Unit 2

Manufacturing packaging, and transporting items within 2. **Strategies of Warehousing and

a facility. Store Keeping**
1. Manufacturing Scheduling
- Data Collection and Monitoring: There are several strategies for
Manufacturing scheduling is the Automated systems track production managing warehousing and store keeping
process of planning and organizing metrics (e.g., machine run-time, defect to improve efficiency:
production activities to ensure that rates) for better decision-making.
products are manufactured on time, with - **First-In, First-Out (FIFO)**: A
minimal waste and maximum efficiency. - Benefits: Automation speeds up strategy where the oldest stock is used
Scheduling involves: production, reduces human error, cuts first, reducing the risk of product
down on costs, and improves safety by expiration or obsolescence.
- Order Sequencing: Deciding in what keeping workers away from dangerous
order products should be made, often tasks. - **Last-In, First-Out (LIFO)**: Often
based on priority or due dates. used when newer inventory is easier to
4. Material Handling System Design and access or in scenarios where products do
- Capacity Planning: Ensuring that Decision not expire, like bulk materials.
machines and workers are available to
meet production targets. Material handling system design - **Just-In-Time (JIT)**: A strategy
involves planning how materials will where inventory is kept minimal, and
- Resource Allocation: Assigning move through a facility from start to new stock arrives just in time for
machines, tools, and personnel to finish. This includes: production or sales, reducing holding
specific tasks within a production shift. costs.
- Transportation Methods: Choosing
- Lead Time Management: Planning between forklifts, conveyor belts, cranes, - **Cross-Docking**: Products are
each step of the production process so or automated guided vehicles (AGVs) directly transferred from inbound to
that the overall production time aligns based on efficiency, cost, and space. outbound transport, minimizing or
with deadlines. eliminating storage time.
- Storage Solutions: Deciding where to
Good scheduling can reduce delays, store raw materials, in-process items, and - **Bulk Storage vs. Itemized Storage**:
balance workloads, and increase finished goods for easy access. Bulk storage is ideal for large quantities
productivity by making sure each of uniform items, while itemized storage
resource is used efficiently. - Layout Planning: Organizing the categorizes items by specific
physical space so materials can be characteristics, making it easier to locate
2. Manufacturing Flow System transported with minimal handling. diverse products.
The manufacturing flow system is the - Automation in Material Handling: 3. **Space Management**
organized movement of materials Utilizing automated conveyors or robotic
through each stage of production, from arms to move materials, reducing manual Space management in warehousing is
raw materials to finished goods. This handling time. about making the best use of available
system ensures a smooth flow of storage space to maximize efficiency and
materials to minimize bottlenecks and - Decision Factors: Cost, safety, ease of access. Key principles include:
interruptions. Key aspects include: efficiency, and space availability all play a
role in designing an effective material - **Vertical Storage**: Using vertical
- Assembly Line Layout**: Designing handling system. racks and shelves to maximize space
the physical setup so materials move without expanding the warehouse
logically from one stage to the next. Warehousing and Store Keeping footprint.

- Production Control Systems**: 1. **Warehousing and Store Keeping** - Aisle Layouts: Designing aisles wide
Monitoring the flow to make adjustments enough for forklifts or picking carts but
in real-time if delays occur. Warehousing involves the storage of not too wide to waste space.
goods, while store keeping refers to the
- Balanced Workflow**: Ensuring each management and organization of items - **Product Zoning**: Grouping similar
production stage is equally balanced so within a warehouse. Essential elements items together or setting up zones for
no one station becomes a bottleneck. include: high- and low-demand items to minimize
retrieval time.
- Pull vs. Push Systems: Deciding if - **Inventory Management**: Tracking
production should be based on demand items stored in the warehouse to know - **Storage Optimization Software**:
(pull system) or planned output (push what is in stock, when items need Using digital tools to monitor storage
system). replenishment, and where each item is space utilization and suggest more
located. efficient layouts.
3. Work-Flow Automation
- **Product Storage**: Ensuring items Good space management ensures that
Workflow automation involves using are stored in a way that protects them products are easily accessible, helps
technology to streamline repetitive tasks from damage and deterioration. maintain organization, and reduces
and reduce manual labor. In operational costs.
manufacturing, this includes: - **Security and Safety**:
Implementing security measures to
- Automated Machinery: Machines that prevent theft and safety practices to
can perform specific tasks without prevent accidents.
manual intervention, like assembling
parts or conducting quality checks. Effective warehousing ensures that goods
are available when needed and reduces
- Robotic Process Automation (RPA): waste and storage costs.
Robots that handle tasks like sorting,