
• Coplanar vectors. 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
i) Find 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ (1)
JULY 2024
ii) Find the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗. (2)
1. i) Write the vector (0,0,0) to (2,2,2) in 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂, 𝑘̂
8. Consider the vectors:
components. (1)
𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂
ii) Find a vector in the direction of
a) Find 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ (2)
𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − √2𝑗̂ + √3𝑘̂ (2)
b) Find the unit vector perpendicular to both
2. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , then find
𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗. (1)
i) (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗). (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗) (2)
c) Find the area of parallelogram whose adjacent
ii) Find the area of the triangle whose adjacent
sides are 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗. (1)
sides are represented by 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗. (2)

MARCH 2024 JULY 2022

9. If 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are any two vectors then which of the
3. i) If 𝜃 is the angle between two non-zero vectors
following is not a vector? (1)
𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ and |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|, then 𝜃 = ……
a) 𝑎⃗ +𝑏⃗⃗ b) 𝑎⃗ −𝑏⃗⃗
(1)
ii) Find the projection of the vector 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ on c) 𝑎⃗ . 𝑏⃗⃗ d) 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗
10. Find the area of a parallelogram whose adjacent
the vector 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂. (2)
sides are determined by the vectors
4. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂
𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 7𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ (3)
a) Find (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗) (1)
b) Find a unit vector perpendicular to bot MARCH 2022

(𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗). (3) 11. Write the vector from the point A(1,3,5) to
B(4,3,2) (1)
JULY 2023
12. Find the direction cosines of the vector
5. Find the angle between the vectors 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 5𝑘̂ (1)
𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ 13. Consider the vector 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and
6. Consider the vectors 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ a) Find 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ (2)
i) 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ b) Find a unit vector perpendicular to 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ (1)
ii) 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗
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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

SAY 2021  
a) b)  c) 0 d)
2 4
14. Find the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ on
the vector 7𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ (March 2021) (3) SAY 2019
15. Consider the vectors 𝑎⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ and
21. Let a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and b = 2iˆ + mjˆ + 3kˆ
𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂. 
i) If a is perpendicular to b , find m. (1)
a) Find 𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗ (2)
ii) Find a vector perpendicular to both
b) Find the area of the parallelogram whose 
a and b (2)
adjacent sides are 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗. (1)
MARCH 2019
c) Find a vector perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗.
(1) 22. Position vector of three points A,B and C are
MARCH 2021
given to be iˆ + 3 ˆj + 3kˆ, 4iˆ + 4kˆ and
16. Find the projection of the vector 𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ on
−2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 2kˆ respectively.
the vector 7𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 8𝑘̂ (3)
17. Find a unit vector both perpendicular to the i) Find AB and AC . (1)

vectors if 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ ii) Find the angle between AB and AC . (1)
(4) iii) Find a vector which is perpendicular to
SAY 2020 both AB and AC having magnitude
18. i) Let a = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ , 9 units. (2)
( ) ( ) (
then show that a − b  a + b = 2 a  b . )
SAY 2018
(3)
23. Consider the vectors a = iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ and
ii) Find the area of the parallelogram whose
adjacent sides are given by the vectors
b = iˆ + 4 ˆj − kˆ
2iˆ + 4kˆ and 4iˆ + 4 ˆj . (2) 
a) Find the projection of a on b . (2)
iii) Find a − b if two vectors a and b such
b) If a is perpendicular to c ,then projection of

that a = 2, b = 3 and a.b = 4 . (2) a on c = ………. (1)

c) Write a vector d such that the projection of
MARCH 2020
a on c = a . (1)
19. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane ABC
where A,B and C are points (1,1,2), (2,3,5) and 24. a) In the figure ABCD is a parallelogram. If
(1,5,5). (4) AB = 3iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and AD = iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ . Find
20. i) Deleted
AC and DB . (2)
ii) If | a |= 2,| b |= 3 and  is the angle between a 
b) If a on b are adjacent sides of any
and b . Then maximum value of a . b occurs
parallelogram and c and d are its diagonals,
when  = ………… (1)
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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

show that |𝑐⃗ × 𝑑⃗| = 2|𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗|. (2) MARCH 2017

28. a) The projection of the vector 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ on the

MARCH 2018
vector iˆ + ˆj + kˆ is
25. a) If a = 3iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ, b = iˆ + 2 ˆj − 2kˆ
3 7
a) b)
√3 √3

i) Find a + b and a − b . (2) c)

3
d)
7
(1)
√17 √17
ii) Find a unit vector perpendicular to both b) Find the area of a parallelogram whose
a + b and a − b . (2) adjacent sides are the vector 2iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and
b) Consider the points A(1,2,7), B(2,6,3), iˆ − ˆj . (2)
C(3,10,−1).
29. a) The angle between the vectors iˆ + ˆj and ˆj + kˆ is
i) Find AB and BC . (1) a) 600 b) 300
ii) Prove that A, B, C are collinear. (1) c) 450 d) 900 (1)
  
b) If a , b , c are unit vector such that
  
a + b + c = 0 find the value of
SAY 2017   
  a.b + b.c + c.a (4)
26. a) The value of x . If b is a unit vector and
SAY 2016
( 2 x − 2b ) . ( x + b ) = 30 30. a) The projection of the vector iˆ − ˆj on the
a) 6 b) 6 vector iˆ + ˆj is
c) 4 d) 12 (1) i) 1 ii) 0 iii) 2 iv) -1 (1)
     
b) If a = i + 3 j and b = 3 j + k , then find a unit b) Find the area of the parallelogram whose
  adjacent sides are given by the vectors
vector which is perpendicular to both a and b
(2) a = 3iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ and b = ˆi − ˆj + kˆ (2)

27. a) Cosine of the angle between the vectors 31. a) ( a − b)  ( a + b) is equal to

iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and iˆ − ˆj + kˆ is 2 2
i) 0 ii) a − b
a) 1/3 b) 2/3
c) 1/2 d) 1 (1) iii) a  b (
iv) 2 a  b ) (1)
  
b) If a , b , c are three vector such that a = 3, b) If a and b are any two vectors, then prove that

(a  b )
b = 4, c = 4 and each one of them is
2 a.a a.b
= (2)
a.b b.b
perpendicular to the sum of the other two, then
   c) Using vectors, show that the points A(1,2,7),
find a + b + c (4)
B(2,6,3) and C(3,10,−1) are collinear. (2)

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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

MARCH 2016 b) Find the projection vector of b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ

32. a) The angle between the vectors a and b such
along the vector a = 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ . (2)
that a = b = 2 and a.b = 1 is
Also write b as the sum of a vector along a
𝜋 𝜋
i) 2 ii) 3 and a vector perpendicular to a . (1)
𝜋
iii) 4 iv) 0 (1) c) Find the area of a parallelogram for which the

b) Find the unit vector along a − b, where vectors a = 2iˆ + ˆj and 3iˆ + ˆj + 4kˆ are

a = ˆi + 3 ˆj − kˆ and b = 3ˆi + 2 ˆj + kˆ (2) adjacent sides. (2)

33. a) If the points A and B are (1,2, −1) and OR

a) Write the magnitude of a vector a in terms of
(2,1, −1) respectively, then AB is
dot product. (1)
i) ˆi + ˆj ii) ˆi − ˆj
b) If a , b and a + b are unit vectors, then prove
iii) 2ˆi + ˆj − kˆ iv) ˆi + ˆj + kˆ (1)
2
b) Find the angle between the vectors that the angle between a and b is . (2)
3
a = ˆi + ˆj − kˆ and b = ˆi − ˆj + kˆ . (2)
c) If a = 2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ and miˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ are
SAY 2015 perpendicular to each other, then find m. (1)
34. Consider the vectors a = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ and Also find the area of the rectangle having these
two vectors as sides. (2)
b = −iˆ + 7kˆ .
a) Find a + b (1) SAY 2014

b) Find a unit vector in the direction of a + b 37. Consider the vectors

(2) a = iˆ − 7 ˆj + 7kˆ; b = 3iˆ − 2 ˆj + 2kˆ

35. Consider the triangle ABC with vertices A(1,2,3),
a) Find a .b (1)
B(−1,0,4) and C(0,1,2)
b) Find the angle between a and b . (2)
a) Find AB , AC (1)
c) Find the area of parallelogram with adjacent
b) Find A . (2)
sides a and b . (2)
c) Find the area of triangle ABC. (2)

MARCH 2014
MARCH 2015

38. Let a = 2iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ and b = 6iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ .

36. (a) If a , b , c , d respectively are the position
vectors representing the vertices 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 of a a) Find a unit vector in the direction of a + b .
(1)
parallelogram, then write d in terms of b) Find the angle between a and b . (2)
a , b and c . (1) 39. Consider the triangle ABC with vertices A(1,1,1),

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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

B(1,2,3) and C(2,3,1), b and d are the position vectors of B and D

a) Find AB and AC (2) respectively.
b) Find AB  AC (2)
c) Hence find the area of the triangle ABC. (1)

SAY 2013

40. a) Find the angle between the vectors

a = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj + kˆ and b = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ (3) a) What is the position vector of C? (1)

b) The adjacent sides of a parallelogram are b) What is the angle between AB and

a = 3iˆ + ˆj + kˆ and b = iˆ + ˆj − kˆ AD ? (1)

i) Find a  b (1) c) Find AC (1)

d) If AC = BD , show that ABCD is a

ii) If the area of the parallelogram is 42 square
units, find the value of  . (2) rectangle. (3)

MARCH 2013 MARCH 2011

41. The position vectors of the vertices of ABC are 45. a) With the help of suitable figure, for any three
3iˆ − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ, 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ and iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ . vectors a , b, c . Show that

a) Find AB, BC and CA . (2) ( a + b) + c = a + (b + c ) (2)

b) Prove that  ABC is a right-angled triangle.
b) If a = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, b = 2iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ, what is the
(1)
SAY 2012 projection of a on b ? (2)
42. Given A(1,1,1), B(1,2,3) and C(2,3,1) are the 46. a) If a = 3iˆ − ˆj − 5kˆ b = iˆ − 5 ˆj + 3kˆ show that
vertices if ∆ABC. Find the area of ∆ABC. (3)
a + b and a − b are perpendicular. (2)
MARCH 2012 b) Given the position vector of three points

43. Consider the vectors a = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ and ( ) ( )

A iˆ − ˆj + 2kˆ , B 4iˆ + 5 ˆj + 8kˆ ,
b = 6iˆ + 3 ˆj + 2kˆ
C ( 3iˆ + 3 ˆj + 6kˆ )
a) Find a.b and a  b (3)
i) Find AB and AC (1)
( )
2 2 2 2
b) Verify that a  b = a b − a.b (2)
ii) Prove that A,B,C are collinear points.
(1)
SAY 2011
SAY 2010
44. ABCD is a parallelogram with A as the origin.
47. Let A(2,3,4), B(4,3,2) and C(5,2,−1) be three

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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

points. direction of iˆ + ˆj . (1)

a) Find AB , BC . (2) b) Find the area of the parallelogram determined
b) Find the projection of BC on AB . (2) by the vectors a = iˆ + ˆj + 3kˆ ,
c) Find the area of the triangle ABC. (2)
b = 3iˆ − 4 ˆj + 5kˆ . (2)
MARCH 2010
MARCH 2009
48. a) Choose the correct answer from the bracket.
Let ABCD be a parallelogram whose sides AB 51. Let a = iˆ + ˆj + kˆ, b = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj , c = 3iˆ + 5 ˆj − 2kˆ,

and AD are represented by the vectors d = − ˆj + kˆ

2iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ and iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ respectively. If a) Find b − a (1)
a is a unit vector parallel to AC , then b) Find the unit vector along b − a (1)
a equals ………….. (1) c) Prove that b − a and d − c are parallel
1 1
 7 ( 3i − 6 j − 3k ) , 7 ( 3i + 6 j − 2k ) ,
vectors. (2)

( 3i + 5 j − 3k ) , ( 3i + 6 j + 2k )
1 1 MARCH 2008
7 3 
52. Prove that the points whose position vectors
JUNE 2009
are given by 2iˆ − ˆj + kˆ, iˆ − 3 ˆj − 5kˆ and
49. a) If A(1,2,4) and B (2,-1,3) are two points.
→
3iˆ − 4 ˆj − 4kˆ form a right-angled triangle. (3)
i) Find AB (1)
53. Consider the points A(0,-2,1), B(1,-1,-2) and
→
ii) Find unit vector along AB (1) C(-1,1,0) lying in a plane.
b) Show that the points with position vectors i) Compute AB and AC (2)
2iˆ + 6 ˆj + 3kˆ ; iˆ + 2 ˆj + 7kˆ ;3iˆ + 10 ˆj − kˆ are ii) Find AB  AC (1)
collinear. (2) iii) Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane.
50. a) i) Find  for which a = iˆ − ˆj + 5kˆ and (2)

b = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj − kˆ are orthogonal. SAY 2008

54. Consider the vectors a = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj − 5kˆ and
b) P,Q, R. S are points with position vectors

2iˆ + 4 ˆj + 6kˆ , 3iˆ + 5 ˆj + 4kˆ, iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ and b = −iˆ + 7kˆ

a) Find a + b
5iˆ + 8 ˆj + 5kˆ respectively.
(1)

b) Find a unit vector in the direction of a + b

i) Find the vectors PQ, PR and PS . (1)
(2)
ii) Deleted 55. Consider the triangle ABC with vertices A(1,2,3),
OR B(−1,0,4) and (0,1,2)
a) i) Find the projection of iˆ + ˆj + kˆ in the
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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

a) Find AB and AC (1) 10. Find the angle between the vectors

b) Find A . (2) a = iˆ − 2 ˆj − 2kˆ and b = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − 6kˆ

c) Find the area of triangle ABC. (2) 11. Prove that the angle between two diagonals of a
1
MARCH 2007 cube is cos −1  
3
56. Consider the vectors a = iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ , 12. If a and b are any two vectors, prove that
b = 2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ and c = iˆ + 7 ˆj + 3kˆ . 2 2
|𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗|2 |𝑏⃗⃗| − (𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗)
2

a) Find a . b (1) 13. With the help of vectors, the area of triangle PQR
whose vertices are P(1,3,2), Q(2,−1,1) and
b) Find the angle between a and b (1)
R(−1,2,3)

EXTRA QUESTIONS 14. Find the sine of the angle between the vectors

2iˆ − ˆj − kˆ and 4iˆ + 7 ˆj + 3kˆ

1. Find  if the vectors 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ and iˆ − 4 ˆj + kˆ
are orthogonal. 15. Find the projection of a vector 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ on the

2. If a = 2iˆ + ˆj − kˆ , b = iˆ + 2 ˆj + kˆ , c = 3iˆ − 3kˆ vector iˆ + 2 ˆj + 3kˆ

are the position vectors of three points A, B and C. 16. Show that the vectors 2iˆ − 4 ˆj + 2kˆ and 3iˆ − 6 ˆj + 3kˆ
Prove that A,B and C are collinear.
are collinear.
3. If |𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 5, |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = 8, then find a . b 17. Let a = ˆi + 4 ˆj + 2kˆ ,b = 3ˆi − 2 ˆj + 7kˆ
4. Find the area of the parallelogram whose diagonals
and c = 2ˆi − ˆj + 4kˆ . Find a vector p which is
are represented by the vectors −2iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ and
perpendicular to both a and b and p. c = 18 .
iˆ − 2 ˆj − kˆ
18. If a, b, c are three vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = 5,
5. Find a unit vector perpendicular to 3iˆ − 2 j + 6kˆ
|𝑏⃗⃗| = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑐⃗| = 13, and 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = 0
⃗⃗, find
6. Find the unit vector in the direction of sum of the
the value of 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗.
vectors a +b, where a = iˆ + 2 ˆj − kˆ and
19. Find 𝜆 when the projection of 𝑎⃗ = 𝜆𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂
b = 2iˆ − 3 ˆj + 2kˆ
𝑜𝑛 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 6𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is 4 units.

( ) ( )
7. Find the unit vector perpendicular to both the
20. Find the value of iˆ. ˆj  kˆ + iˆ  kˆ . ˆj .
vectors 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 3iˆ − 4 ˆj − kˆ .
21. Find the angle, if |𝑎⃗ × 𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗|
8. If a and b are perpendicular vectors, show that
22. If a and b are two unit vectors and  is the angle
( ) ( )
2 2
a +b = a −b 𝜃 1
between them, show that 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2 ) = 2 |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|.
9. If a = 10, b = 2, a.b = 12, then find a  b
23. If 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 2𝑖̂ + 5𝑗̂, 3𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂ and 𝑖̂ − 6𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂
are the position vectors of points A, B, C and D
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 Remesh’s Mathematics [XII MATHEMATICS QUESTION BANK]

respectively, then find the angle between ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 and
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷. Deduce that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝐷 are collinear.
24. Three vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ satisfy the condition
𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗0⃗. Evaluate the quantity
𝜇 = 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗, 𝑖𝑓 |𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and
|𝑐⃗| = 2𝜃.

25. Let 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ be three vectors such that

|𝑎⃗| = 3, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and |𝑐⃗| = 5 and each of them
being perpendicular to the sum of the other two,
find |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗|.
26. If with reference to right handed system of mutually
perpendicular unit vectors 𝑖̂, 𝑗̂ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘̂ , 𝛼⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂,
𝛽⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 3𝑘̂, then express 𝛽⃗ in the form 𝛽⃗ =
𝛽⃗1 + 𝛽⃗2 , where 𝛽⃗1 is parallel to 𝛼⃗ and 𝛽⃗2 is
perpendicular to 𝛼⃗.

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