Midterm Study Guide
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Concept of mole/molar ratio
1) How many moles of sodium atoms correspond to 1.56x1021 atoms of sodium?
2) How many moles of Al atoms are needed to combine with 1.58 mol of O atoms to
make aluminum oxide, Al2O3?
3) How many moles of Al are in 2.16 mol of Al2O3?
4) Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, is a compound used in sewage treatment plants.
a. Construct a pair of conversion factors that relate moles of aluminum to moles
of sulfur for this compound
b. Construct a pair of conversion factors that relate moles of sulfur to moles of
Al2(SO4)3
c. How many moles of Al are in a sample of this compound if the sample also
contains 0.900 mol S?
d. How many moles of S are in 1.16 mol Al2(SO4)3?
5) How many moles of H2 and N2 can be formed by the decomposition of 0.145 mol of
ammonia, NH3?
6) What is the total number of atoms in 0.260 mol of glucose, C6H12O6?
7) What is the mass of 1.00 mol of each of the following elements?
a. Sodium
b. Sulfur
c. Chlorine
8) Determine the mass in grams of each of the following:
a. 1.35 mol Fe
b. 24.5 mol O
c. 0.876 mol Ca
d. 1.25 mol Ca3(PO4)2
e. 0.625 mol Fe(NO3)3
f. 0.600 mol C4H10
g. 1.45 mol (NH4)2CO3
9) Calculate the number of moles of each compound:
a. 21.5 g CaCO3
b. 1.56 g NH3
c. 16.8 g Sr(NO3)2
d. 6.98 g Na2CrO4
Percent composition and empirical formulas
10) Calculate the percentage composition by mass of each element in the following
compounds:
a. NaH2PO4
b. NH4H2PO4
c. (CH3)2CO
11) Phencyclidine is C17H25N. A sample suspected of being this illicit drug was found to
have a percentage composition of 83.71% C, 10.42% H, and 5.61% N. Do these
data acceptably match the theoretical data for phencyclidine?
12) How many grams of O are combined with 7.14x1021 atoms of N in the compound
N2O5?
13) Quantitative analysis of a sample of sodium pertechnetate with a mass of 0.896g
found 0.111g Na and 0.477g technetium (Tc). The remainder was
oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of sodium pertechnetate, NaxTcyOz.
14) A substance was found to be composed of 22.9% Na, 21.5% B, and 55.7%
O. What is the empirical formula of this compound?
15) When 0.684 g of an organic compound containing only C, H, and O was burned in
oxygen 1.312g CO2 and 0.805g H2O were obtained. What is the empirical formula
of the compound?
16) A 15.67 g sample of a hydrate of magnesium carbonate was heated, without
decomposing the carbonate, to drive off the water. The mass was reduced to 7.58
g. What is the formula of the hydrate?
17) When you react 3.9267 grams of Na2CO3 · nH2O with excess HCl(aq), 0.6039
grams of a gas is given off. What is the number of water molecules bonded to
Na2CO3 (value of n)?
18) A substance was found to have the following percentages by mass: 23% zinc; 11%
sulfur; 22% oxygen; 44% water. What is the empirical formula?
Balancing equations
19) Balance and classify the following 5 reactions:
a) Calcium acetate reacts with sodium sulfate to produce calcium sulfate and sodium acetate.
b) Magnesium metal reacts with oxygen gas to produce magnesium oxide.
c) Gallium fluoride decomposes to produce gallium metal and fluorine gas.
d) Potassium oxide reacts with iron (III) bromide to form potassium bromide and iron (III) oxide.
e) Molybdenum (II) sulfide and francium react to produce francium sulfide and molybdenum.
20) Balance the following reactions:
a. Ca(OH)2 + HCl CaCl2 + H2O
b. AgNO3 + CaCl2 Ca(NO3)2 +AgCl
c. Fe2O3 + C Fe + CO3
d. NaHCO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
e. C4H10 + O2 CO2 +H2O
f. Mg(OH)2 + HBr MgBr2 + H2O
g. Al2O3 + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2O
h. KHCO3 + H3PO4 K2HPO4 + H2O + CO2
i. C9H10O + O2 CO2 + H2O
Stoichiometry/limiting reactants
21) Chlorine is used by textile manufacturers to bleach cloth. Excess chlorine is
destroyed by its reaction with sodium thiosulfate, Na2S2O3:
Na2S2O3(aq) + 4Cl2(g) + 5H2O(aq) 2NaHSO4(aq) + 8HCl(aq)
a. How many moles of Na2S2O3 are needed to react with 0.12mol of Cl2?
b. How many moles of HCl can form from 0.12mol of Cl2?
c. How many moles of H2O are required for the reaction of 0.12mol of Cl2?
d. How many moles of H2O react if 0.24mol HCl is formed?
22) The incandescent white of a fireworks display is caused by the reaction of
phosphorous with O2 to give P4O10.
a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
b. How many grams of O2 are needed to combine with 6.85g of P?
c. How many grams of P4O10 can be made from 8.00g of O2?
d. How many grams of P are needed to make 7.46g P4O10?
23) In dilute nitric acid, HNO3, copper metal dissolves according to the following
equation:
3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(aq)
How many grams of HNO3 are needed to dissolve 11.45g of Cu?
24) The reaction of powdered aluminum and iron(II)oxide,
2Al(s) + Fe2O3(s) Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l)
produces so much heat the iron that forms is molten. Because of this, railroads use
the reaction to provide molten steel to weld steel rails together when laying
track. Suppose that in one batch of reactants 4.20mol Al was mixed with 1.75mol
Fe2O3.
a. Which reactant, if either, was the limiting reactant?
b. Calculate the mass of iron (in grams) that can be formed from this mixture of
reactants.
25) Silver nitrate, AgNO3, reacts with iron(III) chloride, FeCl3, to give silver chloride,
AgCl, and iron(III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3. A solution containing 18.0g AgNO3 was mixed
with a solution containing 32.4g FeCl3. How many grams of which
reactant remains after the reaction is over?
Theoretical and percent yield
26) Barium sulfate, BaSO4, is made by the following reaction:
Ba(NO3)2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
An experiment was begun with 75.00g of Ba(NO3)2 and an excess of Na2SO4. After
collecting and drying the product, 63.45g BaSO4 was obtained. Calculate the
theoretical yield and percent yield of BaSO4.
27) Aluminum sulfate can be made by the following reaction:
2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 6HCl(aq)
It is quite soluble in water, so to isolate it the solution has to be evaporated to
dryness. This drives off the volatile HCl, but the residual solid has to be treated to a
little over 200C to drive off all the water. In one experiment, 25.0g of AlCl3 was
mixed with 30.0g H2SO4. Eventually, 28.46g of pure Al2(SO4)3 was
isolated. Calculate the percent yield.
