Digital Image Processing
Assoc. Prof. Mina Ibrahim
Lecture 3
Digital Images
Alpha channel
Alpha channel
Alpha channel (compositing images)
1-bit Images
Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1), so also referred
to as binary image.
Such an image is also called a 1-bit monochrome image
since it contains no color. Also known as a bi-level image.
8-bit Gray Level Images
Each pixel has a gray-value between 0 and 255. Each pixel
is represented by a single byte; e.g., a dark pixel might have
a value of 10, and a bright one might be 230.
Each pixel is usually stored as a byte (a value between 0 to
255), so a 640 480 gray scale image requires 300 kB of
storage (640 * 480 = 307200).
8-bit color Images
Many systems can make use of 8 bits of color information
(the so-called "256 colors") in producing a screen image.
Such image files use the concept of a lookup table to store
color information.
Basically, the image stores not color, but instead just a set of
bytes, each of which is actually an index into a table with 3-
byte values (RGB) that specify the color for a pixel with that
lookup table index.
Color Look-up Tables (LUTs)
The idea used in 8-bit color images is to store only the index,
or code value, for each pixel. Then, e.g., if a pixel stores the
value 25, the meaning is to go to row index 25 in a color
look-up table (LUT).
24 Bit Color Images
In a color 24-bit image, each pixel is represented by three
bytes, usually representing RGB. Also known as Truecolor.
This format supports 256 * 256 * 256 possible combined
colors, or a total of 16,777,216 possible colors.
An important point: many 24-bit color images are actually
stored as 32-bit images, with the extra byte of data for each
pixel used to store an alpha value representing special
effect information (e.g., transparency).
24 Bit Color Images
24 Bit Color Images
24 Bit Color Images
Discrete image coordinate system
(0, 0) y
Origin
(8, 5)
(5, 2)
x
Image is represented as 2D array f (x, y)
Size width x height
Aspect Ratio
Aspect Ratios: Image aspect ratio refers to the width/height ratio of the
images, and plays an important role in standards.
Different applications require different aspect ratios. Some of the
commonly used aspect ratios for images are:
3:2 (when developing and printing photographs)
4:3 (television images)
16:9 (high-definition images)
47:20 (anamorphic formats used in cinemas).
Aspect Ratio
3:2 4:3
16:9 47:20
Image File Sizes
For a 512 X 512 binary image
The number of bits used in this image
512 X 512 X 1 = 262,144 bit
= 32768 bytes
= 32 Kb
≈ 0.031 Mb
Image File Sizes
For a 512 X 512 Greyscale image
The number of bits used in this image
512 X 512 X 8 = 2,097,152 bits
= 262,144 bytes
= 256 Kb
= 0.25 Mb
Image File Sizes
For a 512 X 512 RGB image
The number of bits used in this image
512 X 512 X 8 X 3 = 6,291,456 bit
= 786,432 bytes
= 768 Kb
= 0.75 Mb
Spatial Resolution
Spatial resolution is the density of pixels
over the image, the greater the spatial
resolution, the more pixels are used to
display the image.
In other words it is the amount of pixels
with respect to the size of the image by
inches.
Resolution of digital still camera is
represented by the total number of
pixels in the largest image it can
recorded.
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Bitmap Image File Format (for reading)
