Artificial Vision
– Course 1 –
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL VISION
(1/1)
Dr. Benaliouche Houda
Faculté des nouvelles technologies
[email protected]
Université Constantine 2 2024/2025.
Artificial Vision
– Course 1–
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL VISION
(1/1)
Dr. Benaliouche Houda
Faculté des nouvelles technologies
[email protected] Etudiants concernés
Faculté/ Départem Nivea Spécialité
Institut ent u Sciences de Données et Intelligence
Nouvelles technologies / Master 2
Artificielle (SDIA)
Université Constantine 2
Summary
Prerequisites
Mathematical
Notions
Algorithmic
Notions
Course Objective
A look into how machines see the world.
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OUTLINE
Definition
History of Artificial Vision
How Artificial Vision Works
•Step 1: Image Capture (Camera)
•Step 2: Preprocessing (Filtering, Resizing)
•Step 3: Feature Extraction (Edges, Corners, Textures)
•Step 4: Analysis and Interpretation (Classification, Object Detection)
Applications of Artificial Vision
•(exhaustive list of 20 application domains)
•Self-driving cars
•Medical imaging (X-ray, MRI)
•Face recognition
•Robotics
•…
Key Challenges in Artificial Vision
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DEFINITION
What is Artificial Vision?
Definition: Artificial vision
(or computer vision) is a
field of artificial
intelligence focused on
enabling machines to
interpret and
understand visual
information from the
world.
Comparison: Natural vision (human/animal) vs. artificial vision
(machine).
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DEFINITION
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Computer
Vision
Robotics
Deep Learning
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DEFINITION
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Section 1 :
History
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• History of Artificial
Vision Origins in the 1960s,
early research in
pattern recognition.
Key milestones:
object
recognition
image
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segmentation
machine learning integration.
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• History of Artificial Vision
Early work focused on simple tasks like edge detection
and object recognition, relying on basic pattern
recognition and geometry. In the 1970s and 1980s,
advancements in image processing allowed for more
complex analyses, though limited by computational
power. In the 1990s, statistical approaches, especially
machine learning, began to enhance object and facial
recognition capabilities. The real breakthrough came in
the 2010s with the rise of deep learning and neural
networks, allowing models to recognize and classify
objects with high accuracy by training on vast datasets.
Today, artificial vision powers applications across
healthcare, autonomous driving, security, and more,
evolving rapidly with advances in neural networks and AI.
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Timeline of key advancements in computer vision.
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Timeline of key advancements in computer vision.
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Section 2:
How Artificial Vision Works
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How Artificial vision works
Here is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in artificial vision from Image Acquisition to Recognition:
1. Image Acquisition: The process begins with capturing images through sensors or cameras.
2. Preprocessing: The captured image is enhanced by reducing noise and adjusting brightness or
contrast for clearer analysis.
3. Feature Extraction: Key features like edges, corners, or textures are detected and extracted for
further analysis.
4. Recognition: The system then classifies or identifies objects within the image using algorithms (like
machine learning or deep learning).
This flow helps visualize how an image is processed in stages leading up to recognition
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Section 3:
AV APPLICATIONS
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
1.Autonomous Vehicles
Self-driving cars: Detecting pedestrians, lane
markers, traffic
signals, and other vehicles for autonomous
navigation.
Drones: Object detection and terrain analysis for
autonomous flight.
Robotics: Visual perception in industrial or
domestic robots to navigate environments.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
2.Healthcare & Medicine
Medical imaging: Analysis of X-rays, MRIs, CT
scans, and ultrasound images for diagnostics
(e.g., tumor detection, organ segmentation).
Telemedicine: Remote diagnostics through
visual inspections using computer vision.
Surgical assistance: Augmented reality and
image-guided surgery for precision.
Retinal analysis: Detecting diabetic retinopathy and
other eye
conditions.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
4. Security & Surveillance
Product Inventory Cashier-less stores
recommendations management
Visual search engines Using cameras and Monitoring customers’
where
: customers vision systems to actions (e.g., picking items
upload images to find track stock levels from shelves) for automated
similar products. automatically. billing.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
3. Retail & E-commerce
Face recognition Anomaly detection License plate recognition
Identifying Identifying suspicious Tracking vehicles at tolls or in
individuals
: in public activities or security parking management
spaces, airports, or breaches in real-time systems.
security checkpoints. through video feeds.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
5.Agriculture
Precision farming: Monitoring crop health, growth,
and soil
quality using drones and satellite imagery.
Harvesting robots: Identifying ripe produce and
automating the picking process.
Livestock monitoring: Detecting health and
movement patterns in animals for disease
prevention.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
6.Manufacturing & Industrial
Quality control: Detecting defects in products during
production using automated vision systems.
Object sorting: Automating the sorting of
products or components in factories.
Robotic guidance: Vision-guided robots
to assemble components or inspect
machinery.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
7.Education & Research
Augmented reality learning: Enhancing
textbooks and real- world objects with visual
overlays for an interactive learning
experience.
Data visualization: Automatically processing
images and videos for academic research in
various fields.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
8.Entertainment & Media
Special effects: Generating and enhancing visual
effects for
films and video games.
Gesture recognition: Interfacing with devices
using gestures for immersive gaming or virtual
reality experiences.
Image/video search: Content indexing and
retrieval for large media databases (e.g.,
YouTube, Netflix).
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
9.Retail & Fashion
Virtual try-ons: Letting customers try clothes,
accessories, or
makeup using augmented reality.
Style suggestions: Automated outfit
recommendations based on personal
preferences or uploaded images.
Fabric defect detection: Identifying flaws in
textiles during manufacturing.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
10. Finance & Banking
Customer verification: Biometric face recognition for
secure
login or identity verification in banking apps.
Document scanning: Processing checks,
invoices, or contracts through OCR (Optical
Character Recognition).
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
11. Construction & Architecture
Site inspection: Drones with computer vision to
monitor
construction progress and detect structural issues.
Safety monitoring: Detecting unsafe worker
behaviors, like not wearing helmets or
protective gear.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
12. Environmental Monitoring
Wildlife tracking: Monitoring animal species and their
habitats
using drones or satellite imagery.
Pollution detection: Identifying pollution levels
in air or water through real-time image
analysis.
Forest fire detection: Early detection of wildfires
using thermal and visual sensors in forests.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
13. Sports Analytics
Player tracking: Real-time tracking of athletes’
positions and
movements during games.
Performance analysis: Analyzing game
footage to optimize player tactics and
training regimes.
Referee assistance: Assisting referees with goal-
line technology, offside decisions, and more.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
14. Retail and Customer Experience
Self-checkout systems: Automating product
recognition during
checkout without scanning barcodes.
Foot traffic analysis: Monitoring customer
movement and patterns in stores to optimize
layouts.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
15. Transportation & Logistics
Cargo inspection: Automated detection of damage or
anomalies in shipping containers.
Driver assistance: Monitoring driver behavior
(e.g., detecting drowsiness or distractions).
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
16. Real Estate & Property Management
3D property tours: Using computer vision to create
virtual tours
of real estate properties.
Property maintenance: Automated detection of
damage, mold, or leaks in buildings using drones
or cameras.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
17. Mining and Extraction
Resource detection: Identifying minerals and other
resources
using aerial or satellite imagery.
Safety monitoring: Detecting hazardous
conditions in mines through real-time video
analysis.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
18. Human-Computer Interaction
Eye-tracking: Understanding where users focus their
attention
on screens, useful in UX/UI design.
Gesture-based control: Hands-free control of
devices through visual recognition of hand
gestures.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
19. Art and Culture
Art restoration: Using image processing to restore
damaged or
faded works of art.
Cultural heritage preservation: Digitizing
and analyzing historical artifacts or
documents.
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ARTIFICIAL VISION APPLICATIONS
20. Logistics and Supply Chain
Warehouse automation: Robots using computer vision
to
identify and pick items from shelves.
Shipment tracking: Real-time package tracking
using cameras and computer vision systems.
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Key Challenges in Artificial Vision
SECTION 4
Key Challenges in Artificial Vision
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Key Challenges in Artificial Vision
Despite its impressive capabilities, artificial vision still faces challenges:
• Lighting variations: Changes in lighting conditions can affect image quality and accuracy.
• Occlusions: Objects that are partially hidden or obscured by other objects.
• Complex backgrounds: Difficulty distinguishing between objects and cluttered or
dynamic backgrounds.
• Real-time processing: The need for fast algorithms that can process images and video in
real- time, especially for autonomous systems.
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References
1. Dana H. Ballard & Christopher M. Brown. Computer Vision Prentice Hall, Inc, 1982
2. Robert M. Haralick & Linda G. Shapiro. Computer and Robot Vision, Vol-I, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, 1992
3. Robert M. Haralick & Linda G. Shapiro. Computer and Robot Vision, Vol-II, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, Inc, 1993
4. Linda Shapiro & Azriel Rosen eld. Computer Vision and Image Processing, Academic Press, Inc,
1992
5. Berthold Klaus Paul Horn. Robot Vision , MIT Press McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1986
6. Robert J. Schalko. Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision, John Wiley &
Sons Inc, 1989
7. George Stockman and Linda Shapiro. Three Dimensional Computer Vision. Prentice Hall 2000.
8. David Marr. Vision, W. H Freeman and Company, NY, 1982
9. Rafael C. Gonzalez and Paul Wintz. Digital Image Processing, Third edition, Addison Wesley, MA.
(Now with
Prentice Hall, eective 1999).
10.Ernest Hall. Computer Image Processing and Recognition, second edition, Academic press 1982.
11. Azriel Rosenfeld and Avinash C. Kak. Digital Picture Processing, Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, Academic
Press, 1982.
12.Robert J. Schalko. Digital Image Processing and Computer Vision: An introduction to
theory and implementations, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
13.William K. Pratt. Digital Image Processing, John Wiley & Sons, 1993.
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