1. DOCTRINA CRISTIANA - the first book written in the Philippines.

2. PEDRO BUKANEG - the Father of Ilocano Literature.

3. FRANCISCO BALTAZAR - the Father of Tagalog Poetry.

4. LOLA BASYANG is the pen name of Severino Reyes.

5. KENKOY - the first and longest-running komiks series in the Philippines.

6. JUAN CRISOSTOMO SOTO - the Father of Pampango Literature.

7. MANILA BULLETIN - the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines since 1900

8. ALEJANDRO ABADILLA - the Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry.

9. He wrote the popular fable The Monkey and the Turtle - JOSE RIZAL

10. This is known as Andres Bonifacio's Ten Commandments of the Katipunan - THE DECALOGUE.

11. Rizal's model for Pilosopong Tasyo was PACIANO RIZAL.

12. Rizal's pen name - DIMASALANG, LAONG-LAAN

13. Taga-ilog - JUAN LUNA's Pen name.

14. The first filipino alphabet was called ALIBATA/BAYBAYIN

15. the first filipino alphabet consisted of 15 LETTERS

16. He was known for his Memoria Fotografica - JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN

17. AMADO HERNANDEZ - He is known as the poet of the workers or laborers

18. Ilocano balagtasan is called BUKANEGAN

19. MARAGTAS - Visayan epic about good manners and right conduct

20. PASCUAL POBLETE - the father of Filipino newspaper

21. PANDEREGLA - first Filipino bread

22. The Great Plebian: Andres Bonifacio

23. WILHELM WUNDT-father of psychology

24. SIGMUND FREUD-father of psychoanalysis, and psychosexual theory/Father of Modern Psychology

25. JOHANN HEINRICH-father of education and pedagogy

26. IVAN PAVLOV-classical conditioning

27. BURRHUS F. SKINNER-operant conditioning.

28. DAVID AUSUBEL-meaningful learning

29. JEROME BRUNER-discovery learning, spiral curriculum

31. EDWARD LEE THORNDIKE-law of readiness and exercises

32. KURT LEVIN-life space content.

33. KOHLER-problem solving by insight, insightful learning

34. URIE BROFENBRENNER- ecological theory

35. SANDRA BEM-gender schema theory

36. HOWARD GARDNER-theory of multiple intelligence

37. ELLIOT TURRIEL-Social domain theory

38. LAWRENCE KOHLBERG-moral development theory

39. ROBERT STERNBERG-triathlon theory intelligence

40. ERIK ERIKSON-psychosocial¬ development theory

41. MA. MONTESSORI-transfer of learning, kindergarten preparation of children.

42. EDWARD PAUL TORRANCE-creative problem solving

43. CHOMSKY-linguistic acquisition theory

44. JEAN PIAGET-cognitive learning theory

45. JOHN WATSON-behavioral theory

46. EDWARD TOLMAN-purpose behaviorism

47. BERNARD WEINER-attribution theory

48. DANIEL GOLEMAN-emotional intelligence.

49. TITCHENER- structuralism psychology

50. ROBERT GAGNE -the sequence of instruction

51. ABRAHAM MASLOW - hierarchy of needs, motivation theory

52. BENJAMIN BLOOM - bloom's cognitive taxonomy

53. DAVID KRATHWOHL - affective domain

54. LEV VYGOTSKY - socio-cultural theory of cognitive devt , linguistic theory, Scaffolding

55. JOHN LOCKE - tabularasa , empiricism

56. CHARLES COOLEY - looking glass self-theory

57. JOHN FLAVEL - metacognition

58. ARNOLD GESELL - maturation theory

60. DAVID FROEBEL - Father of kindergarten

61. AUGUSTE COMTE - Father of Sociology.

62. JOHN AMOS COMENIUS - Fr. of modern education. Elements of Morality

GEOFFREY CHAUCER - “Morning Star of English Literature”

JOSE GARCIA VILLA – Comma Poet

EDGAR ALLAN POE – Annabele

MARY ANN EVANS – Middle March

BIENVENIDO SANTOS – Asian – American writer

VEDAS – oldest literature in India

COMMUNITY LANGUAGE APPROACH – affective based

TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE – designer method that relies on the dramatic/ theatrical

NATURAL APPROACH/ DIRECT METHOD

CLT (COMMUNICATIVE LANGUANGE TEACHING) – main goal is accuracy and fluency

ACCENT – how different the phonology of an individual’s speech

CONVERSION/ ZERO DERIVATION

EX: The mistress who won the pageant is genius.

The mistress is genius, who won the pageant.

PRAGMATICS – people used language in context

SEMANTICS – use language to make sense or meaning of experience

HETERONOMY – idea of the words meaning depends on the context

POLYSEMY – word can have many meaning

HOLONYMY – sounds like but different meaning

IMPLICIT PERFORMANCE- utterance; words come out from your mouth and also performing

- not directly in your utterance

Ex: I APOLOGIZE / SORRY

DIRECT ILLOCUTIONARY – intension

INDIRECT ILLOCUTIONARY
; ( semi colon ) – to clarify

: ( colon) – to introduce a phrase

_ (M dash) – to separate extra information

FINAL GIRL – latest word to the OED ( OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY)

GERUND – use as a noun (ING)

INFINITIVE – to + base form of the verb

EX: to dance, to sing

POETRY

- form of art in which language is used its evocative and aesthetic qualities

- latin word ‘poeta’ means “poet”

Selling language itself as music

PROSE

- most general form of written language that is not used for formal patterns of verse.

- came from Latin term mean “ straight forward”

- primary goal share information

- dull, simple and common, no structure

TYPES OF PROSE

A. NOVELS
- long narrative divided into chapters or events that taken from the true-to-life stories.
Ex. WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN by Stevan Javellana
B. SHORT STORY
- narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one singular impression
Ex: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER by Carlos Bulosan
C. PLAYS
- Presented on a stage
Ex; Thirteen Plays by Wilfredo M. Guerrero
D. LEGENDS
- fictitious narratives, usually about origin
Ex: THE BIKOL LEGEND by Pio Duran
E. FABLES
- Fictitious and deal with animals and inanimate things who speak like people
Ex; THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE
F. ANECDOTES
- merely products of the writer imagination and main aim is to bring out lessons to the reader
EX: THE MONTH AND THE LAMP
G. ESSAY
- expresses viewpoint or opinion
H. BIOGRAPHY
- life of a person about himself or his autobiography
I. NEWS
- Report of everyday events in society, government, science, industry
 J. ORATION
- formal treatment subject is intended to be speak in public

B. TYPES OF POETRY

1. NARRATIVE POETRY
- describes important events in life
a. EPIC – extended narrative about heroic exploits
b. METRICAL TALE – written in verse and can be classified as a ballad or metrical romance
c. BALLADS – shortest and simplest, tells of a single incident

LYROC POETRY

- poetry that meant to be sung to the accompaniment of a lyre

1. FOLKSONGS – short songs that intended to be sung, common theme is love, despair, joy, grief

Ex: Chit-Chirit-Chit

SONNETS

- lyric poem of 14 lines dealing with an emotion, feeling or idea

3. ELEGY

- lyric poem expresses feelings of grief and melancholy, theme is death

4. ODE

- Poem of a noble feeling, expressed dignity with no definite number of syllables.

5. PSALMS

- song praising God

6. AWIT

- Measures of twelve syllables and slowly sung accompaniment of guitar

7. CORRIDOS

- measures of 8 syllables and recited to a martial beat.

C. DRAMATIC POETRY

1. COMEDY

- comedy from the Greek term “komos” meaning festivity or revelry.

- usually light and written with amusing purpose, with happy ending
2. MELODRAMA

- used in musical plays with the opera

3. TRAGEDY

- Involves hero struggling mightily against dynamic forces, meets death

4. FARCE

- exaggerated comedy

5. SOCIAL POEMS

- Purely comic or tragic and it pictures the life of today

LITERARY CRITICISM

- art or practice of judging and commenting on the qualities and character of literary works

CRITICAL APPROACHES TO LITERATURE

1. HISTORICAL/ BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH