FLUID PRESSURE SENSOR
Made by : Supervising by :
- Kawtar DAHHAOUY
-Romaïssae ELKHAMARI -Mr Mohamed Hamza QADDI
-Hannane NADDAM
-Nouhaila LAABID
PLAN
Applications
Good
SENSOR
Types
Working
principle
Define
Where it is used ?
What is a fluid How do fluid What are the What are the factors
pressure sensor ? pressure sensor types of fluid to consider ?
works ? pressure sensor?
What Is a Fluid Pressure Sensor?
• A pressure sensor is a device used to measure and record the
pressure applied by liquids or gases.
• These pressure sensors are also called pressure transmitters.
• Some pressure sensors can also be used to indirectly measure other
parameters, such as fluid level, flow speed and altitude …
How Do Fluid Pressure Sensors Work?
• In short, a pressure sensor converts pressure into an analog or digital signal that
is sent and displayed on gauges or on a computer screen.
• The measured pressure is expressed as an electric current of 4 to 20 mA, or as a
voltage of 0 to 5 volts, depending on the actual pressure.
• Eeach sensor works on a different principle , the two most common types seen in
industrial applications are :
-Piezoresistive
-capacitive
A piezoresistive pressure sensor consists of a micro-machined silicon
diaphragm in which a piezoresistive strain gauge is diffused. The diaphragm
is fused to a silicone or glass back plate. The sensor contains resistors which
are usually arranged as a Wheatstone bridge circuit. As the pressure
increases on the piezoresistive material, it is more resistant to the electric
current flowing through it. It follows that the output of the Wheatstone
bridge, measured in millivolts, is directly proportional to the pressure.
It is known for being : small ,having a high frequency response and a low
displacement while also being sensitive to temperature and have a long
term stability.
Capacitive pressure sensors use a thin diaphragm that serves as a capacitor
plate. This diaphragm is usually a metallic or metal clad quartz component.
The diaphragm is subjected to a reference pressure on one side and to the
process pressure on the other. Changes in pressure will cause slight
deformation of the pressure sensing plate, which in turn will cause changes
in electrical capacitance. These capacitance changes are directly
proportional to the pressure applied to the plate which is exposed to the
process.
It is known for being : durable , accurate but still sensitive to temperature
and have a low frequency response .
What are the different types of fluid pressure
sensor ?
-Absolute Pressure
The pressure is measured against a
reference chamber which is nearly empty.
Absolute pressure sensors
mesure pressure
measurement against a
reference pressure of 0 In addition, it is very
bar (vacuum) little affected by
temperature variations.
The advantage of the used in applications where
absolute pressure sensor a constant reference is
is that changes in required. These type of
atmospheric pressure do sensors would be typically
not change the measured found in high-performance
pressure. industrial applications
such as monitoring
vacuum pumps or
industrial packaging.
Differential Pressure
Differential pressure sensors are typically packaged with
two ports to which pipes can be attached. The pipes are
then connected to the system where the measurement is
to be made.
Industrial differential sensors may be integrated
into a standardised fitting, allowing it to be built
into existing pipework.
Differential Pressure
Gauge pressure sensors:
The relative pressure formula can be
expressed as :
Gauge pressure sensors, also called
relative pressure sensors, allow
pressure to be measured by taking Pressure Mesured Pressure
into account the current atmospheric pressure atmospheric
atmospheric pressure.
Gauge pressure sensors:
NB!!
When positioning the sensor in your application, it is
important that the vent is open to the atmosphere.
This may require a hole in your printed circuit board and even
the housing of your product.
Sealed gauge sensor
Refers to atmospheric pressure trapped
within the back of the diaphragm, with
no vent path for pressure to flow in or
out.
Since atmospheric pressure constantly
changes due to weather and
temperature changes, a sealed gauge
transducer will never read an exact 0;
the atmospheric pressure is sealed in at
approximately 14.7 PSI (at sea level).
Diaphragm Bellow Bourdon Tube
Sealed gauge
• Sealed gauge pressure can assume both positive and negative
values. For positive values, it is called overpressure. The measured
Po = Pabs – Patm pressure is then higher than the standard atmospheric pressure and
is equal to the absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure.
• If the measured gauge pressure is negative, it is called
underpressure or partial vacuum. The measured pressure is then
Pu = Patm – Pabs lower than the standard atmospheric pressure and is found by
subtracting the absolute pressure from the atmospheric pressure.
NB!!
By mentioning that it is a partial vacuum we don’t
need to use the minus sign. If a vacuum cleaner
operates at an absolute pressure of 0,8 bar.
Factors to be considered while selecting a sensor:
Measuring range
Environment
Flexibility
Digital lowers costs
Intelligent sensors
Accuracy and Precision
Excitation
Signal Conditioning
Sudden temperature changes
Applications :
Automotive applications
Life-saving medical applications :
Automated building applications :
Life-enhancing consumer applications:
Industrial applications :
THANK YOU FOR PAYING ATTENTION
