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The document discusses behaviorism, focusing on key figures like Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, and their concepts of classical and operant conditioning. It explains how behaviors can be conditioned through stimulus-response pairings and the effects of reinforcement and punishment on behavior. Additionally, it highlights assumptions of behaviorism regarding the measurement of thoughts and emotions and offers tips for establishing habits through rewards.

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10 views1 page

Perdev

The document discusses behaviorism, focusing on key figures like Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner, and their concepts of classical and operant conditioning. It explains how behaviors can be conditioned through stimulus-response pairings and the effects of reinforcement and punishment on behavior. Additionally, it highlights assumptions of behaviorism regarding the measurement of thoughts and emotions and offers tips for establishing habits through rewards.

Uploaded by

landicho.kathgrace
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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I. BEHAVIORISM
❖ Ivan Pavlov
- Russian Physiologist
- Studied on the digestive system of dogs
- “Conditioning”
- Stimulus (input) and response (output)
- Pairing of stimulus and response
- ex. Before: Dog doesn’t salivate with food in front of it.
During: Owner whistles with food in front of the dog for it to salivate.
After: Owner whistles with the in front of it, dog automatically salivated.
- ex. Hearing a bell automatically reminds you of an ice cream truck.

Classic Conditioning
❖ Repeated pairing of an unconditional stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response and a neutral stimulus,
the previously neutral stimulus can come to elicit the same response as the unconditioned response.

Behavioral Patterns as Result of Conditioning


❖ Parties
❖ Result of natural pairing of stimulus and automatic response.
❖ Therapy-VR therapy for soldiers
❖ Gaming
❖ Desensitization - repeated exposure to a certain stimulus loses its potency
❖ Habituation - lesser form of desensitization, where we get used to our environment.

Operant Conditioning
❖ The changing of behavior by manipulating its consequences
❖ B.F. Skinner
- Experimented on pigeons
- American Psychologist
- Taught the pigeons how to receive a food reward by pecking onto the lever.

Reinforcement and Punishment


❖ An event that strengthens a behavior and increases the likelihood of repeating the behavior in the future.
❖ Reinforcement encourages behavior. (±)
❖ Punishment tries to stop behavior. (±)
❖ Positive - has stimulus to introduce.
❖ Negative - has something to remove.

Some Assumptions by Behaviorism


❖ Thoughts and emotions cannot be measured and manipulated.
❖ Reaction to psychoanalysis.
❖ Individuals are controlled absolutely by the environment.

Tips and Thoughts


❖ The power of small behaviors
Ex. When you meet people…
❖ If you’re establishing a habit, reward yourself
❖ Question of reward and punishment
❖ On a societal level
❖ Intrinsically rewarding activities
❖ One place must be dedicated to a certain behavior.
Ex. A workplace, a place to relax.
❖ Be careful: Stimulus that you allow in your mind/self.

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