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Pressure Sensors

The document provides an overview of pressure sensors, detailing pressure definitions, automotive pressure ranges, and various sensor principles including diaphragm-type sensors and strain gauge technology. It explains different types of pressure measurements such as absolute, gauge, and differential pressure, along with their respective units. Additionally, it highlights the construction and functioning of direct pressure sensors, capacitive sensors, and the significance of diaphragm deflection in pressure measurement.

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Ionela Ghita
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11 views9 pages

Pressure Sensors

The document provides an overview of pressure sensors, detailing pressure definitions, automotive pressure ranges, and various sensor principles including diaphragm-type sensors and strain gauge technology. It explains different types of pressure measurements such as absolute, gauge, and differential pressure, along with their respective units. Additionally, it highlights the construction and functioning of direct pressure sensors, capacitive sensors, and the significance of diaphragm deflection in pressure measurement.

Uploaded by

Ionela Ghita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pressure sensors

Objectives
• Pressure
• Pressure ranges in automotive
• Pressure units
• Sensor principles
• Pressure-dependent resistors
• Diaphragm-type sensors
• Capacitive sensors
• Strain gauge sensors
Pressure
• Pressure is defined as “a nondirectional force acting in all directions”
• P = P (F,x,y,z)
• Absolute pressure is zero-referenced against a perfect vacuum, so it is
equal to gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure;
• Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure.
• Differential pressure is the difference in pressure between two
points.
Pressure for automotive
• Intake-manifold or boost • Brake pressure in master cylinder
pressure (1 to 5 bar) for gasoline and wheel-brake cylinder (200
injection bar)
• Tire pressure (5 bar absolute) for • Combustion-chamber pressure
tire pressure monitoring (100 bar, dynamic) for detection
of misfiring and knock detection
• Hydraulic reservoir pressure
(approximately 200 bar) for ABS • Fuel pressure on the diesel
and power-assisted steering common rail (up to 2,000 bar)
• Coolant pressure (35 bar) for air- • Fuel pressure on the gasoline
conditioning systems direct injection system (up to 200
bar)
Pressure units
• 1 newton/square meter = 1 • 1 kilogram-force/square meter =
pascal [Pa] 9.80665 pascal [Pa]
• 1 bar = 100000 pascal [Pa] • 1 torr [Torr] = 133.32236842108
• 1 psi [psi] = 6894.7572931783 pascal [Pa]
pascal [Pa] • 1 millimeter mercury (0°C) =
• 1 Standard atmosphere [atm] = 133.322 pascal [Pa]
101325 pascal [Pa] • 1 millimeter water (4°C) =
• 1 atmosphere technical [at] = 9.80638 pascal [Pa]
98066.500000003 pascal [Pa]
Direct pressure sensors
• all known resistors are more or
less pressure-dependent
(volumetric effect)
• very high pressures (> bar) are to
be measured it would suffice to
simply subject an electrical
resistor to the pressure medium
• more or less temperature-
dependent, a characteristic which
is usually very difficult to
suppress
Diaphragm-type sensors
• uses a thin diaphragm which is
exposed on one side to the pressure
to be measured and which deflects
to a greater or lesser degree as a
function of the pressure
• Low-pressure measuring lead to
relatively large diaphragm (0.1 to 1
mm)
• Higher pressures measuring lead to
relatively small diaphragm (a few
μm)
Strain gauge and capacitive sensors
• The elongations of the diaphragm • Capacitive pressure sensors typically use
occurring on the deflection of a a thin diaphragm as one plate of a
diaphragm-type sensor are detected capacitor
using strain-gage technology • Applied pressure causes the diaphragm
to deflect and the capacitance to change
• Strain-gauge resistors are affixed to
the diaphragm • This change may or may not be linear
and is typically on the order of several
• Their electrical resistance varies picofarads out of a total capacitance of
under the influence of mechanical 50-100 pF
stresses • If the dielectric constant of the material
• The resistors are connected together between the plates isn't kept constant,
to form a Wheatstone bridge errors may result.
Thank you!

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