1. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Animal and fungal cells contain chloroplasts.

B. Plant, animal and fungal cells possess mitochondria.
C. Animal and plant cells do not contain mitochondria.
D. All plant cells contain chloroplasts.
2. Which of the following is a cellular organelle?
A. Autosome
B. Liposome
C. Ribosome
D. Microsome
3. Which of the following describes how regions of phospholipids are arranged in the cell
membrane?
A. Hydrophobic fatty acid regions face each other within the interior of the cell
membrane
B. Hydrophilic phosphate regions are positioned toward nonpolar environments
C. Hydrophilic phosphate regions face each other within the interior of the cell
membrane
D. Hydrophobic fatty acid regions are positioned toward polar environments
4. Plasma membrane phospholipids:
A. Comprise 3 fatty acids esterified to a glycerol moiety
B. All have a net negative charge
C. Are in the liquid phase under physiological conditions
D. Can readily flip from one side of the membrane to the other
5. The occurrence of Phosphatidylserine in the biological membrane
A. Turned over rapidly as part of a signalling system
B. Normally outward facing in plasma membrane
C. Involved in redox reactions in membranes
D. Normally inward facing in plasma membrane
6. What dietary source of energy contains the most energy per gram (kcal/g)?
A. Disaccharides
B. Cellulose
C. Proteins
D. Triglycerides
7. What is the basic order of events in the digestion and mobilization of dietary fatss?
A. Degradation by lipases → emulsified by bile → incorporation into chylomicrons
→ absorption and conversion into triacylglycerols
B. Degradation by lipases → absorption and conversion into triacylglycerols →
incorporation into chylomicrons → emulsified by bile
C. Emulsified by bile → degradation by lipases → absorption and conversion into
triacylglycerols → incorporation into chylomicrons
D. Emulsified by bile → incorporation into chylomicrons → absorption and
conversion into triacylglycerols → degradation by lipases
8. The smallest aldose is:
A. Glyceraldehyde
B. Glucose
C. Glycogen
D. Fructose
9. How many total molecules of ATP are synthesised from ADP via glycolysis of a
single molecule of glucose?
A. 36
 B. 2
C. 4
D. 38
10. Based on their compositional differences, different lipoproteins serve very different
biological roles, what physical quality of lipoproteins most likely determines their
function?
A. Density
B. Shape
C. Volume
D. pH
11. How do the majority of fatty acids enter the outer membrane of the mitochondria?
A. Free diffusion of hydrophobic free fatty acids
B. Transferase facilitated entry of carnitine bound fatty acids
C. Transferase facilitated entry of free fatty acids
D. Free diffusion of carnitine bound fatty acids
12. Which of the following statements about plasma lipoproteins is correct?
A. They have a hydrophobic core of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters
B. They have a hydrophobic core of phospholipids and free cholesterol
C. They have a hydrophilic core of triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters
D. They have a hydrophobic core of phospholipid and apolipoproteins
13. Of the classes of dietary fatty acids which have the most beneficial effect on plasma
LDL cholesterol levels?
A. Monounsaturated fatty acids
B. n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
C. Neither A nor B
D. Both A and B
14. Hormones such as insulin & glucagon regulate HMG CoA reductase by a
phosphorylation and dephosphorylation process. Phosphorylation of HMG CoA
reductase results in decreased enzyme activity. Identify the correct statement from the
following:
A. Insulin inhibits kinase that phosphorylates HMG CoA reductase
B. Insulin activates kinase that phosphorylates HMG CoA reductase
C. Insulin activates the phosphatase that removes a phosphate group from HMG CoA
reductase
D. Insulin inhibits kinase that phosphorylates HMG CoA reductase
15. Which of the following is the main nitrogenous compound in urine?
A. Uric acid
B. Ammonia
C. Urea
D. Creatinine
16. The reaction of two amino acids to form a dipeptide is a(n):
A. cleavage.
B. condensation.
C. group transfer.
D. oxidation-reduction.

17. What are the major products of amino acid catabolism?

A. Ketone bodies and tetrahydrofolate
B. Glycogen and tetrahydrofolate
C. Ketone bodies and glucose
 D. Glucose and tetrahydrofolate
18. The unique cyclic structure of which of the following amino acids plays a central role
in the formation of α helices and β sheets
A. Proline
B. Arginine
C. Tyrosine
D. Valine
19. A poly peptide with a net positive charge at physiological pH most likely contains
amino acids with R groups of what type?
A. Acidic R groups
B. Aromatic R groups
C. Aliphatic R groups
D. Basic R groups
20. Phenylketonuria is a result of disturbed function of?
A. Phenylalanine deaminase.
B. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase
C. Phenylalanine transaminase
D. Phenylalanine hydroxylase
21. The major regulated step of the urea cycle is which of the following?
A. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I
B. Ornithine transcarbamoylase
C. Argininosuccinate synthetase
D. Arginase
22. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of passive transport?
A. The energy for transport is generated by the gradient of the substrate being
transported
B. The energy for transport is generated by the molecular bonds of the substrate
being transported
C. Transport of the substrate is the result of a conformational change
D. It requires the binding of the molecule to be transported

23. Which of the following series of amino acids is most likely to be buried in the center
of a water-soluble globular protein?
A. Pro, Gln, His
B. Gly, Asn, Ser
C. Glu, Asp, Lys
D. Ala, Leu, Phe

24. Which pair of amino acid side chains could form an ion pair?
A. Ile, Pro
B. Lys, His
C. Asp, Asn
D. Glu, Lys

25. Which one of these characteristics is not true for the helix?
A. Proline is typically not found in the helix.
B. There is a requirement for glycine every third amino acid residue.
C. There are 3.6 amino acids per turn.
 D. A hydrogen bond forms between the carbonyl oxygen of the nth amino acid residue
and the -NH group of the (n + 4)th amino acid residue.

26. Sickle-cell anaemia caused by mutation substituting Val, which find a binding pocket
in deoxy-Hb of another tetramer. True or false?
27. What happens to the melting point of unsaturated fatty acids when the number of
double bonds increases?
A. increase
B. decrease
C. unchanged
D. not enough data to conclude

28. How can statin drugs lower cholesterol level?

29. The hormone that decreases blood glucose and increases the uptake of glucose in
various tissues like skeletal muscle, adipose tissues?
30. Which of the following metabolite allosterically activates glycogen phosphorylase?
A. ATP
B. AMP
C. Glucose-6-phosphate
D. Glucose-1-phosphate

31. What is the C-5 epimer of L-Talose

A. D-Galactose
B. L-Gulose
C. D-Allose
D. L-Altrose

32. What body conditions favour gluconeogenesis over glycolysis?

A. High blood sugar
B. Starvation
C. Increasing cellular levels of AMP
D. Low cellular levels of pyruvate
33. Which glucose transporter is insulin-dependent?
A. GLUT 2
B. GLUT 3
C. GLUT 4
D. SGLUT
34. Which hormone inhibits the enzyme Phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?
A. Glucagon
B. Insulin
C. Cortisol
D. Epinephrine
35. Which of the following pairs of molecules could not hydrogen bond with each other?

36. Identify the bond between 2 amino acids F and F

37. In an alpha helix, the R groups on the amino acid residues are found on the inside of
the helix spiral. True or false?
A. True
B. False
38. The component of a water-soluble globular protein that is most likely to be present in
the centre of the molecule rather than on its surface is
A. A glutamate side chain
B. A histidine side chain
C. A phenylalanine side chain
D. A phosphate group covalently linked to a serine side chain
39. What is the major factor that "drives" the folding of proteins into their tertiary
structure?
A. Formation of the maximum number of ionic interactions.
B. Formation of the maximum number of hydrophilic interactions.
C. Placement of polar amino acid residues on the surface of the protein.
D. Placement of hydrophobic amino acid residues within the interior of the protein.

40. Which of the following statements about peptide bonds is FALSE?

A. Water is released when a peptide bond is formed.
B. The peptide bond exhibits partial double bond character
C. The peptide bond has restricted rotation around the bond between the carbonyl
carbon and C.
D. The peptide bond is planar.
 41. Which of the following stabilizes the folding of a polypeptide backbone into regular
secondary structure?
A. Disulfide bridges.
B. Hydrogen bonds.
D. Electrostatic interactions.
E. Hydrophobic interactions.

42-45. Consider the molecule bound to a binding site. Identify the binding interactions at i, ii,
iii, iv: