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Making Salts

The document explains the process of making salts through neutralization reactions, highlighting the general equation Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water and providing specific examples. It details the method for producing copper chloride from hydrochloric acid and copper oxide, including step-by-step instructions for the experiment. Additionally, it covers reactions involving acids with metals and metal carbonates to form salts, water, and gases.

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7 views3 pages

Making Salts

The document explains the process of making salts through neutralization reactions, highlighting the general equation Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water and providing specific examples. It details the method for producing copper chloride from hydrochloric acid and copper oxide, including step-by-step instructions for the experiment. Additionally, it covers reactions involving acids with metals and metal carbonates to form salts, water, and gases.

Uploaded by

tobascosauce10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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When looking at making salts, it is important to remember the neutralisation reaction:

Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water

For example, consider the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide → Sodium chloride + Water

Here are two more examples:

 Sulphuric acid + Potassium hydroxide → Potassium sulphate + Water

 Nitric acid + Calcium hydroxide → Calcium nitrate + Water

Remember:

Acid Salt Ending

Hydrochloric acid Chloride

Sulphuric acid Sulphate

Nitric acid Nitrate

Another general equation for neutralisation is:

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Remember, alkalis are simply bases that dissolve in water.


The difference with this equation is that it takes into account the bases that do not dissolve in water,
which are called insoluble bases. As insoluble bases do not dissolve in water, they will need to react as
solids.

Below are some examples of this reaction:

 Hydrochloric acid + Copper oxide → Copper chloride + Water

 Sulphuric acid + Magnesium oxide → Magnesium sulphate + Water

 Nitric acid + Calcium oxide → Calcium nitrate + Water

Both hydrochloric acid (hydrogen chloride) and sodium hydroxide are in aqueous form because they are
dissolved in water.

Method to Make Copper Chloride

Let’s look at the earlier example to see how we can make and isolate copper chloride.

Hydrochloric acid + Copper oxide → Copper chloride + Water

The symbol equation for this reaction is:

2HCl (aq) + CuO (s) → CuCl2 (aq) + H2O (l)

1. Use a measuring cylinder to measure 30 ml of hydrochloric acid.

2. Pour the hydrochloric acid into a boiling tube and place the tube into a beaker of hot water.
3. Use a spatula to add copper oxide in excess and stir the solution until the hydrochloric acid has
stopped reacting.

4. Use filter paper to set up a funnel and place it in a conical flask.

 This is so you can filter the mixture

5. Place a gauze pad on a tripod, with an evaporating dish on top of the gauze pad.

6. Once you’ve filtered the solution, pour the filtrate into the evaporating dish.

7. Set up a Bunsen burner under the tripod to gently heat the filtrate in the evaporating dish.

 This allows some of the water to evaporate

8. Move the evaporating dish to a warm location so that the remaining water can evaporate slowly.

9. The copper chloride produced will crystallise as the filtrate slowly evaporates, leading to the formation
of larger salt crystals.

Reactions to Make Salts

Reacting Acids with Metals

Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen

The formation of copper chloride in this reaction is represented by the equation:

Hydrochloric acid + Copper → Copper chloride + Hydrogen

Reacting Acids with Metal Carbonates

Acid + Metal carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

You can see how copper chloride is made in this reaction through the equation:

Hydrochloric acid + Copper carbonate → Copper chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide

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