Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

CHAPTER

3 MATRICES
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
3.1 INTRODUCTION

S
1. Which type of operations are used in electronic spreadsheet programs for personal computer, which is in
turn used in different areas of business and science? NCERT Page-56/N-39
(a) Functional operations
(b) Matrix operations
(c) Binary operations
(d) None of these

3.2 MATRIX
C
2. If a matrix has 8 elements, then which of the following will not be a possible order of the matrix?
(a) 1 × 8
(b) 2 × 4
(c) 4 × 2
(d) 4 × 4
3. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is
NCERT Page-58/N-38

NCERT/ Page-57/N-40
(a) 18
(b) 512
IM
(c) 81
(d) None of these
4. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a matrix of order 4 × 5, then the diagonal elements of 𝐴 are NCERT Page- 58/N − 40
(a) 𝑎11 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎33 , 𝑎44
(c) 𝑎11 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎33
(b) 𝑎55 , 𝑎44 , 𝑎33 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎11
(d) do not exist
5. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3×4 is matrix given by NCERT Page-58/N-38
4 −2 1 3
𝐴=[5 7 9 6 ]
21 15 18 −25
Then, 𝑎23 + 𝑎24 will be equal to the element
(a) a14
(b) a44
(c) a13
(d) 𝑎32

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(𝑖+2𝑗)2
6. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2 , then 𝐴 is equal to NCERT Page-59/N-38
9 25
(a) [ ]
8 18
9/2 25/2
(b) [ ]
8 18
9 25
(c) [ ]
4 9
9/2 15/2
(d) [ ]
4 9
(𝑖+𝑗)2
7. The construction of 3 × 4 matrix 𝐴 whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 is given by 2 is NCERT Page-59/N-38
2 9/2 8 25
(a) [9 4 5 18]

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8 25 18 49
2 9/2 25/2 9
(b) [9/2 5/2 5 45/2]
25 18 25 9/2
2 9/2 8 25/2
(c) [9/2 8 25/2 18 ]
8 25/2 18 49/2
(d) None of these
8. If A is a 3 × 2 matrix, B is a 3 × 3 matrix and C is a 2 × 3 matrix, then the elements in 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are
Crespectively
(a) 6,9,8
(b) 6,9,6
(c) 9,6,6
(d) 6,6,9
NCERT Page- 57/N − 38

3.3 TYPES OF MATRICES

9. Which of the following is correct statement? NCERT Page-62/N-40
IM
(a) Diagonal matrix is also a scalar matrix
(b) Identity matrix is a particular case of scalar matrix
(c) Scalar matrix is not a diagonal matrix
(d) Null matrix cannot be a square matrix
𝑥 + 3 𝑧 + 4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
10. If [4𝑥 + 6 𝑎 − 1 0 ] = [ 2𝑥 −3 2𝑐 + 2 ] then, the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 respectively
𝑏−3 3𝑏 𝑧 + 2𝑐 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0
are NCERT Page-63/N-41
(a) −2, −7, −1, −3, −5,2
(b) 2,7,1,3,5, −2
(c) 1,3,4,2,8,9
(d) −1,3, −2, −7,4,5
11. A square matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 is called a diagonal matrix if aii = 0 for NCERT Page-61/N-40
(a) i = j
(b) i < 𝑗

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(c) i > 𝑗
(d) 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
2𝑥 + 1 3𝑦
12. For what values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the following matrices equal 𝐴 = [ 2 ],𝐵 =
0 𝑦 − 5𝑦
2
[𝑥 + 3 𝑦 + 2]
0 −6
(a) 2,3 NCERT Page-61/N-41
(b) 3,4
(c) 2,2
(d) 3,3
𝑥 + 𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑧 4 7
13. If [ ]=[ ], then the values of 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 and 𝑤 respectively are NCERT Page-61/N-41
𝑥 − 𝑦 2𝑧 + 𝑤 0 10

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(a) 2,2,3,4
(c) 3,3,0,1
(b) 2,3,1,2
(d) None of these
14. If the diagonal elements of a diagonal matrix are all equal, then the matrix is called NCERT Page-62/N-40
(a) row matrix
(c) rectangular matrix
(b) scalar matrix
C (d) None of these
15. A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 is said to be a scalar matrix, if
(a) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 𝑘 for 𝑖 = 𝑗, for some constant 𝑘
(b) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 = 𝑗
(c) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0 for 𝑖 = 𝑗 and 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 = 𝑗
(d) None of the above
NCERT Page-62/N-40

𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 9
16. If [ 𝑥 + 𝑦 ] = [5] then the value of (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is:
IM
𝑦+𝑧 7
(a) (4,3,2) NCERT Page-61/N-41
(c) (2,3,4)
(b) (3,2,4)
(d) None of these
17. A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]m×m is said to be a diagonal matrix, if NCERT Page- 61/N − 41
(a) all its non-diagonal elements are non-zero i.e., bji ≠ 0; 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
(b) all its diagonal elements are zero, i.e., bij = 0, i = j
(c) all its non-diagonal elements are zero i.e, 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
(d) None of the above

3.4 OPERATIONS ON MATRICES

1 2
18. Let 𝐴 = ( ). Let 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ ℝ be such that 𝛼𝐴2 + 𝛽𝐴 = 21 . Then 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to
−2 −5
(a) -10 NCERT Page-78/N-56
(b) -6

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(c) 6
(d) 10
19. Let 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a square matrix of order 3 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2𝑗−𝑖 , for all 𝑖, 𝑗 = 1,2,3. Then, the matrix 𝐴2 +
𝐴3 + ⋯ . +𝐴10 is equal to : NCERT Page-73/N-56
310 −3
(a) ( )𝐴
2
310 −1
(b) ( )𝐴
2
310 +1
(c) ( )𝐴
2
310 +3
(d) ( 2 ) 𝐴
2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏 4 −3
20. If [ ]=[ ], then value of a + b − c + 2d is:
5𝑐 − 𝑑 4𝑐 + 3𝑑 11 24

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(a) 8 NCERT Page-63/N-41
(b) 10
(c) 4
(d) -8
1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
21. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that aij = { , then A2 is:
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-62/N-41 I CBSE Sample 2021-22
1 0
C (b) [

(c) [

(d) [

3𝐵 is:
1 1
0 0
1 1
1 0
1 0
0 1
]

]
22. Given that matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of order 3 × 𝑛 and 𝑚 × 5 respectively, then the order of matrix 𝐶 = 5𝐴 +
NCERT Page-61/N-38
(a) 3 × 5 and 𝑚 = 𝑛.
(b) 3 × 5
IM
(c) 3 × 3
(d) 5 × 5
0 2 0 3𝑎
23. If A = [ ] and 𝑘A = [ ], then the values of 𝑘, 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively are:
3 −4 2𝑏 24
(a) −6, −12, −18 NCERT Page-62/N-41
(b) −6, −4, −9
(c) −6,4,9
(d) −6,12,18
24. If the matrices 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] and 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ] and 𝐶 = [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] are of the same order, say 𝑚 × 𝑛, satisfy Associative
law, then NCERT Page- 68/N − 48
(a) (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
(b) A + B = B + C
(c) A + C = B + C
(d) A + B + C = A − B − C

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0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
25. If 𝐴 = [−𝑐 0 𝑎 ] and 𝐵 = [𝑎𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏𝑐 ], then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐2
(a) B NCERT Page-63/N-56
(b) A
(c) O
(d) I
1 3 2 𝑥
26. If [1 𝑥 1] [0 5 1] [ 1 ] = 0, then 𝑥 is
0 3 2 −2
1
(a) − 2
1
(b)
2

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(c) 1 NCERT Page-64/N-56
(d) -1
𝛼 0 1 0
27. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then value of 𝛼 for which 𝐴2 = 𝐵, is
1 1 5 1
(a) 1 NCERT Page-73/N-56
(b) -1
(c) 4
(d) no real values
C (a) 4A
(b) 3A
(c) 2A
(d) A
1 0 0
28. If 𝐴 = [0 1 0], then 𝐴2 + 2𝐴 equals
0 0 1
NCERT Page-78/N-56

29. The order of the single matrix obtained from

1 −1
IM
−1 0 2 0 1 23
[0 2 ] {[ ]−[ ]} is
2 0 1 1 0 21
2 3
(a) 2 × 3 NCERT Page-75/N-56
(b) 2 × 2
(c) 3 × 2
(d) 3 × 3
3 4 1
30. If 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 are 3 real numbers satisfying the matrix equation, [𝑝𝑞𝑟] [3 2 3] = [301] then 2𝑝 + 𝑞 − 𝑟
2 0 2
equals : NCERT Page-78/N-56
(a) -3
(b) -1
(c) 4
(d) 2

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𝑖 0 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖
31. If 𝑃 = [ 0 −𝑖 𝑖 ] and 𝑄 = [ 0 0 ], then 𝑃𝑄 is equal to NCERT Page-77/N-56
−𝑖 𝑖 0 𝑖 −𝑖
−2 2
(a) [ 1 −1]
1 −1
2 −2
(b) [−1 1 ]
−1 1
2 −2
(c) [ ]
−1 1
1 0 0
(d) [0 1 0]
0 0 1

S
1
4 1 0 2 0 −1 15 + 𝑥
32. If 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵 = [ ] , 𝐶 = [2] and 𝐷 = [ ] such that (2𝐴 − 3𝐵)𝐶 = 𝐷, then
1 −2 2 3 1 𝑥 1
1
𝑥= NCERT Page-69/N-56
(a) 3
(b) -4
(c) -6
(d) 6
C (a) 7A8
(a) 7A7
(c) 8I
(d) 6I
1 0 0
33. If 𝐴 = [0 1 0 ] and 𝐼 is the unit matrix of order 3 , then 𝐴2 + 2𝐴4 + 4𝐴6 is equal to
𝑎 𝑏 −1
NCERT Page-73/N-56

1 2 −1 1 0 0
34. If 𝐴 = [3 0 2 ] , 𝐵 = [2 1 0], then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to NCERT/ Page-78/N-55
IM
4 5 0 0 1 3
5 1 −3
(a) [ 3 2 6 ]
14 5 0
1 8 4
(c) [2 9 6]
0 2 0
11 4 3
(b) [ 1 2 3]
0 3 3
0 1 2
(d) [5 4 3]
1 8 2
35. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴, then (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 − 7𝐴 is equal to NCERT Page-77/N-56
(a) A
(b) I − A

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(c) I
(d) 3A
𝛼 𝛽
36. Given that 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 3𝐼, then
𝛾 −𝛼
(a) 1 + 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 0 NCERT Page-78/N-56 | CBSE Sample 2021-22
(c) 3 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝛾 = 0
(b) 1 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝛾 = 0
(d) 3 + 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 0
37. The matrix product NCERT Page-84/N-53
𝑎 𝑝
[𝑏 ] × [𝑥 𝑧] × [𝑞 ] equals :
𝑐 𝑟
pqr−abc

S
(a) xyz
xyz⋅pqr
(b) abc
pqr. abc
(c) xyz
(d) None of these
𝑎 𝑏 𝛼 𝛽
38. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = [ ], then:
𝑏 𝑎 𝛽 𝛼
(a) 𝛼 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , 𝛽 = 𝑎𝑏 NCERT Page-83/N-53
C (c) 𝛼 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , 𝛽 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
(b) 𝛼 = a2 + b2 , 𝛽 = 2ab
(d) 𝛼 = 2𝑎𝑏, 𝛽 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
1 0
39. For the matrix A = [0 1

(a) 0
1 𝑚 −1
0
0 ] , A2 is equal to

NCERT Page-78/N-53
(b) A
(c) I
IM
(d) None of these
40. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴 and 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵, then 𝐵 2 is equal to NCERT Page-76/N-53
(a) B
(b) A
(c) 1
(d) 0
2 3
1 −2 3
41. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [4 5], then
−4 2 5
2 1
(a) AB, BA exist and are equal NCERT Page-77/N-53
(b) AB, BA exist and are not equal
(c) AB exists and BA does not exist
(d) AB does not exist and BA exists
42. What is true about matrix multiplication ? NCERT Page-70/N-53
(a) It is commutative.
(c) Both of the above

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(b) It is associative.
(d) None of these
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 −cos⁡ 𝜃
43. cos⁡ 𝜃 [ ] + sin⁡ 𝜃 [ ] is equal to: NCERT Page-75/N-46
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
0 0
(a) [ ]
0 0
1 0
(b) [ ]
0 0
0 1
(c) [ ]
1 0
1 0
(d) [ ]
0 1
1 2
44. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 and 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝑓(𝐴) is equal to NCERT Page-72/N-57
4 −3

S
0 −4
(a) [ ]
8 8
2 1
(b) [ ]
2 0
1 1
(c) [ ]
1 0
8 4
(d) [ ]
8 0
cos⁡ 𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
45. If 𝑅(𝑡) = [ ], then 𝑅(𝑠)𝑅(𝑡) equals
−sin⁡ 𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡
C (a) R(s + t)
(b) R(s − t)
(c) R(s) + R(t)
(d) None of these
2 0 1
46. If 𝐴 = [2 1 3], then 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 6𝐼 =
NCERT/ Page-73/N-55

NCERT Page-73/N-57
1 −1 0
1 −1 −5
(a) [−1 −1 4]
IM
−3 −10 4
1 −1 −3
(b) [−1 −1 −10]
−5 4 4
(c) 0
(d) I
0 2 0 3𝑎
47. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝑘𝐴 = [ ], then the values of 𝑘, 𝑎, b are respectively.
3 −4 2𝑏 24
(a) −6, −12, −18 NCERT Page-83/N-46
(b) −6,4,9
(c) −6, −4, −9
(d) −6,12,18
0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
48. If 𝐴 = [−𝑐 0 𝑎 ] and 𝐵 = [𝑎𝑏 𝑏 2 𝑏𝑐 ], then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2
(a) B NCERT Page-85/N-55
(b) A

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(c) O
(d) I
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
49. Let 𝐹(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] then 𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(𝛽) is equal to
0 0 1
(a) 𝐹(𝛼𝛽) NCERT Page-85/N-55
𝛼
(b) F (𝛽)
(c) F(𝛼 + 𝛽)
(d) F(𝛼 − 𝛽)
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
50. The matrix 𝑋 such that X [ ]=[ ] is NCERT Page-86/N-56
4 5 6 2 4 6
1 2
(a) [ ]

S
2 0
1 −2
(b) [ ]
2 0
1 2
(c) [ ]
−2 0
1 2
(d) [ ]
0 −2
1 0 0 1 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
51. If I = [ ],J = [ ] and B = [ ], then value of 𝐵 in terms of 𝐼 and 𝐽 is
0 1 −1 0 −sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(a) I sin𝜃 + Jcos⁡ 𝜃 NCERT Page-78/N-53
C (b) I sin⁡ 𝜃 − Jcos⁡ 𝜃
(c) I Icos⁡ 𝜃 + Jsin⁡ 𝜃
(d) −Isin⁡ 𝜃 + Jcos⁡ 𝜃
1

2 −10
0 1 −2
52. If 𝐴 = [ 3 −1] and 𝐵 = [−2 2 ], then find the matrix ' 𝑋 ' such that 3𝐴 + 𝑋 = 5𝐵.
−5 2 1 1
(a) [−19 13]
20 −1
IM
−10 1
(b) [ 13 −19]
−1 20
−10 12
(c) [ 3 −19]
−1 20
(d) None of these NCERT Page-77/N-47
1 −1 𝑥 1
53. If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ] and
2 −1 𝑦 −1
(𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2, then 𝑥 + 𝑦 = NCERT Page-79/N-47
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

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3 2 1 9 6 29
54. Given that A = [5 7] , B = [0 3 ] and X = [ 5 16] and if 2𝐴 + 6𝐵 = 𝑘𝑋, then the value of 𝑘 is
8 9 4 10 20 39
(a) 2 NCERT Page-78/N-47
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
𝑥 𝑦 1 2 23 34
55. If [ ][ ]=[ ],
2 4 3 4 14 20
(a) 6 NCERT PAGE- 76/N-55
(b) 1
(c) 8
(d) 9

S
𝑥 5 3 −4 7 6
56. Find the values of x, y and z from the following equation: 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
7 𝑦−3 1 2 𝑧 14
(a) 3,9,14 NCERT Page-76/N-46
(b) 2,9,15
(c) 2,9,14
(d) None of these
57. Given that NCERT Page-75/N-56
1 𝜔 𝜔2 k 1 1 0 0 0
C [ 𝜔 𝜔2 1 ] [1 1 1] = [0 0 0], then k
𝜔2 1
(a) 6
(b) 1
(c) 8
(d) 9
1 −1
𝜔 1 1 1

𝑎 1
0 0 0

58. If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ] and

2 1 𝑏 −1
(𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵, then values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 are NCERT Page-74/N-56
IM
(a) a = 1, b = −2
(b) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2
(c) a = −1, b = 2
(d) 𝑎 = −1, 𝑏 = −2
5 2 3 6
59. Find 𝑋 and 𝑌, if 𝑋 + 𝑌 = [ ] and 𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ] NCERT Page-75/N-48
0 9 0 −1
1 2
(a) [ ]
0 5
−1 2
(c) [ ]
0 5
1 −2
(b) [ ]
0 5
(d) None of these
𝛼 0 1 0
60. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then value of 𝛼 for which 𝐴2 = 𝐵, is
1 1 5 1
(a) 1 NCERT Page-74/N-55
(c) 4

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 Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

(b) -1
(d) no real values
1 0 1 0
61. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐼 = [ ], then the value of 𝑘 so that A2 = 8A + kI is
−1 7 0 1
(a) k = 7 NCERT Page-66/N-56
(b) k = −7
(c) k = 0
(d) None of these
6 −6 0 3 2 5
62. Find matrices 𝑋, if 2𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ] and X + 2Y = [ ]. NCERT Page-67/N-48
−4 2 1 −2 1 −7
3 −2 −2
(a) [ ]
−2 0 −1
3 −2 2
(b) [ ]

S
−2 1 −1
−3 ⋅ −2 1
(c) [ ]
−2 1 −1
(d) None of these
0 −tan⁡(𝜃/2) cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃
63. If matrix 𝑃 = [ ], then find (𝐼 − 𝑃) [ ]
tan⁡ 𝜃/2 0 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(a) I + 2P NCERT Page-67/N-46
(b) 2I + P
(c) I + P
C (d) None of these

(a) (1,3)
(c) both (a) & (b)
(b) (2,3)
𝑥2
𝑦
𝑥 −2
64.If the matrix equation [ 2 ] − 3 [2𝑦] = [ ], then the values of x and y are
−9
NCERT/ Page-66/N-47

(d) None of these

𝑥+𝑦 𝑦 2 3
65. Let 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐵 = [ ] and 𝐶 = [ ] If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶, then what is 𝐴2 equal to?
IM
2𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 −1 2
6 −10
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-66/N-55
4 26
−10 5
(b) [ ]
4 24
−5 −6
(c) [ ]
−4 −20
−5 −7
(d) [ ]
−5 20
𝑎 0 9 𝑎
65. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 𝐵, then the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 is
1 1 𝑏 𝑐
(a) 1 or -1 NCERT Page-61/N-55
(b) 5 or -1
(c) 5 or 1
(d) no real values

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𝛼
0 −tan⁡ 2 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
67. If A = [ 𝛼 ] and 𝐼 is the identity matrix of order 2 , then (𝐼 − 𝐴) [ ] is equal to
tan⁡ 2 0 sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
(a) I + A NCERT Page-62/N-55
(c) A − I
(b) I – A
(d) A
2 0 7 −x 14x 7x 1 0 0
68. If [0 1 0] [ 0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0] then find the value of 𝑥
1 −2 1 x −4x −2x 0 0 1
1
(a) 2
1
(b)
5

S
(c) No unique value of ' 𝑥 ' NCERT Page-82/N-48
(d) None of these
𝛼 𝛽
69. If A = [ ] such that A2 is a two - rowed unit matrix, then 𝛿 is equal to NCERT Page-81/N-40
𝛾 𝛿
(a) 𝛼
(b) 𝛽
(c) 𝛾
(d) None of these
C
70. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two matrices such that 𝐴 + 𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵 are both defined, then
(a) A and B are two matrices not necessarily of same order.
(b) A and B are square matrices of same order.
(c) Number of columns of 𝐴 = Number of rows of 𝐵.
(d) None of these.
71. If 𝐴2 = [
𝛼 02
] =[
1 0
NCERT Page-84/N-40

], how many values of 𝛼 exist which satisfy the condition. NCERT Page-85/N-55
1 1 5 1
(a) 0
IM
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) None of these
72. If 𝐴 is matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛 and 𝐵 is a matrix such that AB′ and B′ 𝐴 are both defined, then order of matrix
𝐵 is NCERT Page-78/N-38
(a) m × m
(b) n × n
(c) n × m
(d) 𝑚 × 𝑛
73. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 2 × 2 matrices, then which of the following is true? NCERT Page- 7/N − 55
2 2 2
(a) (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐴𝐵
(b) (𝐴 − 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 − 2𝐴𝐵
(c) (A − B)(A + B) = A2 + AB − BA − B2
(d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝐴2 − 𝐵 2
2
74. Let 𝐴 = [ cos ⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃] and
cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃

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cos2 ⁡ 𝜙 sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙

𝐵=[ ], then 𝐴𝐵 = 0, if
cos⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜙 sin2 ⁡ 𝜙
(a) 𝜃 = n𝜙, n = 0,1,2, … …. NCERT Page-75/N-55
(b) 𝜃 + 𝜙 = n𝜋, n = 0,1,2, ….
𝜋
(c) 𝜃 = 𝜙 + (2n + 1) 2 , n = 0,1,2, …
n𝜋
(d) 𝜃 = 𝜙 + , n = 0,1,2, …
2

3.5 TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX

cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥
75. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴𝑇 is
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
(a) Zero matrix NCERT Page-85/N-61

S
(b) I2
1 1
(c) [ ]
1 1
(d) None of these
1
76. If 𝐴 = [−4] and 𝐵 = [−1 2 1], then (𝐴𝐵)′ is equal to, NCERT Page-85/N-63
3
−1 4 −3
(a) [ 2 −8 6 ]
C 1 −4 3
−1 2
(b) [ 4 −8 −4]
−3 6
1 4 −3
(c) [2 −8 6 ]
1 4
−1 4 −3
3
1

(d) [ 2 8 6]
1 −4 3
IM
77. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are square matrices of the same order and if A = 𝐴𝑇 , 𝐵 = 𝐵 𝑇 , then (𝐴𝐵𝐴)𝑇 =
(a) 𝐵𝐴𝐵 NCERT Page-72/N-63
(b) 𝐴𝐵𝐴
(c) 𝐴𝐵𝐴𝐵
(d) 𝐴𝐵 𝑇
1 2 2
78. If 𝐴 = [2 1 −2] is a matrix satisfying AAT = 9I3 , then the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively are
𝑎 2 𝑏
(a) 1,2 NCERT Page-71/N-63
(b) −2, −1
(c) −1,2
(d) −2,1
79. For a matrix A, AI = A and AAT = I is true for
(a) If 𝐴 is a square matrix NCERT Page-72/N-63
(b) If 𝐴 is a non singular matrix.
(c) If 𝐴 is symmetric matrix.

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(d) If A is any matrix.

cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
80. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = 𝐼, then the value of 𝛼 is NCERT Page-73/N-62
𝜋
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
(a) 6
𝜋
(b) 3
(c) 𝜋
3𝜋
(d) 2 .
81. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛 , then 𝐴′ is equal to NCERT Page-84/N-61
(a) [𝑎𝑗𝑖 ]𝑛×𝑚
(c) [aji ]
m×n
(b) [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛

S
(d) [aij ]
n×m

3.6 SYMMETRIC AND SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRICES

82. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be any two 3 × 3 symmetric and skew symmetric matrices respectively. Then which of the
following is not true? NCERT Page-86/N-64
(a) A4 − B4 is a smmetric matrix
C (b) AB − BA is a symmetric matrix
(c) B5 − A5 is a skew-symmetric matrix
(d) AB + BA is a skew-symmetric matrix
83. For any square matrix A, AAT is a
(a) unit matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(b) symmetric matrix
NCERT Page-86/N-64

(d) diagonal matrix

0 2 −3
IM
84. If 𝐴 = [−2 0 −1], then 𝐴 is a
3 1 0
(a) symmetric matrix NCERT Page-86/N-64
(c) diagonal matrix
(b) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) none of these
85. Each diagonal element of a skew-symmetric matrix is NCERT Page-87/N-64
(a) zero
(b) positive
(c) non-real
(d) negative
3 −4
86. If [ ] is the sum of a symmetric matrix 𝐵 and a skewsymmetric matrix 𝐶, then 𝐶 is
1 −1
1 −5/2
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-86/N-64
5/2 0

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1 −5/2
(b) [ ]
5/2 1
0 −5/2
(c) [ ]
5/2 0
1 −3/2
(d) [ ]
5/2 1
0 −2
87. Let A = [ ]. If M and N are two matrices given by M = ∑10
𝑘=1 𝐴
2𝑘
and N = ∑10
𝑘=1 𝐴
2𝑘−1
then MN2 is
2 0
(a) a non-identity symmetric matrix NCERT Page-87/N-64
(b) a skew-symmetric matrix
(c) neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric matrix
(d) an identify matrix
88. If A is symmetric as well as skew-symmetric matrix, then A is NCERT Page-85/N-64

S
(a) Diagonal
(b) Null
(c) Triangular
(d) None of these
89. If 𝜔 is a complex cube root of unity, then the matrix NCERT Page-85/N-64
2
1 𝜔 𝜔
𝐴 = [𝜔 2 𝜔 1 ] is
𝜔 1 𝜔2
C (a) symmetric matrix
(b) diagonal matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) .None of these
90. If 𝐶 is skew-symmetric matrix of order 𝑛 and 𝑋 is 𝑛 × 1 column matrix, then X ′ CX is a NCERT Page-85/N-61
(a) scalar matrix
(b) unit matrix
(c) null matrix
IM
(d) None of these
91. If 𝐴 is a square matrix, then 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 is NCERT Page-84/N-61
(a) Non-singular matrix
(b) Symmetric matrix
(c) Skew-symmetric matrix
(d) Unit matrix
92. If 𝐴 is any square matrix, then which of the following is skew-symmetric? NCERT Page-84/N-62
T
(a) A + A
(b) A − AT
(c) AAT
(d) 𝐴𝑇 𝐴

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3.7,
3.8 ELEMENTARY OPERATION OF A MATRIX & INVERTABLE MATRICES
1 2
93. After applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 to 𝐶 = [ ], we get NCERT Page-92
2 −1
1 2
(a) [ ]
2 −5
1 2
(b) [ ]
0 −5
1 4
(c) [ ]
2 −3
2 −1
(d) [ ]
1 2
94. If 𝑋, 𝐴 and 𝐵 are matrices of the same order such that 𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵, then we apply elementary column
transformation simultaneously on X and on the matrix NCERT Page-93

S
(a) B
(b) A
(c) AB
(d) Both A and B
4 3
95. Consider the matrix 𝐴 = [ ]. On applying elementary row operation 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑛𝑅1 , it becomes
1 5
4 3
[ ], then the value of 𝐧 =
−11 −4
C (a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

Exercise 2 : NCERT Exemplar & Past Years JEE Main

NCERT Page-92

NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS

IM
0 0 4
1. The matrix 𝑃 = [0 4 0] is
4 0 0
(a) square matrix NCERT/ Page-56/N-40
(b) diagonal matrix
(c) unit matrix
(d) None of these
2. Total number of possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 2 or 0 is NCERT/ Page-57/N-40
(a) 9
(b) 27
(c) 81
(d) 512
2𝑥 + 𝑦 4𝑥 7 7𝑦 − 13
3. [ ]=[ ], then NCERT Page-58/N-41
5𝑥 − 7 4𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+6
(a) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1
(b) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3

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(c) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 4
(d) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 𝑥
1
sin−1 ⁡(𝑥𝜋) tan−1 ⁡ (𝜋) 1
−cos−1 ⁡(𝑥𝜋) tan−1 ⁡ (𝜋)
4. If 𝐴 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥
] and 𝐵 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥
] then 𝐴 − 𝐵 is equal to
sin−1 ⁡ (𝜋) cot −1 ⁡(𝜋𝑥) sin−1 ⁡ (𝜋) −tan−1 ⁡(𝜋𝑥)
(a) 𝐼 NCERT Page-66/N-46
(b) 0
(c) 2𝐼
1
(d) 2 𝐼
5. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two matrices of the order 3 × 𝑚 and 3 × 𝑛, respectively and 𝑚 = 𝑛, then order of mamtrix
(5𝐴 − 2𝐵) is NCERT Page-67/N-38
(a) 𝑚 × 3

S
(b) 3 × 3
(c) 𝑚 × 𝑛
(d) 3 × 𝑛
0 1
6. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴2 is equal to NCERT Page-68/N-55
1 0
0 1
(a) [ ]
1 0
1 0
(b) [ ]
C (c) [

(d) [

(a) 𝐼
1 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
0 1
]

]
7. If matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 1, if 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 0 if 𝑖 = 𝑗, then 𝐴2 is equal to NCERT Page-66/N-55

(b) 𝐴
(c) 0
IM
(d) None of these
1 0 0
8. The matrix [0 2 0] is a
0 0 4
(a) identity matrix NCERT Page- 57/N − 40
(b) symmetric matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) None of these
0 −5 8
9. The matrix [ 5 0 12] is a
−8 −12 0
(a) diagonal matrix NCERT Page-56/N-63
(b) symmetric matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) scalar matrix
10. If 𝐴 is matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛 and 𝐵 is matrix such that 𝐴𝐵 ′ and 𝐵 ′ 𝐴 are both defined, then order of matrix
𝐵 is NCERT Page-72/N-38

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(a) 𝑚 × 𝑚
(b) 𝑛 × 𝑛
(c) 𝑛 × 𝑚
(d) 𝑚 × 𝑛
11. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are matrices of same order, then (𝐴𝐵 ′ − 𝐵𝐴′ ) is a NCERT Page-84/N-63
(a) skew symmetric matrix
(b) null matrix
(c) symmetric matrix
(d) unit matrix
12. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐼, then (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 + (𝐴 + 𝐼)3 − 7𝐴 is equal to NCERT Page-83/N-63
(a) A
(b) I-A

S
(c) I + A
(d) 3A
13. For any two matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵, we have NCERT Page-84/N-61
(a) AB = BA
(b) AB ≠ BA
(c) AB = O
(d) None of these
14. On using elementary column operations 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 2𝐶1 in the following matrix equation
C [
1 −3
2 4
(a) [

(c) [
1 −5
0 4
1 −5
2 0
]=[
1 −1 3 1
0 1 2 4
]=[

]=[
][
1 −1 3 −5
−2 2 2 0
1 −3 3 1
][
0 1 −2 4
][
], we have

]
] (b) [

(d) [
1 −5
0 4
1 −5
2 0
]=[

]=[
1 −1 3 −5
][
0 1 −0 2
1 −1 3 −5
0 1 2 0
][

15. On using elementary row operations 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅2 in the following matrix equation [
NCERT Page-85/N-55

]
]

4 2
]=
3 3
1 2 2 0
[ ][ ], we have NCERT Page-90
0 3 1 1
IM
−5 −7 1 −7 2 0 −5 −7 1 2 −1 −3
(a) [ ]=[ ][ ] (b) [ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 0 3 1 1 3 3 0 3 1 1
−5 −7 1 2 2 0 4 2 1 2 2 0
(c) [ ]=[ ][ ] (d) [ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 1 −7 1 1 −5 −7 −3 −3 1 1

PAST YEARS JEE MAIN

√3 1
2 2 1 1
16. If P = [ ],A =[ ] and Q = PAP T , then P T Q2015 P is ;
−2
1 √3 0 1
2
0 2015
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-84/N-61 / 2016, A
0 0
2015 0
(b) [ ]
1 2015

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 Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

1 2015
(c) [ ]
0 1
2015 1
(d) [ ]
0 2015
2 −3
17. If 𝐴 = [ ], then adj⁡(3𝐴2 + 12𝐴) is equal to : NCERT Page-84/N-56 | 2017, A
−4 1
72 −63
(a) [ ]
−84 51
72 −84
(b) [ ]
−63 51
51 63
(c) [ ]
84 72
51 84
(d) [ ]
63 72
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 𝑛−1 1 78 1 𝑛

S
18. If [ ]⋅[ ]⋅[ ] ⋯ ⋯ … .⋅ [ ]=[ ], then the inverse of [ ] is:
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-85/N-56 | 2019, C
12 1
1 −13
(b) [ ]
0 1
1 −12
(c) [ ]
0 1
1 0
(d) [ ]
13 1
C equal to:
(a) 𝐴
(b) 𝐼3
(c) 𝐴2
1
√3
1 1

1 𝛼2 𝛼4
1
19. Let 𝛼 be a root of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 and the matrix 𝐴 = [1 𝛼 𝛼 2 ], then the matrix 𝐴31 is
2

NCERT Page-86/N-55 | 2020, C

(d) 𝐴3
1 −1 0
IM
20. Let 𝐴 = 0 1 −1) and 𝐵 = 7𝐴20 − 20𝐴7 + 2𝐼, where 𝐼 is an identity matrix of order 3 × 3. If 𝐵 =
(
0 0 1
[𝑏𝑖𝑗 ], then 𝑏13 is equal to NCERT Page-94/N-56 | 2021, A
1 2 2
9 −10 11
21. Let 𝐴 = [1] and 𝐵 [122 13 −142 ], then the vlaue of A′ BA is:
2

1 −152 162 172

(a) 1224 NCERT Page-85/N-63 | 2022, C
(b) 1042
(c) 540
(d) 539
𝑎 𝑏
22. The number of matrices 𝐴 = [ ], where a, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ {−1,0, 1,2,3, … … … … . . ,10} such that 𝐴 = 𝐴−1 , is
𝑐 𝑑
NCERT Page-92/N-38 | 2022, S
2
23. Let 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2 where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0 for all 𝑖, 𝑗 and 𝐴 = 𝐼. Let 𝑎 be the sum of all diagonal elements of 𝐴 and
𝑏 = |𝐴|, then 3𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 is equal to NCERT Page-90/N-56 | 2023, C
(a) 7

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 Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

(b) 14
(c) 3
(d) 4
24. The number of symmetric matrices of order 3 , with all the entries from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, is :
(a) 610 NCERT Page-90/N-56 | 2023, S
10
(b) 9
(c) 109
(d) 106 .

Exercise 3 : Skill Enhancer MCQs

1. If 𝐵, 𝐶 are square matrices of order 𝑛 and if 𝐴 = 𝐵 + 𝐶, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐵, 𝐶 2 = 0, then for any positive integer

S
N, AN+1 = BK [B + (N + 1)C], then K/N is
(a) 1
(b) 1/2
(c) 2
(d) None of these
2. Let 𝐴 be 𝑎3 × 3 matrix given by 𝐴 = (𝑎𝑖𝑗 )3×3. If for every column vector 𝑋 satisfies 𝑋 ′ 𝐴𝑋 = 0 and 𝑎12 =
2008, 𝑎13 = 1010 and 𝑎23 = −2012. Then the value of 𝑎21 + 𝑎31 + 𝑎32 =
C(a) -6
(b) 2006
(c) -2006
(d) 0
3. If A1 , A3 , … . . , A2n−1 are n skew-symmetric matrices of same order, then 𝐵 = ∑𝑛𝑟=1 (2𝑟 − 1)(𝐴2𝑟−1 )2𝑟−1
will be (a) symmetric
(b) skew-symmetric
(c) neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric
(d) data is adequate
IM
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 1
4. If 𝐴 = [ ] then lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝐴𝑛 is
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(a) a null matrix
(b) an identity matrix
0 1
(c) [ ]
−1 0
(d) None of these
0 𝛼 𝑎 𝑏
5. Let A = [ ] and (𝐴 + 𝐼)50 − 50A = [ ], find 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 𝑎𝑐𝑑
0 0 𝑐 𝑑
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) None of these
6. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that (𝐴 − 2𝐼)(𝐴 + 𝐼) = 𝑂, then 𝐴−1 =
A−I
(a) 2
𝐴+𝐼
(b) 2

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 Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

(c) 2(𝐴 − 𝐼)
(d) 2A + I
7. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) If 0 < 𝑎 < 𝑏 < 𝑐 and 𝛼, 𝛽 are imaginary roots of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 then |𝛼| > 1
(b) If 𝑥𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦), where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 hasuniquesolution
(c) Using the elements −7, −4,0,4,7 the number of 4 × 4 skew symmetric matrices is 56
(d) Using the elements −7, −4,0,4,7 the number of 3 × 3 symmetric matrices is 56
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 𝑛 1 378
8. If the product of 𝑛 matrices [ ][ ][ ]…[ ] is equal to the matrix [ ], then the value
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
of 𝑛 is equal to
(a) 26
(b) 27

S
(c) 337
(d) 378
9. 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two square matrices such that 𝐴2 𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 and if (𝐴𝐵)10 = 𝐴𝑘 𝐵10, then 𝑘 is
(a) 1001
(b) 1023
(c) 1042
(d) None of these
cos⁡(𝜋/6) sin⁡(𝜋/6) 1 1
10. If P = [ ],A = [ ] and Q = PAP ′ then P ′ Q2007 P is equal to
C (a) [
−sin⁡(𝜋/6) cos⁡(𝜋/6)
1 2007
0
(b) [1 √3/2]

(c) [
0 2007
√3/2
0
1
]

2007]
1
0 1

(d) [ √3/2 −1/2 ]

1 2007
IM
11. A skew-symmetric matrix 𝑆 satisfies the relation 𝑆 2 + 𝐼 = 0, where I is a unit matrix, then SS T is
(a) I
(b) 2I
(c) −I
(d) −2I
12. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are symmetric matrices of the same order and X = AB + BA and Y = AB − BA, then (XY)T is
equal to
(a) XY
(b) YX
(c) −𝑌𝑋
(d) None of these
13. If Z is an idempotent matrix, then (I + Z)𝑛
(a) 𝐼 + 2𝑛 𝑍 (b) 𝐼 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑍 (c) 𝐼 − (2𝑛 − 1)𝑍 (d) None of these
0 −tan⁡ 𝜃/2 cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃 1 0
14. Let 𝐴 = [ ] (𝜃 ≠ 𝑛𝜋), 𝐵 = [ ],𝐼 = [ ]
tan⁡ 𝜃/2 0 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 0 1

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Then the matrix 𝐼 + 𝐴 is equal to

(a) (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝐵 (b) (𝐼 − 𝐴)2 𝐵 (c) (𝐼 + 𝐴)2 𝐵 (d) (𝐼 − 𝐴)2
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
15. Let 𝐹(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] where 𝛼 ∈ 𝐑. Then [𝐹(𝛼)]−1 is equal to
0 0 1
(a) F(−𝛼) (b) F(𝛼 −1 ) (c) F(2𝛼) (d) None of these

Exercise 4: Numeric Value Answer Questions

2 −2 −1 2
1. Let 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ). Then the number of elements in the set {(𝑛, 𝑚): 𝑛, 𝑚 ∈ {1,2, … ,10}
1 −1 −1 2
and 𝑛𝐴𝑛 +
𝑚𝐵 𝑚 = 𝐼} is

S
−1 𝑎
2. Let S = {( ) , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ {1,2,3, … .100}} and let
0 𝑏
𝑇𝑛 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑆: 𝐴𝑛(𝑛+1) = I}. Then the number of elements in ⋂100 𝑛=1 𝑇𝑛 is
2 −1 −1
√3𝑖−1
3. Let 𝐴 = (1 0 −1) and 𝐵 = 𝐴-I. If 𝜔 = 2 , then the number of elements in the set {𝑛 ∈
1 −1 0
{1,2 … ,100}: 𝐴𝑛 + (𝜔𝐵)𝑛 = 𝐴 + 𝐵} is equal to
1 𝑎 𝑎 1 48 2160
4. Let 𝐴 = [0 1 𝑏 ] , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ. If for some 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁. 𝐴n = [0 1 96 ] then n + a + b is equal to
C
5. Let 𝑀 = [
0 0 1
0 −𝛼
𝛼 0
positive integral value of 𝛼 is

−𝑎 −𝑎𝑏
1 −1 1
2
6. If A = [ 𝑎𝑏2 𝑏 ] and A𝑛 = 0, then the minimum value of 𝑛 is
4 2 2
0 0
49
1
], where 𝛼 is a non-zero real number an 𝑁 = ∑𝑘=1 𝑀2𝑘 . If (I − M 2 )N = −2I then the

7. Let 𝐴 = (2 1 −3) and 10𝐵 = (−5 0 𝛼 ). If 𝐵 is the inverse of matrix 𝐴, then 𝛼 is

1 1 1 1 −2 3
IM
8. The number of 3 × 3 matrices 𝑀 with entries from {0,1,2} for which the sum of the diagonal entries of
𝑀T M is 5 , are
1 0 0
q +q
9. Let 𝑃 = [3 1 0] and 𝑄 = [𝑞𝑖𝑗 ] be two 3 × 3 matrices such that Q − P 5 = I3 . Then 21q 31 is equal to
32
9 3 1
𝑥 1
10. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 is the unit matrix, then the value of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 2 is equal to
1 0
11. The number of matrices of order 3 × 3, whose entries are either 0 or 1 and the sum of all the entries is a
prime number, is
1 −1 𝛽 1
12. Let 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] , 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ 𝑅. Let 𝛼1 be the value of a which satisfies (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 +
2 𝛼 1 0
2 2
[ ] and 𝛼2 be the value of 𝛼 which satisfies (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐵 2 . Then |𝛼1 − 𝛼2 | is equal to
2 2
1 2
13. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 I and 𝐴 = [ ], then the sum of all elements of 𝑓(A) is equal to
4 −3
14. Let A = [ cos⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛼 ] , (𝛼 ∈ R) such that A32 = [0 −1]. If the value of 𝛼 is 𝜋 , then the value
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 1 0 2𝑘
of 𝑘 is

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EXCERSISE- 1
1 (b) 12 (c) 23 (b) 34 (a) 45 (a) 56 (b) 67 (a) 78 (b) 89 (a)
2 (d) 13 (a) 24 (a) 35 (c) 46 (b) 57 (b) 68 (b) 79 (a) 90 (c)
3 (b) 14 (b) 25 (c) 36 (c) 47 (c) 58 (d) 69 (a) 80 (b) 91 (b)
4 (d) 15 (a) 26 (b) 37 (d) 48 (c) 59 (b) 70 (b) 81 (a) 92 (b)

S
5 (d) 16 (c) 27 (d) 38 (b) 49 (c) 60 (d) 71 (a) 82 (c) 93 (b)
6 (b) 17 (c) 28 (b) 39 (c) 50 (b) 61 (b) 72 (d) 83 (b) 94 (a)
7 (c) 18 (d) 29 (d) 40 (a) 51 (c) 62 (c) 73 (c) 84 (b) 95 (b)
8 (b) 19 (a) 30 (a) 41 (b) 52 (a) 63 (c) 74 (c) 85 (a)
9 (b) 20 (a) 31 (b) 42 (b) 53 (d) 64 (c) 75 (b) 86 (c)
C10
11
(a)
(d)
21
22
(d)
(b)
32
33
(c)
(a)
43
44
(d)
(d)
54
55
(a)
(a)

EXCERSISE- 2
65 (a) 76
66 (b) 77
(a)
(b)
87
88
(a)
(b)

1 (a) 4 (d) 7 (a) 10 (d) 13 (d) 16 (c) 19 (d) 22 (50)

IM
2 (d) 5 (d) 8 (b) 11 (a) 14 (d) 17 (c) 20 (910) 23 (d)
3 (b) 6 (d) 9 (c) 12 (a) 15 (a) 18 (b) 21 (d) 24 (d)

EXCERSISE- 3
1 (a) 3 (b) 5 (a) 7 (a) 9 (b) 11 (a) 13 (b) 15 (a)
2 (c) 4 (a) 6 (a) 8 (b) 10 (a) 12 (c) 14 (a)

EXCERSISE- 4
1 (1) 4 (24) 7 (5) 10 (5) 13 (20)
2 (100) 5 (1) 8 (198) 11 (282) 14 (6)
3 (17) 6 (2) 9 (10) 12 (2)

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HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE - 1
1. (b)
2. (d) We know that, if a matrix is of order 𝑚 × 𝑛, then it has mn elements. Thus, to find all possible orders of
a matrix with 8 elements, we will find all ordered pairs of natural numbers, whose product is 8 . Thus, all
possible ordered pair are (1,8), (8,1), (2,4), (4,2).
3. (b) There are in total 9 entries and each entry can be selected in exactly 2 ways. Hence, the total number of
all possible matrices of the given type is 29 .
4. (d) The given matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a matrix of order 4 × 5, which is not a square matrix.
∴ The diagonal elements of 𝐴 do not exist.
4 −2 1 3

S
5. (d) The given matrix is A = [ 5 7 9 6 ].
21 15 18 −25
Here, 𝑎23 = 9 and 𝑎24 = 6 ∴ 𝑎23 + 𝑎24 = 15
Also, 15 lies in 3rd row and 2nd column.
∴ 15 = a32
(i+2j)2
6. (b) Here, aij = 2
(1+2×1)2 (1+2)2 9
∴ a11 = = 2 = 2,
2
C 𝑎12 =

𝑎21 =
(1 + 2 × 2)2 25

(2+2×1)
2
2
2
= 8
=

and 𝑎
2
22

So, the required matrix 𝐴 is [𝑎

=
(2+2×2)2
2
𝑎11 𝑎12
21 𝑎22
= 18
]=[
7. (c) A3×4 is matrix having 3 rows and 4 columns
1
9/2 25/2
8 18
]

∴ 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2 (𝑖 + 𝑗)2 where 𝑖 varies from 1 to 3 and 𝑗 varies from 1 to 4 .

1 1 9
Thus 𝑎11 = 2 (1 + 1)2 = 2, 𝑎12 = 2 (1 + 2)2 = 2, etc.
IM
We note that in the given options a22 is different in each. So we check for a22 .
1
We have, a22 = 2 (2 + 2)2 = 8
8. (b) If A is a 3 × 2 matrix, then A has 3 × 2 = 6 elements. Similarly, if B is a 3 × 3 matrix, then 𝐵 has
3 × 3 = 9 elements and C has 2 × 3 = 6 elements.
9. (b) Scalar matrix is a particular case of a diagonal matrix, where all the diagonal elements are same.
Thus, every diagonal matrix is not a scalar matrix. Identity matrix is a particular case of scalar matrix, since
all diagonal elements are same and have the value 1 .
By definition of scalar matrix, it is a diagonal matrix.
Null matrix is a matrix in which all elements are zero. Such a matrix can be of any order and any type.
10.
𝑥 + 3 𝑧 + 4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
(a) Since [4𝑥 + 6 𝑎 − 1 0 ] = [ 2𝑥 −3 2𝑐 + 2 ]
𝑏−3 3𝑏 𝑧 + 2𝑐 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0
∴ x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = −3; b − 3 = 2b + 4 ⇒ b = −7
z + 4 = 6 ⇒ z = 2; a − 1 = −3 ⇒ a = −2

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2y − 7 = 3y − 2 ⇒ y = −5; 2c + 2 = 0 ⇒ c = −1
∴ x = −3, y = −5, z = 2, a = −2, b = −7, c = −1
11. (d) A = [aij ] is a diagonal matrix iff all non-diagonal entries are 0 , i.e., aijs = 0 for i ≠ j.
n×n
12. (c) Since the corresponding elements of two equal matrices are equal, therefore
𝐴 = 𝐵 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + 3,3𝑦 = 𝑦 2 + 2 and 𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 = −6
Now, 2x + 1x + 3 ⇒ x = 2,
3𝑦 = 𝑦 2 + 2 ⇒ 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 1,2
and y 2 − 5y = −6 ⇒ y 2 − 5y + 6 = 0 ⇒ y = 2,3
since, 3y = y 2 + 2 and y 2 − 5y = −6
must hold good simultaneously so, we take the common solution of these two equations. Therefore 𝑦 = 2.
Hence, 𝐴 = 𝐵 if 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑧 4 7

S
13. (a) Since, [ ]=[ ]
𝑥 − 𝑦 2𝑧 + 𝑤 0 10
⇒x+y=4
x−y =0
2x + z = 7
and 2z + w = 10
On solving these equations, we get
x = 2, y = 2, z = 3, w = 4
14. (b) A diagonal matrix is said to be a scalar matrix, if its diagonal elements are equal.
C
15. (a) A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 is said to be a scalar matrix, if 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 𝑘 when 𝑖 = 𝑗, for some constant 𝑘
16. (c) Given:
x+y =5
𝑦+𝑧 =7
and 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9̇
Putting the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 in equation (iii) we get 𝑧 = 9 − 5 = 4 So, 𝑦 = 7 − 4 = 3 and 𝑥 = 5 − 3 = 2
thus 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3 and 𝑧 = 4.
IM
17. (c) A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]m×m is said to be a diagonal matrix, if all its non-diagonal elements are zero,
that is a matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]m×m is said to be a diagonal matrix if 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗.
18. (d) Characteristic equation of matrix 𝐴
|A − 𝜇I| = 0
1−𝜇 2
| |=0
−2 −5 − 𝜇
⇒ 𝜇 2 + 4𝜇 = 1 ⇒ 𝐴2 + 4𝐴 = 𝐼
⇒ 2A2 + 8A = 2I
Given that 𝛼𝐴2 + 𝛽𝐴 = 2𝐼
Comparing equations (i) & (ii) we get
𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 8
∴ 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 10.
1 2 22
19. (a) 𝐴 = ( 1/2 1 2)
2
1/2 1/2 1

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 Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

1 2 4
2 1/2 1 2)
∵ 𝐴 = 3(
1/4 1/2 1
2
𝐴 = 3𝐴
Similarly,
𝐴3 = 32 𝐴
𝐴2 + 𝐴3 + ⋯ + 𝐴10
3(39 − 1)
3𝐴 + 32 𝐴 + ⋯ + 39 𝐴 = 𝐴
3−1
310 − 3
= 𝐴
2
(a) 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4

S
𝑎 − 2𝑏 = −3
5𝑐 − 𝑑 = 11
4𝑐 + 3𝑑 = 24
Solving equation (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
𝑎 = 1,
𝑏= 2,
𝑐= 3
𝑑=4
C
21. (d) 𝐴 = [

23. (b) 𝑘𝐴 = [
1 0
0 1

0
] ⇒ 𝐴2 = [

3𝑘 −4𝑘
2𝑘
]=[
⇒ 𝑘 = −6, 𝑎 = −4 and 𝑏 = −9
1 0
0 1

0 3𝑎
2𝑏 24
]

]
∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 2𝑑 = 8

22. (b) 3 × 5 (Two matrices can be added when both have same order).

24. (a) Associative law: For any three matrices A = [aij ], 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ] and 𝐶 = [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] of the same order, say 𝑚 × 𝑛,
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C).
IM
Now, (𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝐶 = ([𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] + [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]) + [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ]
= [𝑎𝑖𝑗 + 𝑏𝑖𝑗 ] + [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] = [(𝑎𝑖𝑗 + 𝑏𝑖𝑗 ) + 𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] + [(𝑏𝑖𝑗 ) + (𝑐𝑖𝑗 )]
= [aij ] + ([bij ] + [cij ]) = A + (B + C)
0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
25. (c) AB = [−𝑐 0 𝑎 ] [𝑎𝑏 𝑏 2 𝑏𝑐 ]
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2
𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 − 𝑏2𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2 − 𝑏𝑐 2
2 2
𝐴𝐵= [−𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐 −𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 −𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 ]
𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐
0 0 0
= [0 0 0] = 0
0 0 0
1 3 2 x
26. (b) We have [1 x 1] [0 5 1] [ 1 ] = 0
0 3 2 −2
𝑥
⇒ [1 5𝑥 + 6 𝑥 + 4] [ 1 ] = 0
−2

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 Where There Is A Will, There Is A Way

1
⇒ 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 ⇒ 4𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =
2
𝛼 0 1 0
27. (d) Given that 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ]
1 1 5 1
and 𝐴2 = 𝐵
𝛼 0 𝛼 0 1 0
⇒[ ][ ]=[ ]
1 1 1 1 5 1
2
⇒[ 𝛼 0] = [1 0]
𝛼+1 1 5 1
⇒ 𝛼 2 = 1, 𝛼 + 1 = 5 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±1, 𝛼 = 4
∵ There is no common value
∴ There is no real value of 𝛼 for which 𝐴2 = 𝐵
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 .0 0

S
28. (b) A2 = [0 1 0] [0 1 0] = [0 1 0] = A
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
∴ A2 + 2A = A + 2A = 3A
29. (d) When a 3 × 2 matrix is post multiplied by a 2 × 3 matrix, the product is a 3 × 3 matrix.
30. (a)
𝑖 0 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖
31. (b) Since, 𝑃 = [ 0 −𝑖 𝑖 ] and 𝑄 = [ 0 0]
−𝑖 𝑖 0 𝑖 −𝑖
𝑖 0 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖
C ∴ 𝑃𝑄 = [ 0 −𝑖 𝑖 ] [ 0

=[ i
i 2
−𝑖 𝑖
−i2 − i2 i2 + i2
2

32. (c) (2A − 3B)C = D

4 1 0
−i
2
2
0

−i ] = [ −1
𝑖 −𝑖

−1

2 0 −1
0]

1 + 1 −1 − 1 2 −2
1 ] = [−1 1 ]
1

1
−1 1

15 + 𝑥
⇒ (2 [ ] −3[ ]) [2] = [ ]
1 −2 2 3 1 𝑥 1
1
IM
1
2 2 3 15 + 𝑥
⇒[ ] [2 ] = [ ]
−7 −7 4 − 3𝑥 1
1
9 15 + 𝑥
⇒[ ]=[ ] ⇒ 𝑥 = −6
−17 − 3𝑥 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
33. (a) A2 = [0 1 0 ] [0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0]
a b −1 a b −1 0 0 1
𝐴2 = 𝐴4 = 𝐴6 = 𝐼3 ⇒ 𝐴2 + 2𝐴4 + 4𝐴6
1 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0
= [0 1 0] + [0 2 0] + [0 4 0] .
0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 4
7 0 0
= [0 7 0] = 7𝐼3 = 7𝐴8
0 0 7
1 2 −1 1 0 0
34. (a) Since, 𝐴 = [3 0 2 ] and 𝐵 = [2 1 0]
4 5 0 0 1 3

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1 2 −1 1 0 0
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = [3 0 2 ] [2 1 0]
4 5 0 0 1 3
1+4+0 0+2−1 0+0−3 5 1 −3
=[ 3+0+0 0+0+2 0 + 0 + 6] = [ 3 2 6 ]
4 + 10 + 0 0 + 5 + 0 0+0+0 14 5 0
35. (c) We have, A2 = A
Now, (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 − 7𝐴 = 𝐼 3 + 𝐴3 + 3𝐴2 𝐼 + 3𝐴𝐼 2 − 7𝐴
= I + A2 A + 3A2 I + 3AI − 7A
= I + AA + 3A + 3A − 7A{ using (i) }
= I + A2 − A = I + A − A{ using (i) }
36. (c) 𝐴2 = 3𝐼
𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝑟 0 3 0

S
⇒[ ]=[ ] ⇒ 3 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝑟 = 0
0 𝛽𝑟 + 𝛼 2 0 3
37. (d) Matrix product is shown below.
a p ax ay az p
[b] × [𝑥𝑦𝑧] × [q] = [ bx by bz] × [q]
c r cx cy cz r
a(xp + yq + zr) a
= [b(xp + yq + zr)] = (xp + yq + zr) [b]
c(xp + yq + zr) c
C
38. (b) Let 𝐴 = [

But given 𝐴2 = [
𝑎 𝑏
𝑏 𝑎
], then

𝛼 𝛽
𝛽 𝛼
1 0
𝐴2 = [
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
][
𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
] ∴ a2 + b2 = 𝛼 and 2ab = 𝛽
0 1 0 0 1 0 0
2
] = [𝑎 + 𝑏
2𝑎𝑏
2
2𝑎𝑏 ]
𝑏 + 𝑎2
2

2
39. (c) We have 𝐴 = [0 1 0 ] [0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0] = 𝐼
1 𝑚 −1 1 𝑚 −1 0 0 1
IM
40. (a) Since BA = B, ∴ (BA)B = BB = B2
⇒ 𝐵(𝐴𝐵) = 𝐵 2 ⇒ 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵 2 (∵ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴)
⇒ 𝐵 = 𝐵 2 (∵ 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵) Here, 𝐴16 = 𝐼
41. (b) 𝐴 is 2 × 3 matrix and 𝐵 is 3 × 2 matrix
∴ both 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐴 exist and 𝐴𝐵 is a 2 × 2 matrix, while 𝐵𝐴 is a 3 × 3 matrix ∴ AB ≠ BA
42. (b) Matrix multiplication is not commutative i.e. AB ≠ BA But it is associative i.e. (AB)C = A(BC)
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 −cos⁡ 𝜃
43. (d) cos⁡ 𝜃 [ ] + sin⁡ 𝜃 [ ]
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
2
= [ cos ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃] + [ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 ]
2
−cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 cos ⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃
2 2
=[ cos ⁡ 𝜃 + sin ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 − sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃]
−cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃
1 0
=[ ].
0 1
1 2
44. (d) Given: A = [ ]
4 −3
1 2 1 2
∴ 𝐴2 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = [ ][ ]
4 −3 4 −3

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1+8 2−6 9 −4
=[ ]=[ ]
4 − 12 8 + 9 −8 17
Now, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 5 ∴ 𝑓(𝐴) = 𝐴2 + 4𝐴 − 5
2

= 𝐴2 + 4𝐴 − 5 ( 𝐼 is a 2 × 2 unit matrix)
9 −4 1 2 1 0
=[ ] + 4[ ] − 5[ ]
−8 17 4 −3 0 1
9 −4 4 8 −5 0
=[ ]+[ ]+[ ]
−8 17 16 −12 0 −5
8 4
=[ ]
8 0
45. (a)
cos⁡ 𝑠 sin⁡ 𝑠 cos⁡ 𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
𝑅(𝑠)𝑅(𝑡)= [ ]×[ ]
−sin⁡ 𝑠 cos⁡ 𝑠 −sin⁡ 𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡
cos⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡 − sin⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 + sin⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡

S
=[ ]
−sin⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡 − cos⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 −sin⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 + cos⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡
cos⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡) sin⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡)
=[ ] = 𝑅(𝑠 + 𝑡)
−sin⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡) cos⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡)
2 0 1 2 0 1
46. (b) A2 − 5A + 6I = [2 1 3] [2 1 3]
1 −1 0 1 −1 0
10 0 5 6 0 0
− [10 5 15] + [0 6 0]
C 0 2
5 −1 2

−5 −1 −3

−5 4
5 −5 0

−2
10 0
= [9 −2 5 ] − [10 5 15] + [0 6 0]
0 −1 −2 5 −5 0
6 0 0
0 0 6
5

= [−1 −7 −10] + [0 6 0] = [−1 −1 −10]

0 0 6
6 0 0

0 0 6
1 −1 −3

−5 4 4
47. (c) The given matrix is A = [ ]
3 −4
0 2 0 2k
Now, k 𝐴 = 𝑘 [ ]=[ ]
IM
3 −4 3k −4k
0 3a
Also, it is given that kA = [ ]
2b 24
0 2𝑘 0 3𝑎
∴[ ]=[ ]
3𝑘 −4𝑘 2𝑏 24
On equating corresponding elements, we get 2k = 3a, 3k = 2b and −4k = 24
⇒ k = −6, a = −4, b = −9
0 c −b a2 ab ac
48. (c) AB = [−c 0 a ] [ab b2 bc]
b −a 0 ac bc c 2
𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 − 𝑏2𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2 − 𝑏𝑐 2
𝐴𝐵 = [−𝑎2 𝑐 + 𝑎2 𝑐 −𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 −𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 ]
𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐
0 0 0
= [0 0 0] = 0
0 0 0
49. (c)

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cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0 cos⁡ 𝛽 −sin⁡ 𝛽 0

𝐹(𝛼). 𝐹(𝛽) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] [ sin⁡ 𝛽 cos⁡ 𝛽 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) −sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 0
𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(𝛽) = [ sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 0] = 𝐹(𝛼 + 𝛽)
0 0 1
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
50. (b) Here, 𝑋 [ ]=[ ]
4 5 6 2 4 6
𝑎 𝑐
Let 𝑋 = [ ].
𝑏 𝑑
Therefore, we have
a c 1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
[ ][ ]=[ ]
b d 4 5 6 2 4 6
𝑎 + 4𝑐 2𝑎 + 5𝑐 3𝑎 + 6𝑐 −7 −8 −9
⇒[ ]=[ ]

S
𝑏 + 4𝑑 2𝑏 + 5𝑑 3𝑏 + 6𝑑 2 4 6
On equating the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we have
𝑎 + 4𝑐 = −7,2𝑎 + 5𝑐 = −83𝑎 + 6𝑐 = −9
𝑏 + 4𝑑 = 2,2𝑏 + 5𝑑 = 4,3𝑏 + 6𝑑 = 6
Now, 𝑎 + 4𝑐 = −7 ⇒ 𝑎 = −7 − 4𝑐
2a + 5c = −8 ⇒ −14 − 8c + 5c = −8
⇒ −3c = 6 ⇒ c = −2
∴ 𝑎 = −7 − 4(−2) = −7 + 8 = 1
C Now, 𝑏 + 4𝑑 = 2 ⇒ 𝑏 = 2 − 4𝑑
2b + 5d = 4 and 4 − 8d + 5d = 4
⇒ −3𝑑 = 0 ⇒ 𝑑 = 0 ∴ 𝑏 = 2 − 4(0) = 2
Thus a = 1, b = 2, c = −2, d = 0
Hence, the required matrix 𝑋 is [

51. (c) Here [

cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
]=[
1 −2
2 0
cos⁡ 𝜃
]
0
]+
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 0 cos⁡ 𝜃
0 sin⁡ 𝜃
[ ]
IM
−sin⁡ 𝜃 0
1 0 0 1
= cos⁡ 𝜃 [ ] + sin⁡ 𝜃 [ ] = 𝐼cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝐽sin⁡ 𝜃
0 1 −1 0
1 −2 1 0
52. (a) X = 5B − 3A = 5 [−2 2 ] − 3 [ 3 −1]
1 1 −5 2
5 −10 −3 0 2 −10
= [−10 10 ] + [−9 3 ] = [−19 13 ]
5 5 15 −6 20 −1
53. (d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴 = 0
1 −1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 1 −1
⇒[ ][ ]+[ ][ ]=0
2 −1 𝑦 −1 𝑦 −1 2 −1
𝑥−𝑦 2 𝑥 + 2 −𝑥 − 1 0 0
⇒[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
2𝑥 − 𝑦 3 𝑦 − 2 −𝑦 + 1 0 0
⇒ 2x − y + 2 = 0
−x + 1 = 0
2x − 2 = 0.
−y + 4 = 0

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from (ii), 𝑥 = 1 and from (iv), 𝑦 = 4

Now, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 + 4 = 5
54. (a) ∵ 2A + 6B = kX
3 2 1 9 6 29
∴ 2 [5 7] + 6 [0 3 ] = k [ 5 16]
8 9 4 10 20 39
6 4 6 54 6 29
or [10 14] + [ 0 18] = k [ 5 16]
16 18 24 60 20 39
12 58 6 29
or [10 32] = 𝑘 [ 5 16]
40 78 20 39
6 29 6 29

S
or 2 [ 5 16] = k [ 5 16] ∴ k = 2
20 39 20 39
𝑥 𝑦 1 2 23 34
55. (a) ∵ [ ][ ]=[ ]
2 4 3 4 14 20
𝑥 + 3𝑦 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 23 34
∴[ ]=[ ]
2 + 12 4 + 16 14 20
∴ x + 3y = 23
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 34
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get y = 6.
C
56. (b) [

[
2𝑥 10
14 2𝑦 − 6
(2𝑥 + 3)
]+[
3 −4
1 2
(10 − 4)
(14 + 1) (2𝑦 − 6 + 2)

1
57. (b) [ 𝜔 𝜔
𝜔 𝜔2 k 1 1
2
]=[

]=[
7 6
𝑧 14
7 6
𝑧 14

0 0 0
]
]

⇒ (2𝑥 + 3) = 7 2𝑦 − 4 = 14 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 9 and 𝑧 = 15
𝑘 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2
1 ] [1 1 1] = [0 0 0] ⇒ [𝑘𝜔 + 𝜔 + 1 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 1 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 1] =
2

𝜔2 1 𝜔 1 1 1 0 0 0 𝑘𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔 𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔 𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔
0 0 0 1+𝜔+𝜔 +𝑘−1 2
0 0 0 0 0 k−1 0 0 0 0 0
IM
2
[0 0 0] ⇒ [ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔 + 𝑘𝜔 − 𝜔 0 0] = [0 0 0] ⇒ [ (k − 1)𝜔 0 0 ] = [0 0 0 ]
0 0 0 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 𝑘𝜔2 − 𝜔2 0 0 0 0 0 (k − 1)𝜔2 0 0 0 0 0
Which gives 𝑘 − 1 = 0, or 𝑘 = 1
58. (d) Given (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵
⇒ (A + B)(A + B) = A2 + B2 + 2AB
⇒ A2 + AB + BA + B2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB ⇒ BA = AB
𝑎 1 1 −1 1 −1 𝑎 1
⇒[ ][ ]=[ ][ ]
𝑏 −1 2 1 2 1 𝑏 −1
𝑎 + 2 −𝑎 + 1 𝑎−𝑏 1+1
⇒[ ]=[ ]
𝑏 − 2 −𝑏 − 1 2𝑎 + 𝑏 2 − 1
𝑎 + 2 −𝑎 + 1 𝑎−𝑏 2
⇒[ ]=[ ]
𝑏 − 2 −𝑏 − 1 2𝑎 + 𝑏 1
The corresponding elements of equal matrices are equal.
𝑎 + 2 = 𝑎 − 𝑏, −𝑎 + 1 = 2 ⇒ 𝑎 = −1
𝑏 − 2 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏, −𝑏 − 1 = 1 ⇒ 𝑏 = −2
⇒ a = −1, b = −2

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5 2 3 6
59. (b) (X + Y) + (X − Y) = [ ]+[ ]
0 9 0 −1
8 8
(𝑋 + 𝑌) + (𝑋 − 𝑌) = [ ]
0 8
8 8
⇒ 2𝑋 = [ ]
0 8
1 8 8 4 4 5 2 3 6
⇒X= [ ]=[ ] (𝑋 + 𝑌) − (𝑋 − 𝑌) = [ ]−[ ]
2 0 8 0 4 0 9 0 −1
2 −4 1 2 −4 1 −2
⇒ 2𝑌 = [ ]⇒𝑌= [ ]=[ ]
0 10 2 0 10 0 5
𝛼 0 𝛼 0 2
60. (d) 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ 𝛼 0]
1 1 1 1 𝛼+1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0
61. (b) We have, 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
−1 7 −1 7 −8 49

S
1 0 1 0
and 8A + kI = 8 [ ] + k[ ]
−1 7 0 1
8 0 k 0 8+k 0
=[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
−8 56 0 k −8 56 + k
1 0 8+𝑘 0
Thus, 𝐴2 = 8𝐴 + 𝑘𝐼 ⇒ [ ]=[ ]
−8 49 −8 56 + 𝑘
⇒ 1 = 8 + k and 56 + k = 49 ⇒ k = −7
62. (c)
1 0 0 −tan⁡(𝜃/2)
C
63. (c) I − P = [

=[
1

∴ (I − P) [

=[
1
0 1

−tan⁡(𝜃/2)
]−[
tan⁡(𝜃/2)
tan⁡(𝜃/2)

cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃
sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃

−tan⁡ 𝜃/2
1
]
]

tan⁡(𝜃/2) cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃

1
]⋅[
0

sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
]

]
cos⁡ 𝜃 + tan⁡(𝜃/2)sin⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃 + tan⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡ 𝜃
=[ ]
−tan⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃 tan⁡(𝜃/2)sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃
IM
1 − 2sin2 ⁡(𝜃/2) −2sin⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡(𝜃/2)
2
+2sin ⁡(𝜃/2) +tan⁡(𝜃/2)(2cos 2 ⁡(𝜃/2) − 1)
=
−tan⁡(𝜃/2)(2cos2 ⁡ 𝜃/2 − 1) tan⁡(𝜃/2)(2sin⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡(𝜃/2))
[ +2sin⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡(𝜃/2) +(1 − 2sin2 ⁡(𝜃/2)) ]
1 −tan⁡(𝜃/2)
=[ ]=𝐼+𝑃
tan⁡ 𝜃/2 1
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −2
64. (c) [ 2 ] − 3 [2𝑦] = [ 2 ]=[ ]
𝑦 𝑦 − 6𝑦 −9
2
Now equating the elements 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −2 on solving this 𝑥 = 1,2
And 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 = −9 on solving this 𝑦 = 3
65. (a)
(b) We have
2
𝐴2 = [
𝛼 0 𝛼 0
][ ]=[ 𝛼 0] = [9 𝑎]
1 1 1 1 𝛼+1 1 𝑏 𝑐
⇒ we get 𝛼 2 = 9 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±3
and 𝑎 = 0, 𝑐 = 1, 𝑏 = 𝛼 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4 or 𝑏 = −3⌟ = −2

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So a + b + c = (0 + 4 + 1) = 5 or (0 − 2 + 1) = −1
0 −𝑡 𝛼
67. (a) Here, 𝐴 = [ ], where 𝑡 = tan⁡ ( 2 )
𝑡 0
𝛼
1−tan2 ⁡( ) 1−t2
2
Now, cos⁡ 𝛼 = 𝛼 = 1+t2
1+tan2 ⁡( )
2
𝛼
2tan⁡( ) 2t
2
and sin⁡ 𝛼 = 𝛼= 1+t2
1+tan2 ⁡( )
2
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
= (I − A) [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
1 − t 2 −2t
1 0 0 −t 1 + t 2 1 + t 2
= ([ ]−[ ])
0 1 +t 0 2t 1 − t2

S
[1 + t 2 1 + t 2 ]
2
1−𝑡 −2𝑡
1 𝑡 1+𝑡 2 1 + 𝑡2
=[ ]
−𝑡 1 2𝑡 1 − 𝑡2
[1 + 𝑡 2 1 + 𝑡 2 ]
1 − 𝑡 + 2𝑡 2
2
−2𝑡 + 𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 )
= 1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2
−𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 ) + 2𝑡 2𝑡 2 + 1 − 𝑡 2
C [ 1 + 𝑡2

Also, 𝐼 + 𝐴 = [
=

1 0
1 + 𝑡2
1 + 𝑡2
3
1 + 𝑡2

2
−𝑡 + 𝑡 + 2𝑡 2𝑡 + 1 − 𝑡
[ 1+𝑡
]+[
0 −𝑡
2

]
]
−2𝑡 + 𝑡 − 𝑡 3
1 + 𝑡2

1+𝑡 2
2 =
1 + 𝑡2
1 + 𝑡2
𝑡(1 + 𝑡
] [ 1+𝑡 2
2)
−𝑡(1 + 𝑡 2 )
1 + 𝑡2
1+𝑡
1+𝑡
2

2 ]
=[
1
𝑡
−𝑡
1
]

0 1 𝑡 0
0 + 1 −𝑡 + 0 1 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
=[ ]=[ ] = (𝐼 − 𝐴) [ ]
𝑡+0 0+1 𝑡 1 sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
IM
2 0 7 −𝑥 14𝑥 7𝑥
68. (b) We have [0 1 0] ⋅ [ 0 1 0 ]
1 −2 1 𝑥 −4𝑥 −2𝑥
5𝑥 0 0 1 0 0
=[0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0]
0 10𝑥 − 2 5𝑥 0 0 1
⇒ x = 1/5
1 0 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
69. (a) We have, [ ]=[ ][ ]
0 1 𝛾 𝛿 𝛾 𝛿
𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛿
=[ ]
𝛼𝛾 + 𝛿𝛾 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛿 2
⇒ 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 1, 𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛿) = 0, 𝛾(𝛼 + 𝛿) = 0, 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛿 2 = 1
⇒ 𝛽 = 0 = 𝛾, 𝛼 ≠ −𝛿 and 𝛼 2 = 𝛿 2 ⇒ 𝛿 = 𝛼
70. (b) 𝐴 + 𝐵 is defined ⇒ 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of same order.
Also 𝐴𝐵 is defined ⇒
Number of columns in 𝐴 = Number of rows in 𝐵

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Obviously, both simultaneously mean that the matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 are square matrices of same order.
71. (a) Here,
2
𝐴2 = [
𝛼 0
]×[
𝛼 0
]=[ 𝛼 0] = [1 0].
1 1 1 1 𝛼+1 1 5 1
No value of 𝛼 satisfies this.
72. (d) Let matrix 𝐵 is of order 𝑝 × 𝑞.
∴ matrix 𝐵 ′ is of order 𝑞 × 𝑝.
matrix 𝐴 is of order 𝑚 × 𝑛
Since, 𝐴𝐵 ′ is defined
∴ number of columns of 𝐴 = number of rows of 𝐵 ′
⇒n=q
Also, 𝐵 ′ 𝐴 is defined

S
∴ number of column of 𝐵 ′ = number of rows of 𝐴
⇒p=m
Hence, 𝐵 is of order 𝑝 × 𝑞 i.e 𝑚 × 𝑛
73. (c) Given that, 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 2 × 2 matrices.
∴ (A − B) × (A + B) = A × A + A × B − B × A − B × B
= A2 − B2 + AB − BA
⇒ (𝐴 − 𝐵)(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐵 2
2
74. (c) AB = [ cos ⁡ 𝜃
2
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 ] [ cos ⁡ 𝜙 sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙
]
C =[

=[
cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 2
sin ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜙
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃cos2 ⁡ 𝜙 + sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜙
cos 2 ⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙
sin2 ⁡ 𝜙

cos2 ⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃

cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃sin2 ⁡ 𝜙
cos⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜙cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜃cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙)
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜙cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) sin⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙)
]
]

∵ AB = O
𝜋
IM
⇒ cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) = 0 ⇒ cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) = cos⁡(2𝑛 + 1)
𝜋
2
⇒ 𝜃 = (2n + 1) 2 + 𝜙, where n = 0,1,2, …..
75. (b) We have
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
𝐴=[ ] ∴ 𝐴𝑇 = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
Now 𝐴𝐴𝑇 = [ ][ ]
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
=[ cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 + sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥]
sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos2 ⁡ 𝑥
1 0
=[ ] = 𝐼2
0 1
1 1 −1 2 1
(a) A = [−4] , AB = [−4] [−1 2] = [ 4 −8 −4]
3 3 −3 6 3
−1 4 −3
∴ (𝐴𝐵)′ = [ 2 −8 6 ]
1 −4 3

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77. (b) Let 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑇 and 𝐵 = 𝐵 𝑇

Consider (𝐴𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴𝐵𝐴
78. (b) we have
1 2 2 1 2 𝑎
𝐴 = [2 1 −2] ⇒ 𝐴𝑇 = [2 1 2] ∵ AAT = 9I3
𝑎 2 𝑏 2 −2 𝑏
1 2 2 1 2 a 1 0 0
⇒ [2 1 −2] [2 1 2] = 9 [0 1 0]
a 2 b 2 −2 b 0 0 1
9 0 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 4 9 0 0
⇒[ 0 9 2𝑎 + 2 − 2𝑏 ] = [ 0 9 0]
2 2
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 4 2𝑎 + 2 − 2𝑏 𝑎 + 4 + 𝑏 0 0 9
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 4 = 0 and 2𝑎 + 2 − 2𝑏 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = −1

S
on solying these, we get, 𝑎 = −2 and 𝑏 = −1
79. (a) It is obvious.
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼
80. (b) A = [ ] , A′ = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 + sin⁡ 𝛼
𝐴 + 𝐴′ = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛼
2cos⁡ 𝛼 0 1 0
=[ ]=𝐼=[ ] (given)
0 2cos⁡ 𝛼 0 1
1 𝜋
⇒ 2cos⁡ 𝛼 = 1, ⇒ cos⁡ 𝛼 = 2 ∴ 𝛼 = 3 .
C
81. (a) If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛 , then 𝐴′ = [𝑎𝑗𝑖 ]𝑛×𝑚
82. (c) Given that 𝐴 is symmetric matrix ⇒ 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴, 𝐵 is skew symmetric
⇒ BT = −B
(A) C = A4 − B4
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐴4 − 𝐵 4 )𝑇 = (𝐴4 )𝑇 − (𝐵 4 )𝑇 = 𝐴4 − 𝐵 4 = Csymmetric
(B) C = AB − BA
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 − (𝐵𝐴)𝑇
= BT AT − AT BT = −BA + AB = C symmetric
IM
(C) C = B5 − A5
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐵5 − 𝐴5 )𝑇 = (𝐵 5 )𝑇 − (𝐴5 )𝑇 = −𝐵 5 − 𝐴5
(D) C = AB + BA
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 + (𝐵𝐴)𝑇
= −BA − AB = −C( Skew Symmetric)
∴ Option (c) is not true.
83. (b) We have, (𝐴𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴𝐴𝑇
∴ 𝐴𝐴T is a symmetric matrix.
84. (b)
0 −2 3 0 2 −3
(b) 𝐴𝑇 = [ 2 0 1 ] = − [ −2 0 −1] = −𝐴
−3 −1 0 3 1 0
Since 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴, therefore, 𝐴 is a skew symmetric matrix.
85. (a) Each diagonal entry of a skew symmetric matrix is 0 .
As for a skew symmetric matrix

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𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 ; 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖

⇒ 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = −𝑎𝑖𝑖 for 𝑗 = 𝑖 ⇒ 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = 0
3 −4 A+A′ A−A′
86. (c) A = [ ];A = ( 2 )+ ( 2 )
1 −1
[where B and C are symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices respectively]
𝐴−𝐴′ 1 3 −4 3 1
Now, 𝐶 = 2 = 2 {[ ][ ]}
1 −1 −4 −1
1 0 −5 0 −5/2
= [ ]=[ ]
2 5 0 5/2 0
87. (a) Given matrix is
0 −2
𝐴=[ ]
2 0
0 −2 0 −2 −4 0
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ] = −4𝐼

S
2 0 2 0 0 −4
A3 = −4A
𝐴4 = (−4𝐼)(−4𝐼) = (−4)2 𝐼
A5 = (−4)2 A, A6 = (−4)3 I
Take, 𝑀 = ∑10 𝑘=1 𝐴
2𝑘
= 𝐴2 + 𝐴4 + ⋯ . +𝐴20
= [−4 + (−4) + (−4)3 + ⋯ . +(−4)10 ]I
2

It is G.P. with 𝑎 = −4, 𝑟 = −4 and 𝑛 = 10.

(−4)
S10 = (2)10 − 1) I
C N = ∑10
5
⇒ M is symmetric matrix
k=1 A
2k−1
= A + A3 + ⋯ . +A19
= A[1 + (−4) + (−4)2 + ⋯ + (−4)9 ]
Similarly, 𝑁 = 𝐴[1(−4)10 − 1)/(−4 − 1)] =
So, N is skew symmetric matrix
𝐴[(2)20 −1)]
5

⇒ N2 is symmetric matrix
Therefore MN2 is non-identity symmetric matrix.
IM
88. (b) Let A = [aij ] . Since A is skew-symmetric aii = 0
n×m
(𝑖 = 1,2, … … , 𝑛) and 𝑎𝑗𝑖 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖 (𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)
Also, 𝐴 is symmetric so aji = aji ∀i and j
∴ aji = 𝟎 ∀i ≠ j
Hence aij = 0 ∀i and j ⇒ A is a null zero matrix
1 𝜔2 𝜔 1 𝜔2 𝜔
2 T
89. (a) A = [𝜔 𝜔 1 ] ; A = [𝜔 2 𝜔 1]=A
2
𝜔 1 𝜔 𝜔 1 𝜔2
T
∴ A = A. Hence, A is symmetric matrix.
90. (c) Here, X is n × 1, C is n × n and X ′ is 1 × n Hence, 𝑋 ′ 𝐶𝑋 is 1 × 1 matrix. Let 𝑋 ′ 𝐶𝑋 = 𝑘.
Then,
(X ′ CX)′ = X ′ C′ X ′ = X ′ C′ X ′ = X ′ (−C)X = −X ′ CX = k ⇒ k = −k ⇒ k = 0
′
⇒ X CX is null matrix.
91. (b) 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 is a square matrix.
(𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + 𝐴

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Hence, 𝐴 is a symmetric matrix.

92. (b) (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐴 = −(𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )
Hence, (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ) is skew-symmetric.
1 2
93. (b) After applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 to 𝐶 = [ ], we get
2 −1
1 2
[ ] (first multiply all elements of 𝑅1 by 2 and then subtract these elements from 𝑅2 )
0 −5
94. (a) In order to apply a sequence of elementary column operations on the matrix equation 𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵, we will
apply these operations simultaneously on X and on the second matrix 𝐵 of the product 𝐴𝐵 on RHS.
4 3
95. (b) We have A = [ ]
1 5
On applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 3𝑅1
4 3 4 3
we get [ ]=[ ]

S
1−3×4 5−3×3 −11 −4
∴ n=3
EXERCISE - 2
1. (a) Since, number of rows = number of columns = 3
0 0 4
Hence, the matrix 𝑃 = [0 4 0] is a square matrix.
4 0 0
2. (d) Since, total number of possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 2 or 0 = (1 + 1)9 = 29 = 512
C
3. (b) Here, 4𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 [By comparison of matrices]
and 4𝑥 = 7𝑦 − 13 ⇒ 8 = 7𝑦 − 13 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3
1
sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋
4. (d) Since, 𝐴 = 𝜋 [ −1 𝑥

1
sin ⁡ 𝜋
−cos−1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋
𝑥

cot −1 ⁡ 𝜋𝑥
]
𝑥
tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋
and 𝐵 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥 ]
sin−1 ⁡ 𝜋 −tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋𝑥
IM
𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
1
sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 + cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋 − tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋 1 2
0 1 1 0 1
So, 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥 𝑥 ]= [ 𝜋] = 2 [ ] = 2𝐼
sin−1 ⁡ 𝜋
− sin−1 ⁡ 𝜋 −1
cot ⁡ 𝜋𝑥 + tan ⁡ 𝜋𝑥 −1 𝜋 0 0 1
2
5. (d) As, 𝑚 = 𝑛, so 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of same orders 3 × 𝑛 Hence, the order of matrix (5𝐴 − 2𝐵) is same as 3 × 𝑛
0 1 0 1 1 0
(d) 𝐴2 = [ ]⋅[ ]=[ ]
1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
7. (a) Since, 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] , where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 1, if 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 0 if 𝑖 = 𝑗 So, 𝐴 = [ ]. Hence 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=
2×2 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0
[ ]=𝐼
0 1
1 0 0
8. (b) Suppose, 𝐴 = [0 2 0].
0 0 4
1 0 0
∴ 𝐴′ = [0 2 0] = 𝐴
0 0 4
Hence, the given matrix A is a symmetric matrix.

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0 −5 8
9. (c) Suppose, 𝐴 = [ 5 0 12]
−8 −12 0
0 5 −8 0 −5 8
Here, 𝐴′ = [−5 0 −12] = − [ 5 0 12] = −𝐴
8 12 0 −8 −12 0
Hence, the given matrix 𝐴 is a skew-symmetric matrix.
10. (d) Since, 𝐴 is matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛
Suppose 𝐵 is matrix of order 𝑟 × 𝑠
So 𝐵 ′ is matrix of order 𝑠 × 𝑟
As, 𝐴𝐵 ′ is defined, so 𝑛 = 𝑠
and 𝐵 ′ 𝐴 is defined, so 𝑟 = 𝑚
Hence, order of 𝐵 = 𝑚 × 𝑛

S
11. (a) (AB′ − BA′ )′ = (AB′ )′ − (BA′ )′
= (B′ )′ A′ − (A′ )′ B′ = BA′ − AB′ = −(AB′ − BA′ )
Hence, (𝐴𝐵 ′ − 𝐵𝐴′ ) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
12. (a) A2 = I
Now, (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 + (𝐴 + 1)3 − 7𝐴
= 𝐴3 − 𝐼 3 − 3𝐴2 𝐼 + 3𝐴𝐼 2 + 𝐴3 + 𝑃3 + 3𝐴2 𝐼 + 3𝐴𝐼 2 − 7𝐴
= 2A3 + 6AI2 − 7A = 2A2 A + 6AI − 7A
= 2𝐼𝐴 + 6𝐴 − 7𝐴 = 2𝐴 + 6𝐴 − 7𝐴 = 𝐴 [∵ 𝐴2 = 𝐼]
C
13. (d)
14. (d) Since, [

[
1 −5
2 0
1 −3
2 4

]=[

15. (a) Since, [

4 2
]=[

0 1 2 0
]=[
1 −1 3 1
0 1 2 4

][
1 2 2 0
][
][

]
]
On using elementary column operation 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 2𝐶1 ,
1 −1 3 −5

3 3 0 3 1 1
On using elementary row operation 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅2 ,
IM
−5 −7 1 −7 2 0
[ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 0 3 1 1
√3 1 √3 −1
2 2
16. (c) 𝑃 = [ ]𝑃 = [ 2 2 ]
𝑇
1 √3 1 √3
−2 2 2 2
𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑇 𝑃 = I, Q
𝑇 2015
= (𝑃𝐴𝑃𝑇 )(𝑃𝐴𝑃𝑇 )
(2015 terms)
= 𝑃𝐴2015 𝑃𝑇 ⇒ 𝑃𝑇 𝑄 2015 𝑃 = 𝐴2015
1 1 1 1 1 2
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 2 1 1 1 3
𝐴3 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 2015
∴ 𝐴2015 = [ ]
0 1
2 −3 16 −9
17. (c) We have 𝐴 = [ ] ⇒ 𝐴2 = [ ]
−4 1 −12 13
48 −27 24 −36
⇒ 3𝐴2 = [ ] Also 12𝐴 = [ ]
−36 39 −48 12

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48 −27 24 −36 72 −63

∴ 3𝐴2 + 12𝐴 = [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
−36 39 −48 12 −84 51
51 63
adj⁡(3𝐴2 + 12𝐴) = [ ]
84 72
18. (b)
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 𝑛−1 1 78
(b) [ ][ ][ ][ ]⋯[ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑛 − 1) 1 78
⇒[ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1
(𝑛 − 1)𝑛
⇒ = 78pn2 − n − 15 = 0
2
⇒ n = 13
1 𝑛 1 13
Now, the matrix [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1

S
1 13 1 −13
Then, the required inverse of [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1
19. (d) Solution of 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 is 𝜔, 𝜔2 So, 𝛼 = 𝜔 and 𝜔4 = 𝜔3 . 𝜔 = 1. 𝜔 = 𝜔
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
𝐴2 = [1 𝜔 𝜔2 ] [1 𝜔 𝜔2 ] = [0 0 1]
3
1 𝜔2 𝜔 1 𝜔2 𝜔 0 1 0
4
⇒𝐴 =𝐼
⇒ 𝐴30 = 𝐴28 × 𝐴3 = 𝐴3
1 −1 0
C
20. (910) Let 𝐴 = (0 1 −1) = 𝐼 + 𝐶
0 0
1 0 0
1
where 𝐼 = (0 1 0) , 𝐶 = (0 0 −1)
0 0 1
0 0 1
Now, 𝐶 2 = (0 0 0) , 𝐶 3 = (0 0 0)
0 −1 0

0 0
0 0 0
0

0 0 0 0 0 0
⇒ Cn = O, for n ≥ 3
IM
∵ An = (1 + C)n = 1 + nC + n C2 C2
∴ B = 7A20 − 20A7 + 2𝐼
= 7(I + C)20 − 20(I + C)7 + 2𝐼
= 7(𝐼 + 20C + 20 C2 C2 ) − 20(𝐼 + 7C + 7 C2 C2 ) + 2𝐼
So, 𝑏13 = 7 × 20 C2 − 20 × 7 C2 = 7(19 − 6) = 910
21. (d) Required value of
92 −102 112 1
′
A BA = [1 1 1] [ 12 2
132 −142 ] [1]
−152 162 172 1
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= [9 + 12 − 15 − 10 + 13 + 16 + 11 − 14 + 17 ] [1]
1
= [92 + 122 − 152 − 102 + 132 + 162 + 112 − 142 + 172 ]
= [539] = 539.
𝑎 𝑏
22. (50) Given matrix is 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴 = 𝐴−1
𝑐 𝑑
Hence, 𝐴2 = 𝐴 ⋅ 𝐴−1 = 𝐼

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𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 1 0
⇒[ ][ ]=[ ]
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑 0 1
2 1 0
⇒ [𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 2 ] = [0 1]
𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑
Compare the corresponding elements of the above matrix. ∴ 𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐 = 1
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 = 0
ac + cd = 0
𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑2 = 1
From (i) & (iv),
𝑎2 − 𝑑 2 = 0
⇒ (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 0 or 𝑎 − 𝑑 = 0
Case - I :
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 0 ⇒ (𝑎, 𝑑) = (−1,1), (0,0), (1, −1)

S
(a) (𝑎, 𝑑) = (−1,1) From (i),
1 + 𝑏𝑐 = 1 ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 0
b = 0c = 12 possibilities
c = 0b = 12 possibilities
Here, (0,0) is repeated then total possibilities are 2 × 12 = 24
Total pairs = 24 − 1 = 23.
(b) (𝑎, 𝑑) = (1, −1) ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 0 → 23 pairs
(c) (𝑎, 𝑑) = (0,0) ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 1
C⇒ (b, c) = (1,1)&(−1, −1),2 pairs
Case-II :
Here, 𝑎 = 𝑑
From (ii) &(iii),
if 𝑎 ≠ 0 then 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 0
a2 = 1
a = ±1 = d
IM
(a, d) = (1,1), (−1, −1) → 2 pairs
Total number of pairs = 23 + 23 + 2 + 2 = 50 pairs
𝑝 𝑞
23. (d) Let 𝐴 = [ ]
𝑟 𝑠
2
𝑝 + 𝑞𝑟 𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞𝑠 1 0
𝐴2 = [ 2 ] = [0 1]
𝑝𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠 𝑞𝑟 + 𝑠
Comparing both side
⇒ 𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑟 = 1
𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞𝑠 = 0 ⇒ 𝑞(𝑝 + 𝑠) = 0
⇒ 𝑠 2 + 𝑞𝑟 = 1
𝑝𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠 = 0 ⇒ 𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑠) = 0
Equation (i) - equation (ii)
𝑝2 = 𝑠 2 ⇒ 𝑝 + 𝑠 = 0
Now 3𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 = 3(𝑝 + 𝑠)2 + 4(𝑝𝑠 − 𝑞𝑟)2
= 3.0 + 4(−𝑝2 − 𝑞𝑟)2 = 4(𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑟)2 = 4
24. (d) Given the symmetric matrix

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𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝐴 = [𝑏 𝑑 𝑒 ] , 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓 ∈ {0,1,2, … . .9}
𝑐 𝑒 𝑓
Since, 𝑛 = 10
𝑛(𝑛+1)
Now, number of matrices = 10 2 = 106
EXERCISE - 3
1. (a) We have, BC = CB, and AN+1 = (B + C)N+1
= 𝑁+1 𝐶0 𝐵 𝑁+1 + 𝑁+1 𝐶1 𝐵𝑁 𝐶 + 𝑁+1 𝐶2 𝐵 𝑁−1 𝐶 2 +
But given that 𝐶 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝐶 3 = 𝐶 4 = ⋯ . = 𝐶 𝑟 = 0
Hence, 𝐴𝑁+1 = 𝑁+1 𝐶𝑁 𝐵 𝑁+1 + 𝑁+1 𝐶1 𝐵 𝑁 𝐶 = 𝐵 𝑁+1 + (𝑁 + 1)𝐵 𝑁 𝐶 = 𝐵 𝑁 [𝐵 + (𝑁 + 1)𝐶]
Thus K = N
𝑥1 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑥1

S
2. (c) Let 𝑋 = [𝑥2 ] , (𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 ) (𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ) (𝑥2 ) = 0𝑎11 𝑥12 + 𝑎22 𝑥22 + 𝑎33 𝑥32 + (𝑎12 + 𝑎21 )𝑥1 𝑥2 +
𝑥3 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑥3
(𝑎13 + 𝑎31 )𝑥1 𝑥3 + (𝑎23 + 𝑎32 )𝑥2 𝑥3 = 0
It is true for every 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , then 𝑎11 = 𝑎22 = 𝑎33 = 0, 𝑎12 + 𝑎21 = 0, 𝑎13 + 𝑎31 = 0, 𝑎23 + 𝑎32 = 0 ∴
𝐴 is a skew symmetric matrix 𝑎21 = −2008𝑎31 = −2010𝑎32 = 2012
3. (b) B = A1 + 3A33 + ⋯ . . (2n − 1)(A2n−1 )2n−1
𝐵 𝑇 = −[𝐴1 + 3𝐴33 + ⋯ . . (2𝑛 − 1)(𝐴2𝑟−1 )2𝑟−1 ]
= −B, so skew-symmetric
C
4. (a) 𝐴𝑛 = [

1 𝑛
⇒ A =[
𝑛
cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃
−sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃

−
cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃
𝑛
sin⁡
𝑛
𝑛𝜃 cos⁡
𝑛
]

𝑛 ]
𝑛𝜃

But −1 ≤ cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 ≤ 1 and −1 ≤ sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 ≤ 1

sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 1 0 0
lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 = 0, lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 = 0 ⇒ lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 A𝑛 = [ ].
0 0
IM
5. (a) As 2 = 0, Ak = 0∀𝑘 ≥ 2.
Thus, (A + I)50 = I + 50A ⇒ (A + I)50 − 50A = I ∴ a = 1, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1
𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 𝑎𝑐𝑑 = 0
6. (a) (A − 2I)(A + I) = 0 ⇒ AA − A − 2I = 0
A−I A−I
⇒ A( )=I∴ = A−1
2 2
c c
7. (a) 𝛼 = 𝛽‾ ⇒ |𝛼| = |𝛽|; 𝛼𝛽 = a ⇒ |𝛼|2 = a > 1 ⇒ |𝛼| > 1
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 (2 + 1)
8. (b) Observe 𝐴1 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 3 1 3 1 (3 + 2 + 1)
and 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1
So, in general 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 … 𝐴𝑛
1 𝑛 + (𝑛 − 1) + (𝑛 − 2) + ⋯ + 3 + 2 + 1
=[ ]
0 1
𝑛(𝑛+1)
So 2 = 378 ⇒ 𝑛 = 27
9. (b) (𝐴𝐵) ⋅ (𝐴𝐵) = 𝐴(𝐵𝐴)𝐵 = 𝐴3 𝐵 2

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(𝐴𝐵)(𝐴𝐵)(𝐴𝐵) = 𝐴7 𝐵 3
𝑛
so (𝐴𝐵)n = 𝐴2 −1 𝐵 𝑛
so 𝑘 = 210 − 1 = 1023
10. (a) Note that 𝑃′ = 𝑃−1 Now, 𝑄 = 𝑃𝐴𝑃′ = 𝑃𝐴𝑃−1
⇒ Q2007 = PA2007 P −1
∴ P ′ Q2007 P = P −1 (PA2007 P −1 )P = A2007 = (I + B)2007
0 1
where 𝐵 = [ ].
0 0
As 𝐵 = 0, we get 𝐵 𝑟 = 0∀𝑟 ≥ 2.
2

Thus, by binomial theorem,

1 2007
𝐴2007 = 𝐼 + 2007𝐵 = [ ]
0 1
11. (a) Since 𝑆 is skew-symmetric, 𝑆 T = −𝑆,

S
𝑆 2 = −𝐼 ⇒ 𝑆 × 𝑆 = −1
⇒ S × S × S T = −I(S T ) = IS = S
⇒ S −1 SSS T = S −1 S ⇒ SS T = I
12. (c) Given that 𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴
⇒ X = X T and Y = AB − BA ⇒ Y = −Y T .
Now (XY)T = Y T X T = −YX
13. (b) Z is idempotent then Z 2 = Z ⇒ Z 3 , Z 4 , … , Z n = Z
(𝐼 + 𝑍)𝑛 = 𝑛 𝐶0 𝐼 𝑛 + 𝑛 𝐶1 𝑛−1 𝑍 + 𝑛 𝐶2 𝐼 𝑛−2 𝑍 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 𝑍 𝑛
C = 𝑛 𝐶0 𝐼 + 𝑛 𝐶1 𝑍 + 𝑛 𝐶2 𝑍 + 𝑛 𝐶3 𝑍 + ⋯ + 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 𝑍
= 𝐼 + ( 𝑛 𝐶1 + 𝑛 𝐶2 + 𝑛 𝐶3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 )𝑍 = 𝐼 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑍
14. (a) Put tan⁡(𝜃/2) = 𝑎 so that
1 − 𝑎2 −2𝑎
2
𝐵 = 1 + 𝑎 1 + 𝑎2
2𝑎 1−𝑎
2

[1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 ]
1 − 𝑎2 −2𝑎
IM
1 𝑎 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2
∴ (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝐵 = [ ]
−𝑎 1 2𝑎 1 − 𝑎2
[1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 ]
1 − 𝑎2 −2𝑎2 −2𝑎 𝑎(1 − 𝑎2 )
2
+ +
= 1+𝑎 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2
2) 2
−𝑎(1 − 𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 1 − 𝑎2
[ 1 + 𝑎2 + +
1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 ]
1 −𝑎
=[ ]=𝐼+𝐴
𝑎 1
15.
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0 cos⁡(−𝛼) −sin⁡(−𝛼) 0
(a) 𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(−𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] [ sin⁡(−𝛼) cos⁡(−𝛼) 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0 cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼 0
𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(−𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] [−sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1

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cos2 ⁡ 𝛼 + sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 + 0 cos⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛼 − cos⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛼 + 0 0+0+0

= [sin⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛼 + 0 sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝛼 + 0 0 + 0 + 0]
0+0+0 0+0+0 0+0+1
1 0 0
= [0 1 0] = 𝐼 [∵ cos 2 ⁡ 𝛼 + sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 = 1]
0 0 1
F(𝛼) ⋅ F(−𝛼) = 1 ∴ [F(𝛼)]−1 = F(−𝛼)
EXERCISE - 4
1. (1) Given matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 with 2 × 2 order.
Then, 𝐴2 = 𝐴 and 𝐵 2 = 𝐵 and it is true for every 𝑚 and 𝑛. Therefore, equation 𝑛𝐴𝑛 + 𝑛𝐵 𝑚 = 𝐼 becomes
𝑛𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 = 𝐼, which gives 𝑚 = 𝑛 = 𝐼
Only one set possible.

S
−1 𝑎
2. (100) Given matrix is 𝐴 = [ ]
0 𝑏
−1 𝑎 −1 𝑎 1 −𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏
Now, 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 𝑏 0 𝑏 0 𝑏2
We have, 𝑇𝑛 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑆; 𝐴𝑛(𝑛+1) = I}.
For 𝐴2 = I, 𝑏 𝑛 must be equal to 1 and −𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 must be equal to 0 . For 𝑏 = 1 and (−𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏) = 0, 𝑎 can
be any value from 1 to 100 .
∴ Total number of common element will be 100 .
3.
C 2 −1 −1
(17) 𝐴 = [1 0 −1] ⇒ 𝐴2 = 𝐴 ⇒ 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴
1 −1 0
∀𝐧 ∈ {1,2, … ,100}
1 −1 −1
Now, 𝐵 = 𝐴 − 𝐼 = [1 −1 −1]
1 −1 −1
B2 = −B
⇒ B3 = −B2 = B
IM
⇒ B5 = B
⇒ B99 = B
Also; 𝜔3k = 1
So, 𝑛 = common of {1,3,5, … ,99} and
{3,6,9, … ,99} = 17
1 𝑎 𝑎
4. (24)Given a matrix 𝐴 = [0 1 𝑏 ]
0 0 1
Now, split the matrix in identity and square matrix
1 0 0 0 𝑎 𝑎
𝐴 = [0 1 0] + [0 0 𝑏 ] = 𝐼 + 𝐵
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 𝑎 𝑎 0 𝑎 𝑎 0 0 𝑎𝑏
2
𝐵 = [0 0 𝑏 ] [0 0 𝑏 ] = [0 0 0 ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B3 = 0

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Now, take power n both sides to the expansion A = I + B. 𝐴𝑛 = (1 + 𝐵)𝑛 = 𝑛 𝐶0 𝐼 + 𝑛

𝐶1 𝐵 +
𝑛(n−1)ab
1 0 0 0 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑎 0 0
𝑛 2
𝐶2 𝐵 2 + 𝑛 𝐶3 𝐵 3 + ⋯. = [0 1 0] + [0 0 𝑛𝑏 ] + [0 0 0 ]=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝑛(n−1)
1 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 1 48 2160
2
[0 1 𝑛𝑏 ] = [0 1 48 ]
0 0 1 0 0 1
Now, compare the elements, then na = 48nb = 96
𝑛(n−1)
Also, 𝑛𝑎 + 2 𝑎𝑏 = 2160
a = 4, n = 12 and b = 8
Therefore n + a + b = 24

S
5.
0 −𝛼 2
(1) 𝑀 = [ ] ; 𝑀2 [−𝛼 0 ] = −𝛼 2 𝐼
𝛼 0 0 −𝛼 2
𝑁 = 𝑀 + 𝑀 + ⋯ . . . +𝑀 = [−𝛼 2 + 𝛼 4 − 𝛼 6 + ⋯ . ]𝐼
2 4 98

2
(1 − (−𝛼 2 )49 )
= −𝛼 𝐼
1 + 𝛼2
𝐼 − 𝑀2 = (1 + 𝛼 2 )𝐼
(𝐼 − 𝑀2 )𝑁 = −𝛼 2 (𝛼 98 + 1) = −2 ⇒ 𝛼 = 1
C =[ 3𝑎 2 2
𝑏 − 𝑎 2 2
𝑏
2
(2) A2 = A ⋅ A = [ 𝑎𝑏2 𝑏 ] [ 𝑎𝑏2 𝑏 ]
−𝑎 −𝑎𝑏 −𝑎 −𝑎𝑏
𝑎𝑏 3 − 𝑎𝑏 3 ] = 0
−𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑎3 𝑏 −𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2
Now, A3 = A. A2 = 0 and A𝑛 = 0, for all 𝑛 ≥ 2.
Hence, minimum value of 𝑛 is 2 .
4 2 2
2

7. (5) Given that 10𝐵 = [−5 0 𝛼 ]

1 −2 3
1 4 2 2
IM
⇒𝐵= [−5 0 𝛼 ]
10
1 −2 3
Also since, 𝐵 = 𝐴−1 ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼
1 1 −1 1 4 2 2 1 0 0
⇒ [2 1 −3] [−5 0 𝛼 ] = [0 1 0]
10
1 1 1 1 −2 3 0 0 1
1 10 0 5 − 𝛼 1 0 0
⇒ [ 0 10 −5 + 𝛼 ] = [0 1 0]
10
0 0 5+𝛼 0 0 1
5−𝛼
⇒ =0⇒𝛼=5
10
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑔
8. (198) [𝑑 𝑒 𝑓] [𝑏 𝑒 ℎ ]
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑐 𝑓 𝑖
Sum of diagonal elements,
𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 + 𝑒 2 + 𝑓 2 + 𝑔2 + ℎ2 + 𝑖 2 = 5
Case - I: Five (1's) and four (0's)

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9
C5 = 126
Case - II: One (2) and one (1)
9
C2 = 2! = 72
∴ Total = 198
9. (10)
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
(10) 𝑃2 = [3 1 0] [3 1 0] = [ 6 1 0]
9 3 1 9 3 1 27 6 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ 𝑃4 = [ 6 1 0] [ 6 1 0] = [12 1 0]
27 6 1 27 6 1 90 12 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ 𝑃5 = [12 1 0] [3 1 0] = [ 15 1 0]

S
90 12 1 9 3 1 135 15 1
∵ 𝑄 − 𝑃5 = 𝐼3
2 0 0
5
∴ 𝑄 = 𝐼3 + 𝑃 = [ 15 2 0]
135 15 2
𝑞21 + 𝑞31 15 + 135
= = 10
𝑞32 15
𝑥 1
10. (5) A = [ ]
1 0
C ⇒ A2 = [
𝑥 1 𝑥 1

∴ 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 2 = 2.
][
1 0 1 0

𝑎11 𝑎12 a13

2
] = [𝑥 + 1 𝑥]

11. (282) A = [a21 a22 a23 ] aij ∈ {0,1}

a31 a32 a33
𝑥 1
∵ A2 is the unit matrix ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0

∑aij = 2,3,5,7
Total matrices = 9 C2 + 9 C3 + 9 C5 + 9 C7 = 282
IM
𝛽+1 0
12. (2) Now 𝐴 + 𝐵 = [ ]
3 𝛼
𝛽+1 0 𝛽+1 0
⇒ (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = [ ][ ]
3 𝛼 3 𝛼
(𝛽 + 1)2 0
=[ ]
3(𝛽 + 1) + 3𝛼 𝛼 2
1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 − 𝛼
Now 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
2 𝛼 2 𝛼 2 + 2𝛼 𝛼 2 − 2
2
1 −𝛼 + 1 (𝛽 + 1) 0
∴[ ]=[ ]
2𝛼 + 4 𝛼2 3(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 1) 𝛼 2
⇒ 𝛼 = 1 = 𝛼1
𝛽 1 𝛽 1 𝛽2 + 1 𝛽
Now 𝐵 2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
1 0 1 0 𝛽 1
(𝛽 + 1)2 0
=[ ]
3(𝛽 + 1) + 3𝛼 𝛼 2
∴ 𝛽 = 0, 𝛼 = −1 = 𝛼2

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∴ |𝛼1 − 𝛼2 | = |1 − (−1)| = 2
1 2
13. (20) Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5I and A = [ ]
4 −3
𝑓(A) = A2 + 4A − 5I
1 2 1 2 9 −4
Now, 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
4 −3 4 −3 −8 17
1 2 4 8
4A = 4 [ ]=[ ]
4 −3 16 −12
1 0 5 0
and 5𝐼 = 5 [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 5
9 −4 4 8 5 0 8 4
⇒ 𝑓(A) = [ ]+[ ]−[ ]=[ ]
−8 17 16 −12 0 5 8 0
∴ Sum of all elements of 𝑓(A) = 8 + 4 + 8 + 0 = 20
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
14. (6) 𝐴 = [ ]

S
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
cos⁡ 2𝛼 −sin⁡ 2𝛼
=[ ]
sin⁡ 2𝛼 cos⁡ 2𝛼
cos⁡ 4𝛼 −sin⁡ 4𝛼
Similarly, 𝐴4 = 𝐴2 ⋅ 𝐴2 = [ ]
sin⁡ 4𝛼 cos⁡ 4𝛼
cos⁡ 32𝛼 −sin⁡ 32𝛼 0 −1
and so on 𝐴32 = [ ]=[ ]
sin⁡ 32𝛼 cos⁡ 32𝛼 1 0
C Then sin⁡ 32𝛼 = 1 and cos⁡ 32𝛼 = 0

𝛼=
𝑛𝜋
32
𝜋
𝜋

Put 𝑛 = 0, 𝛼 = 64 = 26
𝜋
32𝛼 = n𝜋 + (−1)n 2 and 32𝛼 = 2𝑛𝜋 + 2
+ (−1)𝑛 64 and 𝛼 =
𝜋

𝜋
𝑛𝜋
16

𝜋
𝜋
𝜋

+ 64 where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍.

Then, the value of 𝛼 is 26 = 2𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘 = 6

IM

Created By : Varun Sir IMCS-Institute Of Math & Physics Mob : +91-7827852724