Comprehensive Guide to Printmaking Methods

Table of Printmaking Methods in Chronological Order

1
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Woodcut
China c. 220 Unknown • • Krishna • Albrecht
CE Chinese Carv- Reddy• Dürer (Four
artisans ing Haren Das• Horsemen of
away Chittaprosad the
nega- Bhat- Apocalypse)•
tive tacharya• Katsushika
space Mukul Dey• Hokusai (The
from Somnath Great Wave
a Hore off
wooden Kanagawa)•
block• Frans
Ap- Masereel
ply- (Passionate
ing Journey)•
ink Käthe
to Kollwitz (War
raised series)• Félix
sur- Vallotton
face• (Intimités)
Press-
ing
pa-
per
against
inked
sur-
face•
Us-
ing
mul-
tiple
blocks
for
color
prints•
Cre-
ating
tex-
ture
through
var-
ied
cut-
ting
2tech-
niques
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Rubbing
China c. 400 Unknown • • Ram • Max Ernst
CE Chinese Plac- Kumar• (Histoire
artisans ing Jyoti Bhatt• Naturelle)•
pa- K.G. Subra- Jasper Johns
per manyan• (Skin)•
over Anupam Nancy Spero
a Sud• Rini (Codex
carved Dhumal Artaud)•
sur- Robert
face• Rauschenberg
Rub- (Automobile
bing Tire Print)•
with Susan
ink Rothenberg
or (Horse series
graphite• rubbings)
Cap-
tur-
ing
raised
de-
tails
as
dark
ar-
eas•
Us-
ing
vary-
ing
pres-
sure
for
dif-
fer-
ent
tones•
Al-
low-
ing
tex-
tural
de-
tails
3to
emerge
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Relief East c. 700 Unknown • • Laxma • Albrecht
Print- Asia CE East Asian Cre- Goud• Dürer
ing craftsmen ating Anand Moy (Rhinoceros)•
raised Banerji• Edward
im- Sanat Kar• Munch (The
age Chittaprosad Scream
ar- Bhat- woodcut)•
eas• tacharya• Paul Gauguin
Ap- T.K. (Noa Noa
ply- Sabapathy series)• Ernst
ing Ludwig
ink Kirchner
to (Street
raised Scene)•
sur- Leonard
faces• Baskin (Bird
Us- Man)
ing
pres-
sure
to
trans-
fer
to
pa-
per•
Cre-
ating
tex-
ture
through
var-
ied
cut-
ting•
Work-
ing
in re-
verse/mirror
im-
age

4
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Block India c. 900 Unknown • • Biren De• • William
Print- CE Indian Carv- Jyoti Bhatt• Morris
ing textile ing Jagdish (Strawberry
artisans de- Mittal• Thief )•
signs Madhvi Lucienne Day
into Parekh• K.G. (Calyx)•
wooden Subramanyan Raoul Dufy
blocks• (La Pêche
Dip- textile
ping design)•
blocks Sonia
into Delaunay
dye• (Simultaneous
Stamp- Contrasts)•
ing Anni Albers
fab- (With
ric Verticals)
with
carved
blocks•
Cre-
ating
pat-
terns
through
repe-
ti-
tion•
Us-
ing
mul-
tiple
blocks
for
dif-
fer-
ent
col-
ors

5
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Movable
China c. 1040 Bi Sheng • • Gulam • Johannes
Type CE Cre- Mohammed Gutenberg
ating Sheikh• (Gutenberg
indi- Paramjit Bible)•
vid- Singh• William
ual Nilima Caxton (The
let- Sheikh• Canterbury
ter Akbar Tales)•
blocks•Padamsee• William
Ar- Atul Dodiya Caslon
rang- (Typography
ing specimens)•
blocks Aldus
to Manutius
form (Hypnero-
text• tomachia
Ink- Poliphili)•
ing Claude
the Garamond
as- (Garamond
sem- typeface)
bled
form•
Press-
ing
pa-
per
against
the
form•
Dis-
as-
sem-
bling
for
reuse

6
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Intaglio
Germany
c. 1430s Unknown • • Krishna • Albrecht
German Incis- Reddy• Jyoti Dürer
goldsmiths ing Bhatt• (Melencolia
lines Anupam I )•
into Sud• Laxma Rembrandt
metal Goud• van Rijn
plates• Zarina (Hundred
Ap- Hashmi Guilder
ply- Print)•
ing Francisco
ink Goya (Los
to re- Caprichos)•
cessed Giovanni
ar- Battista
eas• Piranesi
Wip- (Carceri)•
ing Mary Cassatt
sur- (The Bath)
face
clean•
Press-
ing
pa-
per
into
grooves
with
pres-
sure•
Re-
sult-
ing
in
raised
ink
lines
on
pa-
per

7
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Etching
Germany
c. 1500 Daniel • • Krishna • Rembrandt
Hopfer Coat- Reddy• Jyoti van Rijn
ing Bhatt• (Three
metal Anupam Crosses)•
plate Sud• Francisco
with Paramjit Goya (The
acid- Singh• Disasters of
resistantZarina War)• James
ground•Hashmi Abbott
Draw- McNeill
ing Whistler
through (Thames
ground Set)• Käthe
to Kollwitz
ex- (Death
pose series)•
metal• Louise
Im- Bourgeois
mers- (Anatomy
ing series)
in
acid
bath
to
bite
lines•
Re-
mov-
ing
ground
and
ink-
ing
plate•
Print-
ing
with
pres-
sure
on
damp-
ened
pa-
per
8
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Drypoint
Germany
c. 1520 Albrecht • Di- • Lalitha • Albrecht
Dürer rectly Lajmi• Dürer (Knight,
incis- Kanchan Death and the
ing Chander• Devil)•
lines Kavita Shah• Rembrandt
into Pratima van Rijn
metal Puri• (Christ
plate• Shaleen Presented to
Cre- Wadhwana the People)•
ating Mary Cassatt
burrs (The Fitting)•
that Pablo Picasso
hold (Portrait of
extra Vollard)•
ink• Edward
Ap- Hopper (Night
ply- Shadows)
ing
ink
to
en-
tire
plate•
Wip-
ing
sur-
face
while
leav-
ing
ink
in
grooves•
Print-
ing
with
damp-
ened
pa-
per
and
pres-
sure

9
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Mezzotint
Germany
1642 Ludwig • • Jyoti • Ludwig von
von Siegen Rough- Bhatt• Siegen
en- Krishna (Amelia
ing Reddy• Elizabeth of
en- Anupam Hesse)•
tire Sud• Sanat Prince Rupert
metal Kar• Kavita (Great
plate Shah Executioner)•
with Valentine
rocker• Green (Ozias
Scrap- Humphry)•
ing John Martin
and (Paradise Lost
bur- illustrations)•
nish- Yozo
ing Hamaguchi
to (Apple and
cre- Butterfly)
ate
lighter
ar-
eas•
Ink-
ing
en-
tire
plate•
Wip-
ing
sur-
face
clean•
Print-
ing
with
pres-
sure
on
damp-
ened
pa-
per

10
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Aquatint
Netherlands
1650s Jan van de • • Krishna • Francisco
Velde IV Dust- Reddy• Jyoti Goya (Los
ing Bhatt• Caprichos)•
rosin Anupam Giovanni
parti- Sud• Laxma Battista
cles Goud• Piranesi
on Devraj (Vedute di
metal Dakoji Roma)• Mary
plate• Cassatt
Heat- (Woman
ing Bathing)•
to Pablo Picasso
ad- (Suite
here Vollard)•
parti- David
cles Hockney (A
to Rake’s
plate• Progress)
Im-
mers-
ing
in
acid
to
cre-
ate
tone
around
parti-
cles•
Cre-
ating
vary-
ing
tones
with
staged
acid
baths•
Print-
ing
with
pres-
sure
11on
damp-
ened
pa-
per
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Lithography
Germany
1796 Alois • • M.F. • Henri de
Senefelder Draw- Husain• S.H. Toulouse-
ing Raza• K.G. Lautrec
on Subra- (Moulin Rouge
lime- manyan• posters)•
stone Jyoti Bhatt• Francisco
with Laxma Goud Goya (The
greasy Bulls of
ma- Bordeaux)•
teri- Honoré
als• Daumier (Les
Chem- Gens de
ically Justice)•
treat- Pablo Picasso
ing (Le Taureau)•
sur- Käthe
face Kollwitz (The
to Weavers)
hold
wa-
ter•
Ap-
ply-
ing
oil-
based
ink
that
ad-
heres
to
greasy
ar-
eas•
Press-
ing
pa-
per
against
stone•
Al-
low-
ing
di-
12rect
draw-
ing
tech-
nique
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Chromolithography
France 1837 Godefroy • • Raja Ravi • Jules
Engel- Cre- Varma• M.V. Chéret
mann ating Dhurandhar• (Poster Art)•
sepa- Balkrishna Alphonse
rate Sharma• Mucha (Art
stones Baburao Nouveau
for Painter• posters)•
each Dinanath Louis Prang
color• Dalal (Christmas
Draw- Cards)•
ing Currier & Ives
each (American
color landscapes)•
on Henri de
sepa- Toulouse-
rate Lautrec
stones• (Posters)
Print-
ing
col-
ors
in se-
quence•
Achiev-
ing
regis-
tra-
tion
be-
tween
col-
ors•
Build-
ing
im-
ages
through
color
layer-
ing

13
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Cyanotype
England1842 Sir John • • Gauri Gill• • Anna
Herschel Coat- Cop Shiva• Atkins
ing Dayanita (British
pa- Singh• Algae)• Man
per Bharat Ray
with Sikka• Vivan (Rayographs)•
iron Sundaram Robert
salts Rauschenberg
solu- (Blueprints)•
tion• Christian
Plac- Marclay
ing (Cyanotypes)•
ob- Susan Derges
jects/negatives (River Taw
on series)
sensi-
tized
pa-
per•
Ex-
pos-
ing
to
UV
light•
Wash-
ing
in
wa-
ter
to
de-
velop
blue
im-
age•
Cre-
ating
dis-
tinc-
tive
blue
prints

14
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Collotype
France 1855 Alphonse • • Jyoti • Alfred
Louis Coat- Bhatt• Stieglitz
Poitevin ing Raghubir (Camera
glass Singh• Work)•
plate Dayanita Edward
with Singh• Curtis (The
gelatin Bharat North
and Sikka• Pablo American
dichro- Bartholomew Indian)•
mate• Peter Henry
Ex- Emerson (Life
pos- and
ing Landscape)•
to Hans Bellmer
light (La Poupée)•
through Albert Renger-
nega- Patzsch (Die
tive• Welt ist schön)
De-
vel-
op-
ing
in
wa-
ter•
Ink-
ing
hard-
ened
gelatin
ar-
eas•
Print-
ing
with
light
pres-
sure

15
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Photogravure
England1879 Karel Klíč • • Dayanita • Alfred
Cre- Singh• Stieglitz
ating Raghu Rai• (Camera
car- Raghubir Work)•
bon Singh• Gauri Edward S.
tis- Gill• Pablo Curtis (The
sue Bartholomew North
with American
gelatin• Indian)• Paul
Ex- Strand (Wall
pos- Street)•
ing Edward
tis- Steichen (The
sue Pond—
through Moonlight)•
pho- Karl
to- Blossfeldt
graphic (Urformen der
nega- Kunst)
tive•
Trans-
fer-
ring
tis-
sue
to
cop-
per
plate•
Etch-
ing
plate
with
ferric
chlo-
ride•
Print-
ing
in-
taglio
with
damp-
ened
pa-
16per
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Relief England1880s William • • Haren • William
Etch- Blake Coat- Das• Blake (Songs
ing ing Somnath of Innocence)•
metal Hore• Stanley
plate Chittaprosad William
with Bhat- Hayter
acid- tacharya• (Combat)•
resistantK.G. Subra- Leonard
ground•manyan• Baskin
Draw- Jogen (Holocaust
ing Chowdhury series)•
de- Naoko
sign Matsubara
to be (Mountain
printed• series)• Carol
Etch- Summers
ing (Moonlight)
away
nega-
tive
space•
Cre-
ating
raised
print-
ing
sur-
face•
Print-
ing
like
relief
wood-
cut

17
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Woodcut
England1890s William • • Nandalal • William
Re- Morris Re- Bose• Mukul Morris
vival viv- Dey• Benode (Kelmscott
ing Behari Press books)•
tradi- Mukherjee• Eric Gill
tional Ramkinkar (Four
wood- Baij• Haren Gospels)•
cut Das Edward
tech- Gordon Craig
niques• (Black
Em- Figures)•
pha- Ernst Ludwig
siz- Kirchner
ing (Street
crafts- Scene)• Félix
man- Vallotton
ship (Intimités)
in de-
sign•
Cre-
ating
de-
tailed,
ex-
pres-
sive
im-
agery•
Us-
ing
mul-
tiple
blocks
for
color•
Ap-
ply-
ing
Japanese
influ-
ences

18
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Linocut
Germany
c. 1900 Franz • • Somnath • Pablo
Čižek Carv- Hore• Haren Picasso (Buste
ing Das• de Femme au
de- Chittaprosad Chapeau)•
sign Bhat- Henri Matisse
into tacharya• (Jazz)•
linoleumNandalal Claude Flight
block• Bose• (Speed)• Cyril
Cre- Laxman Pai Power (The
ating Tube Train)•
raised Elizabeth
print- Catlett (I Am
ing the Black
sur- Woman)
face•
Ap-
ply-
ing
ink
with
brayer•
Print-
ing
by
hand
or
press•
Us-
ing
mul-
tiple
blocks
for
color

19
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Serigraphy/Screen
China/Japan
Early Selective • • M.F. • Andy
Print- 1900s Service in Stretch-Husain• K.G. Warhol
ing (mod- WWI; pop- ing Subra- (Marilyn
ern ularized by mesh manyan• Monroe)• Roy
form) Guy screen Laxma Lichtenstein
MacCoy on Goud• Jyoti (Drowning
frame• Bhatt• Amit Girl)• Robert
Block- Ambalal Rauschenberg
ing (Retroactive
areas I )• Sister
with Corita Kent
sten- (Power Up)•
cil/emulsion• Eduardo
Forc- Paolozzi (As
ing Is When)
ink
through
open
mesh
ar-
eas•
Cre-
ating
flat,
opaque
color
ar-
eas•
Print-
ing
mul-
tiple
col-
ors
with
dif-
fer-
ent
screens

20
 Notable
Founding Notable Western
MethodOrigin Year Founders/Pioneers
Process Indian Artists Artists
Monotype
Italy 17th Giovanni
century Benedetto
(popu-
larized
late
19th
cen-
tury)

21