RC Beam Design
Geometric and material properties
kN
w := 10 Distributed load L := 8m Span
m
n := 6 No of rebars fc := 25MPa Compressive strength
b := 500mm width
d p := 16mm Dia of rebar Fy := 414MPa Yield strength
h := 320mm Height
1.5 fc 4
d := 0.9h Depth Es := 200000MPa Steel modulus Ec := 0.043 2500 MPa = 2.688 10 MPa Concrete modulus
MPa
**Note :
1- Ib/ft^3 to kg/m^3 multiblied by 16
2- Divided by MPa because it is an imperical equation (units are
meaningless)
Analysis
2
π dp 3 2
As := n = 1.2 10 mm Total area of steel
4
3 2
Asmin := 1% b h = 1.6 10 mm Recommended min As to mitigate creep effect
3 2
Asmax := 4% b h = 6.4 10 mm Recommended max As to avoid congestion
2
w L
M u := 1.2 = 96 kN m Flexural Demand
8
Strength Design
( )
T Fy := As Fy from statics T=C
T Fy ( )
( )
a fc , Fy :=
b 0.85 fc
Depth of whitney block
(
a fc , Fy )
( )
M fc , Fy := T Fy d - ( ) 2
Flexural Strength ( )
M fc , Fy = 132.1 kN m This is how we get value based on the
selected fc and Fy above
β := 0.85
εs 0.003
( )
f ε s := - Calculating strain at steel to check tension x := 1 This is just an initial guess to solve the
(
a fc , Fy ) (
a fc , Fy ) controlled condition >0.005 equations. You can pick different number
d-
β β
ε := root( f ( x) , x) = 0.013 is it >0.0055 solving f(εs)
Serviceability Design
3
b h 9 4
Ig := = 1.365 10 mm gross inertia
12
Icr := 0.3Ig ACI approximate method to calculate cracked moment of inertia for beams
2 Es
( y) b
f ( y) := - A ( d - y) centroid of the transformed cracked section x := 1mm This is just an initial guess to solve the
2 Ec s equations. You can pick different number
Y := root( f ( x) , x) = 0.085 m solving f(y)
3 Es Icr
b ( Y) 2 8 4
Icr := + As ( d - Y) = 4.723 10 mm Calculated cracked moment of inertial = 0.346 Ratio of inertia
3 Ec Ig
**Note :
1- The calculated Icr is very close to the ACI assumption (Icr = 0.3
Ig). However, keep in mind we usually use the effective moment of
inertial Not the cracked ( Review RC1 and RC2 for more info)
L
Δall := = 44.4 mm Allowable deflection
180
Δall 384 Ec Icr kN
= 10.6 This is how much load we can apply without violating servicability limits. This would limit spans of RC
4 m beams even when using high strength materials
5 L
This figure demonstrate the effect of f'c on the flexural strength This figure demonstrate the effect of Fy on the flexural strength
500
500
400
400
300
M( fcc MPa , 414 MPa)
( )
M 25MPa , Fyy MPa 300
kN m
200 kN m
200
100
100
0
20 40 60 80 100 0
500 1000
fcc
Fyy
**Note :
1- I used fcc and Fyy to avoid confusion with fc and Fy defined
above ( You can use any name excep the once you define before)
Same figures above but normalized (divided by flexural strength of beam using fc=25MPa and Fy=414MPa)
3
3
2
2
M( fcc MPa , 414 MPa)
(
M 25MPa , Fyy MPa )
M( 25MPa , 414MPa)
M( 25MPa , 414MPa)
1
1
0
20 40 60 80 100 0
500 1000
fcc
Fyy
Now Let's see the influnce of fc on SS beam deflection. First we will define Ec, Icr and Δ as a function of f'c
3 Es 4
1.5 fc b ( Y) 2 5 w L
Ec( fc) := 0.043 2500 MPa Icr( fc) := + As ( d - Y) Δ( fc) :=
MPa 3 Ec( fc) 384 Ec( fc) Icr( fc)
This figure demonstrate the effect of fc on SS beam deflection
100
80
60 **Note :
Δ( fcc MPa)
1- f'c has insignificant effect in reducing beam deflection
mm
40
2- Increasing As reduces the deflection significantly but may violate
tension control condition
20
0
20 40 60 80 100
fcc
