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2.2 System Software

System software includes programs that maintain or operate computer systems, such as operating systems, device drivers, translators, and linkers. Operating systems manage hardware and perform tasks like memory allocation and user security, while device drivers enable communication between the OS and hardware. Translators, including compilers and interpreters, convert high-level programming languages into machine code, and linkers combine object files into a single executable file.

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50 views22 pages

2.2 System Software

System software includes programs that maintain or operate computer systems, such as operating systems, device drivers, translators, and linkers. Operating systems manage hardware and perform tasks like memory allocation and user security, while device drivers enable communication between the OS and hardware. Translators, including compilers and interpreters, convert high-level programming languages into machine code, and linkers combine object files into a single executable file.

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SYSTEM SOFTWARE

System software
✔Programs that are designed
to maintain or operate the
computer system.

✔software needed to operate


a computer system
Operating systems

Device Drivers

Translators

Linkers
Operating systems
Operating systems
✔operating system manages the
hardware within a computer system.
✔When a computer is turned on and
after the Basic Input/Output System
(BIOS) has loaded, the operating
system is the first piece of software
that will load.
An operating system manages hardware by carrying out tasks
such as:
• allocating memory to software
• sending data and instructions to output devices
• responding to input devices such as when a key is pressed
• opening and closing files on storage devices
• giving each running task a fair share of processor time
• sending error messages or status messages to applications or
users
• dealing with user logons and security.
Device Drivers
Device Drivers
✔ . A device driver is the software that comes with an external
hardware component and sends customised instructions to
that specific component.
✔ A device driver is a small program that enables the operating
system (OS) and application software to communicate with a
hardware device.
Translators
Translators
✔ translator translates a program written in a high level
programming language into machine code that a
computer can understand
Compilers
✔ A compiler is a translator which creates a file
containing the machine code known as an executable
file
✔ It can also be referred to as the object file.
✔ The original high-level programming language file is
known as the source file.
The compilation process includes three stages:

✔ lexical analysis
✔ syntax analysis
✔ code generation
For example, in Python, the following code displays a value to
the screen

print("Hello" + forename);
The tokens would be:

• print (keyword) •+ (operator)


•( (symbol) • forename (identifier)
•“ (symbol) •) (symbol)
•" (symbol) •; (symbol)
Interpreters
✔Interpreters also translate a program written in a high-level
programming language into machine code
✔Instead of translating the whole source code at once, it is
translated one line at a time
✔translates and executes a high-level programming language
one line at a time
✔Interpreters are often used to translate macros or
application-based script languages
Linkers
Linkers
✔Computer programs often consist of several modules (parts)
of programming code.
✔Each module carries out a specified task within the program.
Each module will have been compiled into a separate object
file.
✔The function of a linker (also known as a link editor) is to
combine the object files together to form a single executable
file.

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