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The document provides a comprehensive overview of matrices, including definitions, types, and properties such as row and column matrices, square matrices, and operations like addition, subtraction, and multiplication. It also discusses concepts like symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, the transpose of a matrix, and the existence of an inverse. Additionally, it outlines elementary operations on matrices and includes important questions for assessment.
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Empowering Educators BRISK LEARN/NG
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Empave
MATRICES
Top Terms
4
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
A matrix is an ordered rectangular array of numbers (real or complex) or functions or
names or any type of data. The numbers or functions are called the elements or the
entries of the matrix.
The horizontal lines of elements constitute the rows of the matrix and the vertical lines
of elements constitute the columns of the matrix.
Each number or entity in a matrix is called its element.
If a matrix contains m rows and n columns, then it is said to be a matrix of the order m x
n (read as m by n).
The total number of elements in a matrix is equal to the product of its number of rows
and number of columns.
A matrix is said to be a column matrix if it has only one column.
A= [ailmx1 matrix is said to be a row matrix if it has only one row.
A matrix is said to be a row matrix if it has only one row.
B = [bili xn is row matrix of order 1x n.
Rectangular matrix: A matrix in which the number of rows is not equal to the number of
columns is called a rectangular matrix.
A matrix each of whose elements is zero is called a zero matrix or null matrix.
A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number of columns is said to be a
square matrix. A matrix of order ‘m x n’ is said to be a square matrix if m= n and is known
as a square matrix of order ‘n’.
A square matrix which has every non—diagonal element as zero is called a diagonal
matrix.
Asquare matrix A = [ai]mxmis said to be a diagonal matrix if all its non-diagonal elements
are zero, i.€., a matrix A = [ailmxm is Said to be a diagonal matrix if aj = 0 when i #j.
(1) 15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
26.
27.
BRISK LEARN/NG
Asquare matrix in which the elements in the diagonal are all 1 and the rest are all zero is
az (i if i-i
" \o if izj
called an identity matrix. A square matrix A = [ayJn.n is an matrix if
A diagonal matrix is said to be a scalar matrix if its diagonal elements are equal, that is a
square matrix B = [bin xn is said to be a scaler matrix if by = 0 when i#j and by = k when
i =j for some constant k.
Upper triangular matrix: A square matrix A = [a\] is called an upper triangular matrix if aj
= 0 for all i > j. In an upper triangular matrix, all elements below the main diagonal are
zero.
Lower triangular matrix: A square matrix A = [a,] is called a lower triangular matrix if aj
=O forall i and
rA>
14. Properties of scalar multiplication of matrices
If A= [aj],
= [bj] are two matrices, and k and L are real number, then
i, K(A+B)=kA+kB
ii, (kK+IA=KA+IA
ili. k(A +B) = k([aj]+Lb3]) = Klas] + kl] = kA + kB
iv. (k+ LA = (k +L) [ail = [(k + Lag) = klag] + Lay] = kA + LA
15. If A= [ailmo, B = [bila are two matrices, then their product AB is given by C= [Cilmn
such that
qe Eas = AyDyy + AyDg; + AgDg; +... + BpDpj
In order to multiply two matrices A and B, the number of columns in A = number of rows
inB.
16. Properties of Matrix Multiplication
(4) Commutative law does not hold in matrices, whereas associative and distributive laws
hold for matrix multiplication.
. In general, AB # BA
i. Matrix multiplication is associative A(BC) = (AB)C
Distributive laws:
A(B+C) = AB+AC
(A+B)C=AC+BC
17.The multiplication of two non-zero matrices can result in a null matrix.
18.If A is a square matrix, then we define Al = A and A™?= A". A
19. If Ais a square matrix, ao, a1, a2, ..., an are constants, then agA" + aA? + aA"? +... + anaA
+ an is called a matrix polynomial.
20.If A, B and C are matrices, then AB = AC, A#0 > B=C.
In general, the cancellation law is not applicable in matrix multiplication.
21. Properties of transpose of matrices
i If Ais a matrix, then (AT)T=A
ii. (a+B)'=AT+ BT
iii, (kB)" = kB", where k is any constant.
22. If Aand B are two matrices such that AB exists, then (AB)" = BT A’.
23, If A, Band Care two matrices such that AB exists, then (ABC)' = CT BT AT.
24. Every square matrix can be expressed as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric
matrix, ie. A=> (A+ AT) +2(4 — A") for any square matrix A.
25. A square matrix A is called an orthogonal matrix when AAT = Al
26. Anull matrix is both symmetric and skew symmetric.
27. Multiplication of diagonal matrices of the same order will be commutative.
28. There are six elementary operations on matrices—three on rows and three on columns.
The first operation is interchanging the two rows, i.e., Ri + Rj implies that the i” row is
interchanged with the j'" row. The two rows are interchanged with one another and the
rest of the matrix remains the same.
29. The second operation on matrices is to multiply a row with a scalar or a real number,
(5) i.e., Rio kR; that i row of a matrix A is multiplied by k.
30. The third operation is the addition to the elements of any row, the corresponding
elements of any other row multiplied by any non-zero number, i.e., Ri > Ri + kRi k
multiples of the jt row elements are added to the i” row elements.
31, Column operation on matrices ar,
i. Interchanging the two columns: C, + Cx indicates that the r'” column is interchanged
with the k column.
ii, Multiply a column with a non-zero constant, i.e., C; > KC;
ili, Addition of a scalar multiple of any column to another column, i.e. Ci > G+ kG;
32. Elementary operations help in transforming a square matrix to an identity matrix.
33, The inverse of a square matrix, if it exists, is unique.
34, The inverse of a matrix can be obtained by applying elementary row operations on the
matrix A = 1A. In order to use column operations, write A = Al.
35. _ Either of the two operations—row or column—can be applied. Both cannot be applied
simultaneously.
36. For any square matrix A with real number entries, A + A’ is a symmetric matrix and A —
A’ is a skew- symmetric matrix.
Laws of algebra are not applicable to matrices, i.e.
(A+B)? # A? + 2AB + B?
and
(A+B) (A-B) # A?-B?
Top Formulae
1. Anim xn matrix is a square matrix if m =n.
2. A= [ai]
bi] = B if
(i) A and B are of the same order, (ii) a = by for all possible values of i and j.
3. kA = kfailmxn = [k(ay)]mxn
4, “A= (-1)A
(6) 5. A-B=A+(-1)B
6. IFA=[ailmxn and B= [bylaxp,then AB =C=[Cimxp,
n
where cx = )’ajby
jal
7. Elementary operations of a matrix are as follows:
i. Re ROrGeG
fi, Ri > kRi or CG > kC
iii, Ri > Ri + kRj or CG > C+ kG;
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Class : 12th Maths
Chapter-3: Matrices
£° Nina of order mon san ordered reclangilar arzayof number
ifAZja then is teanspose A (A¥yciaghen te
‘or functions having rows and columns The matrix
1
A=(2 1) then
a-()) etna ate
Also, (A= (k= Adlets
+ Ais symmetric marixif A=A' ie # Column mati tis ofthe form] [a1 as Jane
+ Row matrix: Itis ofthe form [aj
Ais any mats, then ; Gg Sure matin: Hee n= n(n. ores =n. ofclumns)
Aah((AEA)e(4 Alm eoeenecetat | Masti: All cow dipeal cues te sro 4 =i
(Seal) i= j
+ Scalar matrix:4, = 04 jand
Identity matrix:a, =i # jand a
SM Skew, SM.
Foregit
ROR orG oC,
IR, > kRorC, + KC,
R, > R+kROrC, 9c, +kC,
WE-B+A(A+B)+C=A+(B+C)-A=
(A+B) =KA+KB, kis scalar and
i(k +I)A=kA+IA, kand Lare constants.
Ais the inverse of B and vice-versa
inverse ofa square mattis, iit exists, s unique
(na v4
Foreg:IfA=|3. 4|thenafter Rye>R.A.becomes| 1 2
56 5 6
$A and Bare invertible matrices ofthe same order then (ABY'=
BA". By elementary transformations, we ca convert AIA to I
Teo
ota.
TEA=[1) 9 aNd B=[Pj]exp then AB=C=[Cipnxpr [Cu] S54 - Also;
A(BC}
ABBA (always).
=(AB)C, A(B+C)= AB+ AC and(A+B)C= AC+BC, but
(8) BRISK LEARN/NG
Important Questions
Multiple Choice questions-
1. If A= [aij]m«n is a square matrix, if;
(a)mn
(Qm=n
(d) None of these.
2. Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal:
3e+7 5 0 y-2
yt1 2-32]|8 4
a-lye
(a)x=-3y=7
(b) Not possible to find
2
(Qy=7,x=-3
(@)x=-
3. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is
(a) 27
(b) 18
(981
(a) 512.
Assume X, Y, Z, Wand P are matrices of order 2 « n, 3 x 1,2 x p,nx 3andpxk
respectively. Now answer the following (4-5):
4, The restrictions on n, k and p so that PY + WY will be defined are
(a)k=3,p=n
(b) kis arbitrary, p = 2
(9) BRISK LEARN/NG
eee smn
(©) pis arbitrary
(d)k=2,p=3.
5. Ifn =p, then the order of the matrix 7X - SZ is:
(a)px2
(b)2*n
(Qnx3
(d) pxn.
6. If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB - BAis a
(a) Skew-symmetric matrix
(b) Symmetric matrix
(©) Zero matrix
(d) Identity matrix.
7.
cosa — sina
IFA= then A+ A’=|,the value of ais
sin a cos @
x
@z
x
(bd);
(On
an
@>
8. Matrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if:
(a) AB=BA
(b) AB- BA=0
(c) AB=0, BA=1I
(d) AB=BA=1,
(10) BRISK LEARN/NG
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IFA
8 is such that A’ = |, then
a
(a) 1+07+8y=0
(b) 1-02 + Ry=0
(1-«?-Ry=0
(d)1+a?-Ry=0
10. If a matrix is both symmetric and skew- symmetric matrix, then:
(a) Aisa diagonal matrix
(b) Ais a zero matrix
(0) Aisa square matrix
(a) None of these.
Very Short Questions:
1. Ifa matrix has 8 elements, what are the possible orders it can have.
2. Identity matrix of orders n is denoted by.
3. Define square matrix
4, The no. of all possible metrics of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is
5. Write (1) a33, a12 (ii) what is its order
6. Two matrices A = aj and B = by are said to be equal if
7. Define Diagonal matrix.
8. Every diagonal element of a skew symmetric matrix is
[eosa -sina’]
9. If4=, | then A+4'= Find a
[sine cosa}
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a
10. 42), 2 | Find Ata!
6
Short Questions:
1, Write the element azs of a3 x 3 matrix A = [ay] whose elements atj are given by: —"
2. For what value of x is
Np
1 2 0] [0
{1 2 1J]2 0 1] J2}=07¢
10 2} (lz
3. Find a matrix A such that 2A - 3B + 5C = 0,
220). 0.[2 0 2
3.14) [71 6
.,_ ( cosa—sina
4. IfA= then for what
sina — cosa
5. Find the values of x, y, zandt, if:
deh Toes
7. \fA= dia and |= ibe find k so that A? = 5A + bk
-1 2 ol
8. IfA and B are symmetric matrices, such that AB and BA are both defined, then prove
that AB - BA is a skew symmetric matrix. (A.I.C.B.S.E. 2019)
Long Questions:
1. Find the values of a, b, c and d from the following equation:
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scl: ug) li al
= (N.C.ERT)
5e—d 4c+3d 11 24
9 -1 4 12 -1
2. If =At+ then find the matrix A. (C.B.S.E. 2013}
—2 1 3 04 9
22 6 2
3.IfA== |-3 1] B=]1 3] findthematrixC such that A+B +Cis a zero matrix
40 04
3. «6 -5 1
8 0 2 -2
4.ifA=|4 -2]B=] 4 — 2] thenfind the matrix ’x’ of order 3 x 2, such that 2A +
5B. (NCERT)
3X =
Assertion and Reason Questions:
1. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes(a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below.
a) Both Aand Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Ais true but Ris false.
d) Ais false and Ris true.
e) Both Aand Rare false.
Assertion(A):(} {]is an identity matrix.
{t,itisj
acy
Reason (R): A matrix A=[aj] is an identity matrix if ©‘ +),
2. Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes(a), (b), (c) and (d) as
given below.
a) Both Aand Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and Rare true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Ais true but R is false,
d) Ais false and Ris true.
e) Both Aand Rare false.
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1
Assertion (A): Matrix | is a column matrix.
2.
Reason(R): A matrix of order m « 1 is called a column matrix.
Case Study Questions:
1. Three shopkeepers A, B and C go to a store to buy stationary. A purchase 12 dozen
notebooks, 5 dozen pens and 6 dozen pencils. B purchases 10 dozen notebooks, 6 dozen
pens and 7 dozen pencils. C purchases 11 dozen notebooks, 13 dozen pens and 8 dozen
pencils. A notebook costs % 40, a pen costs % 12 and a pencil costs % 3.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The number of items purchased by shopkeepers A, B and C represented in matrix
form as:
(14) a Notebooks Pens Pencils
144 60 72] A
120 720 841 B
132 156 96] C
b Notebooks Pens Pencils
144 72 60) A
120 84 72) B
132 156 96} C
c Notebooks Pens Pencils
144 72 72] A
120 156 84] B
132 84 96] C
d Notebooks Pens Pencils
144 60 60] A
120 84 72) 3B
132 156 96] C
(ii) IfY represents the matrix formed by the cost of each item, then XY equals.
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5741
6780
8040
:
6696
b. | 5916
7440
i
c.
;
6696
7440
6740
5740
8140
(iii) Bill of A is equal to:
a. %6740
b. 38140
c. 25740
d. 2 6696
(iv) If A? = A, then (A +1)3- 7A=
aA
b.A-l
cl
a Atl
(v)IFA and Bare 3 x 3 matrices such that A? - B? = (A- B) (A+ B), then
a. Bither A or Bis zero matrix.
b. Either A or Bis unit matrix.
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c. A=B
d. AB=BA
2. Consider 2 families A and B. Suppose there are 4 men,4 women and 4 children in
family A and 2 men, 2 women and 2 children in family B. The recommend daily amount
of calories is 2400 for a man, 1900 for a woman, 1800 for a children and 45 grams of
proteins for a man, 55 grams for a woman and 33 grams for children.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) The requirement of calories and proteins for each person in matrix form can be
represented as:
(17) a Calorise Proteins
Man 2400 45
Woman 1900 55
Children | 1800 33
b. Calorise Proteins
Man 1900 55
Woman | 2400 45
Children | 1800 33
c Calorise Proteins
Man 1800 33
Woman 1900 55
Children | 2400 45
d Calorise Proteins
Man 2400 33
Woman 1900 55
Children | 1800 45
(ii) Requirement of calories of family A is:
a. 24000
b. 24400
c. 15000
d. 15800.
(iii) Requirement of proteins for family Bis:
a. 560 grams
b. 332 grams
c. 266 grams
d. 300 grams
(iv) If A and Bare two matrices such that AB = B and BA = A, then A? + B? equals.
a. 2AB
b. 2BA
c A+B
d. AB
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wir = (aj)mxn, B= (Dij)axp and C = (¢; )pxa then the product (BC) A is
possible only when.
Hou
wets
poop
BUSS
Answer Key-
Multiple Choice questions-
1. Answer: (c) m=n
2. Answer: (b) Not possible to find
3. Answer: (d) 512.
4. Answer: (a) k=3,p=n
5. Answer: (b) 2 xn
Py
Answer: (a) Skew-symmetric matrix
x
Answer: (a)
8. Answer: (d) AB=BA=I.
9. Answer: (c) 1- a? - Ry=0
10. Answer: (b) Ais a zero matrix
Very Short Answer:
1. Solution:
1x8, 8x1, 4x2, 2x4,
2. Solution: In
3. Solution: A matrix in which the no. of rows are equal to no. of columns ie. m =n
4. Solution: 512=29
5. Solution:
(i) a33 = 9, a= 4
(19) (ii) 3x3
ry
. Solution: They are of the same order.
nN
diagonal matrix.
Solution: Zero.
2
Solution:
[cosa sina] [cosa sina ]
Atad'=|
{sna cosa|"|-sina cosa}
ose 0)
{0 2cosa|
A+ A'=I(Giver)
[cosa 0] [1 0
[0 2cosa}
2eosa=1
1
cosa =—
cos a= cos =
3
10.
olution:
1
AtA'=
6
ron]
ln a4]
Short Answer:
1. Solution:
. Solution: A square matrix in which every non - diagonal element is zero is called
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0
(624]] 2] =0
z
= [0+4+ 4x] =0
= [4444 = [0
>4+4x=0.
Hence, x =-1
3. Solution:
Here, 2A - 3B + SC=0
= 2A=3B-5C
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8 3°45
Hence,A=]_13 _) _9 |-
4. Solution:
: cosa — sina
HereA={
sina — cosa
(: 1)
Now A=1l= when
01
cos a=1 and sina=0.
Hence, a = 0.
5. Solution:
We have:
x2z 1-1 35
| ae A oe
dw 2) 13 -3 9 15
= lay wf"lo 6] *}i2 18
2x+3 22-3 9 15
i dy +6] = [12 18
= 2x+3=9 a)
22-3=15
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2b +6 = 18 sence (4)
From (1), > 2x=9-3
= 2x=6
x53.
From (3) 2y = 12
=>y=6.
From (2), = 22-3 = 15
= 22=18
=37=9,
From (4), 2t+6 = 18
= 2t=12
St=6
Hence, x= 3, y= 6,2=9 andt=6.
6. Solution:
2ICK
WehaveA=/2 1 3
1-1 0
Then A? = AA
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2 0 17/2 01
=|2 1 3/f2 13
1-1 oj[1 -1 0
44041 040-1 2+0+0
=|4+2+3 O+1-3 24340
2-2+0 0-1-0 1-3+0
$s -1 2
=|9 2 5
0-1 2
5-1 2] [2 01
sAP-SA=19 2 5/-5/2 1 3
o -1 2] [1-10
5-10 -1-0 2-5
=|9-10 -2-5 5-15
0-5 -1+5 -2-0
Ss -1 3
=|-1 -7 -10
5 4 2
7. Solution:
301
Wehave: A=|_1 | -
3 01773 1
sMsAA=] "1 9]/] 2) 2
9-1 342] [8 5
2 -144}=[-5 3] -@
3 1) fis 5
Also, SA =5 -1 2/=|-5 10 (2)
k
0
wud
i
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1 APS SA4H
8 5] [is 5] [k 0
1-5 3/=|-5 wjt}o &
[Using (1), (2) & (3))
8 5] fistk 5
1-5 3/=| -5 10+k
= 8=15+kand3=10+k
=k=-landk=-7.
Hence, k - (-7).
8. Solution:
Since A and B are symmetric matrices,
=AandB’ =B...(1)
Now, (AB - BA)’= (AB)’ - (BA)’
=B’A'-A'B’
= BA-AB [Using (1)]
=~ (AB - BA).
Hence, AB - BA is a skew-symmetric matrix
Long Answer:
1. Solution:
We have
jets Til al
5e—d 4c+3d} [11 24
Comparing the corresponding elements of two given matrices, we get:
2a+b=4..(1)
a-2b =-3 ...(2)
5e-d=11...(3)
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eee sinha
4c+3d=24...(4)
Solving (1) and (2):
From (1),
b=4-2a..(5)
Putting in (2), a- 2 (4- 2a) =-3
>a-8+4a=-3
=S5a=5
=a=l.
Putting in (5),
b=4-2(1)=4-2=2
Solving (3) and (4):
From (3),
d=5c-11..(6)
Putting in (4),
4c+ 3 (Sc- 11) =24
= 4c+15c-33 = 24
= 19¢=57
Sc
Putting in (6),
d=5(3)-11=15-11=4.
Hence, a= 1,b = 2,c=3andd=4.
2. Solution:
(26) ad
_ [au
© Lan an
9 -14
213
i] (pie
= Lay +0
Comparing:
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aj) +2 a3—1
ay +4 a3 +9)
9=ant+1-1=az+2,
45 1i3-1,-2=a21
1=az2+4,and3=a23+9
an = 8, a12= - 3,
ai3 = 5, aa = -2
ar 3, and az3
8
Hence, A =
—2
3. Solution:
=3 il
-3 -6
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Solution
Empowering Educators
eu 412
Let C=]; cx |.
631 32,
Then A+B+C=O
2 2] [6 2] feu ce
=}-3 1/+]1 3] tle cn |=
40} [0 4} Len ex
246 242] [or cn
eco
= ]-3+1 143] +] cy |=|0
440 044] [oy ep
coo coo
2464e, 2+2+e
=|-341te) 1+3+ey
440+cy O+4+cey
eoo
eco
8+q, 44q2] 0 0
=|-2+e 44ey|=/0 0].
4tey 44cy| [0 0
Comparing:
84+cen=0>cn=-8,
4+C2=03Cn=-4,
-2+C1=05Cr=2
44+(C2=03Cx2=-4,
4+c0=0>Ca=-4
and 4 + ¢32= 0 = C32 =-4.
-8 -4
Hence, C = 2 -4
-4 -4
. Solution:
We have: 2A + 3X = SB
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=> 2A + 3X-2A = 5SB-2A
= 2A-2A + 3X = SB-2A
= (2A-2A)+3X=5B-2A
= 0+3X=5B-2A
[ - 2A is the inverse of2A]
= 3X=5B-2A.
[ » O is the additive identity]
Hence, X = = (SB - 2A)
i{f 10-10) f-16 0
=-|| 20 10l+}-8 4
3\|-25 5] | -6 -12
1 10-16 -10+0
= 20-8 10+4
3
-25-6 5-12
1 -6 -10 -2 -10/3
=s/ 12) M4/= 4 14/3
3
-31 -7) [-31/3 -7/3,
Assertion and Reason Answers:
1. (d) Ais false and Ris true.
Solution:
We know that, “hi of is an indentity matrix
«Given Assertion [A] is false We know that for identity matrix ay= 1, ifi=jand ay= 0, ift#j
Given Reason (R) is true Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
2.a) Both Aand Rare true and Ris the correct explanation of A.
Solution:
(29) We know that order of column matrix is always m x 1
1
215
\2|
is column matrix.
= Assertion (A) is true Also Reason (R) is true and is correct explanation of A. Hence
option (a) is the correct answer.
Case Study Answers:
1. Answer :
i. (2) Notebooks Pens Pencils
144 60 72| A
120 720 84) B
132 156 96] C
Solution:
Notebooks Pens Pencils
144
X= | 120
132
60 72) A
720 84| B
156 96] C
(30) eee
6696
il (b) | 5916
7440
Solution:
40] Notebook
since, Y= | 12 Pens
3 Pencil
144 60 72] [40
*, XY=/]120 72 84] | 12
132 156 96 3
5760 + 720 + 216 6696
= | 4800 + 864+ 252 | = | 5916
5280 + 1872 + 288 7440
iii, (d) 76696
Solution:
Bill of Ais % 6696.
iv. (c)1
Solution:
(A+1)2= A+ 2A+1=3A+T
= (A+ 13 =(3A+1 (A+D
=3A?+4A+1=7A+1
en (A+ D8-7A=1
v. (d) AB=BA
Solution:
A2-B2=(A-B) (A+B) =A2+AB-BA-B?
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eee
“2 AB=BA
2. Answer:
i@ Calorise Proteins
Man 2400 9 45
Woman | 1900 55
Children | 1800 33
Solution:
Let F be the matrix representing the number of family members and
R be the matrix representing the requirement of calories and proteins
for each person. Then
Men Women Children
_ Family A [4 4 4
~ Family B [2 2 2
Calorise Proteins
Man 2400 45
R= Woman 1900 55
Children | 1800 33
ii, (b) 24400
Solution:
The requirement of calories and proteins for each ofthe two families is given by the product matrix FR.
2400 45
r= |? 4 | 1900 55
222
1800 33
_ [4(2400 +1900 + 1800) 4(45 +55 +33)
~ [2(2400 + 1900+ 1800) 2(45 +55 + 33)
Calories Proteins
R= 24400 532] Family A
~ [12200 —-266 | Family B
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ili (¢) 266 grams
iv. (c)A+B
Solution:
Since, AB = B... (i)
BA=A... (ii)
J APH B= AXA+BXB
= A(BA) + B(AB)
= (AB)A + (BA)B
=BA+ AB
=A+B
(a)m=q
<
Solution:
A= (aj)ma B= (bi)axp: C= (Cii)pxa
BC = (bijnxp * (ij) pxa = (di)nxa
(BO)A = (dij)axcq % (2j)mxn
Hence, (BC)A is possible only when m = q
(33)
