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The document discusses fundamental concepts in physical chemistry, including atomic theory, chemical laws, and the properties of compounds. It outlines key postulates of Dalton's atomic theory, the law of conservation of mass, and provides examples of calculations involving moles and molecular weights. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of balanced chemical equations in reactions.
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Save Chapter-1-Language-of-Chemistry-Note For Later FGeneral Ke Physical Chemistry # 7
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Postulates_of n\ton's Dini Shiny. » Wes
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[have Aff fos.
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LChenfi¢al__yanuhon.
2) Morn Combine with atl a ae _
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Law hte —
by
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9)
ai “tanta Yau! f Ses _syelume,,
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thi law fe $n _aceordlance OM, dlatton's hong choory.1 Y:
a —Otom Con ner be, Geared ov be ditty
fu
thts Ino Palsy Called law of Sodas
Cau todavia and may Sorat Concerued -
an/ o_ daftite paper au of Crobvat Come
a lav 1905 gitun by tot Pall 7 299
"A_ pure cherical Ltespoutd 1 46 olusous Corngeted of
‘elomoenk Combined _ Angel. 4, fit SOFb by Be
frreapetive Of thor Sources Gnd “pheno | Be res
‘hts law Cont Sila iach yp dito ue
Inldto_ $5 oblfined_ From yoitous- Sounees “ite, tho, £0
$0) He. Whotweo_ mL Sop te hut hte
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ootkn : Mu ap ft WA Larter (tent)
| Re neh Toone. ening] ond! Subsauent % et
| Ones. gpm 23 4em_f Cyd on veduthing “ive 1.9! oe
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en
a Stren peta Wot =
| Cupt Hy. > tut Yo
if 29.90 ee :
I : i Ed = 24g i9°
Sf 23 ed YS LSM yn i
I ik ff 02 Qty os
[ Lt
: =: ado f wh. 4 Cu0 % QO am
iE peSmont he tia vet ih gina
Carb @. 4 hte SMushate tho
pin. 7 -Ginjund 2 164
= pei eres Ae
af
=| Low tf pultole_propordfin
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ald Se An §e_Awd_or mere
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Compounds, tthe wef
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ull number aN
8.
— : 4 De
| Hao
| 0,
2 Sr
-ustatine
Loe by Crmbine wh ile! = Ay Bud iyi
= ert Oj
i won ‘om ae
[ + ae
i be nd a0 par §-ntgfon Lay.
[ag ae a
ae kako Sf op Phy fs eee & YD. whith |
Colne woh 1_ part fe 8m fe ao
ner {gape whole Se Pe Hence this
t pissin fo a aa opens
rnd 16 parr oy Oxygen
et eert [ ‘
9.012 «amu
~~ 0.8) ava
~~ ‘ato uu
~ by coos Ory,
~ 15.99 Guu
S 42.99 Ow
~ Ad Gaus
“J 22.98 Oyu
: 24.9 Que
24.98 yaw
28, 08 Gru:
30,94 Craw
32.06 nu
35.45 Gem
39:94 duu
35.09%. Quy
AD, 08 Onhiv Xam ar
~ Chlofing vids as con _‘omolt foros
L- For cys) andl (350)
| He 5 y35 39425
————— fe wetghl of Ghlnfne = 45996
| Aomie wolght_of Tc haa
I
: | bed. 6 Sumi of numb pfons_ond_nevttions
i ree topes aren “hate Lo _numiber_f
iy Fn__Wwholt__“puraba- ; = a
For_draniple
[ ° Tc Tap Conains A_piobont 448 peu
1svat Sie hewn
y dirt
L_miplecules of O
aS aT Ye homie hon _(aye af 2 ft Pte
ip aa OS Nef Aulestante, —___
{heel + molecule of given _Covsounh
meleaiuh WOM = 4 Qiu.
a ee ae aa a : ae
Lalla g lec fn silk
f
ces whe Pa H, = op. alpaat 4 atone:
FY pane
= 2026 aus
Miplefutos
4p (ox) + bu) = 44 gmu.-
Moletylon. of Cb, = (22) 4 (arse) = 44 amy
Wisle cular i sof pone = (4438) (486) 4 (0x0) = HO Ant
Molded wh set Calo, =. Cxte)+ (ixa2) + (3x44) = 100 Amy
foetus wh. of” Sty = (298) + (Be) Lexy) = OF ant
ow
J
Meletulan. tot -
Wa, fo, = (9% 93) 4 (4%) + (Sx4)= 106 my
ref = Mole Concape
Me
15" Aut cult whth Canta -e
pees ty " Aunduddo's number C8 Ao 240%) t5 Called ene mole
xed nuit pariitles
eh! dat Gilichinee. ele Cm be exprased fom of way
| Yyelune..i Ei yiole fn__eyats sf ise——_*
—Saaccat ae ol pti Ob
co i Sram.
Adef_ns.fr fon, of ao. ge (pane
: =e ae ie i eee
ia miple of hydrogen =i jee = d00% Gm> 6.09310 atsm
t
| Moletlas, Wk ty dems 2 gram (sro hnolecul)
3) Pealan bipreted a axons. Coed a smut a”
yon mlefula ght
Ex male ef yiokeule = jm =i moletulaa WE: ENE
eg
ne ‘“ Agneta =H grams 6.00% 3 ad 0, maolecules
mele fn rt chong sf lune
“eat ds Vea 2A. 9-4 Bie
Tiles Sh fs Cotted wala, Molume ap an
Yor bgt te
oc i S204 [he Gb NEP
We Cin_irde
tiie of a i Hi hap.Page:
Dare: 77
| Calculate: che nurhon aa 4 om Catton. ;
Dy
Sel" ble Vow hak
ey
32 Lt gy C4 mole
i 4 “getty. c =e ole
[& H gen of: C= mole
= 0.944 wele *
|
eal of rucle 2 ———
447,
\ We have
NL bopaw 5 adom >a racle
J a adorn = 2 ole.
NL | Cxp23xyo23
A atom > —% role f=)
6.02.39I0%3
© S3ryi0"* ule, He
For _molecuta+ ue
| Vi Tn ovat.
[ino. moles of molecale 2 molecular wt
I : Ls - Given nos f raslecule
I th sap NA
How many - oles are pS Fn_£30°: gaa of HID, ?
L we molecular. wt YUNG, Last stay lb?
Now r
Nios _oles_of hs Weng 30 6 wales -
melee we. oF "oA {
[foself oo
ui 5 How my Moles are “ant prs tn. ez
ap se
In f endef santo G49) = Wk yo ooh a Oty
- molecule “-——*
48 worn > 6.023% 30"” Woleculed
ei # flgre = Losi cpaplecules i
0.9_fra + Wade = - a P09 molecules
23.0115 yy0'™ yyoleculer. Fe
O_YO305 ak Nips ;
iver val” oho Fo_Abrec
ef mtole af gay Che gash Are
yor" of fin WO fn Mk
= Dr40o wi
velit
aie vies Atlahin:
ae dilation
Caleulakion Rs expel an falloaing ho
a |NG Teeactant And erm eh ah etn 8
. on basig iw ainda ab balantedchowmical. atten ___
7 :
yt MODS i iy one ened Yoduick Ts-gven
~\ Th ht ai
N mm boall ashen cents tected cue.
\
\ na Ee pin (20_pnduced On eg Syne Cag
\ Soe t
‘ i CaC0, —*~—> (a04 20,
| | Joo. gm (atds “on hearing ———> St gm Cad
[4 “gm ef Calo, on 1 cheang” —> Se_gm (ao
5 gm 3 Cato, on hea ting — > BopS ge of cad
= asgm of Co FE
“es tbo_Aituunt 4. (> Pade of 30.9) Nagta, is
roared with dil. Hel.
SOD!" Nay (0g + BOLL
-2Nacl 4.00, + Hyd
exe, i
/ Js gm of Wa, lay a oa of
[FF ey eg
I! a = 4uas ym of (op se!$)
oT
uy
T |
O)
a mm
yard. Hy $y ts vogue dogs
bat welphe of ox pu
Pee 25 “am of Aha eat.
er | Ses.
i -ahh_balanceal_chomitel 245, palo,
Ls caloy 4 i
as m_of Cato, ———--> 98 gm of. Had
ot rr
iG Smet heey a BS a gm I
————_
Now say, 2S
| - on ste DS
[REA an
| ey
bo 4in 4 tate %s ome § fo 100 4m Eh Hy $04
RS fs “of ok is ae in sess ar
[viaes Spluae Relatfon:-
A telhat Volume’ of cog fe i wah dope slaon?
in
26 . ANADH 4 Co, Nala Me ©
B0_grn 20H renel With 99° Ur by
tf Naw” ceott_ wi, 224 990 Lee Foo,
Pe.ss Ih, flo,~ |
~ Fi What vohume_ of 0 ts pecessa r_Cornplehe Conduction 4
1S Lr ff propane at NIP?
ls
~\ Gg 1 50, - > 3c, 4 Ayo + 8
~ New;
\ D4 Deh. He neods, cam: 2S of ty veoct
\
\ 1 tr of Gls needs. a de g Oo ste veael
\
SMe. of (ie neal Eye tar of Oy bo “xed
2a
= as by. 4b
Exepia Pesrenulane ifs
aya te ted a8 dh. Sinn flel chomteal. forma y Gempou_
which thoe % a athual whole number ater an |
po zi ent. L
| _ (G40)
wef fndbfdial Nowy 160-¥, a
4 Carpeton = = sooty Wk gf pptleeule |
[ott _Na 5p 0g r
Mb toy 29ebjp
% Competition of NAS 450
aee
WM Compulitin. 9 € = ago” 45%
4 ao a
poy
Conan gO = ig 5 $0. 689.
| An. orpante. Cow und Cons 223 Qon_00 “2
fe | ditinine _enwpte Lfovrata_y 6 rapound
are
: i pos ea
i, Rien % Compose fon are role 8 e |
. i) “nab? [26% 2 ori
ie 32 y.- fe ae 9 | Bes 2 bE ee od am
4 ty fa Pina [ap et® [aur =3
| | 25
* [tae]
0 Gy [ie [eye [de Sf asaas3:
is
tll et Epica efoxnula af on ari Cenguine is “GH.
Molecular Eoroulas~ z
n rigs
| Calculate. onal onniula a Com pound +
| Calulale__ molectitans. weigkt = 2% vedo
—))_Caleulate Nise of nis Molecular Ayrnula wks
: Ee oo wk.el Hed Ht tyoleculan fos an ngot_lngan —
aero emetic
Cz obky ss i ipa
| He 9.2%, . ’
| Ereront | Compostifor] Atom’ wt |n0. cle Graghe Andi [wise fos
@ | the | an | ee et "
[8 fin ep
Ty 0 | wn pe ate ee | 2
~ <
|
[st Bopatl fart of Gaipad = CH,
Ie Molecular _wiéight_= =Anhs = 90
Ie EropPoFcol elt = 12424 37 <4
; Value 4 ee ee
/_lettan Foamula_= 2 (10,)_
HG Hy Oy teThe_daeant white £5 Sti ora
fete In yonehpn-onfmdure>ig* Kndwn—*
enon pe hot fo
[produc a chemal_-venction 7
e.__tunreaked__fn_A_veacon — sata (ay,
Rs inti—adn_&_stnel_in- cht -
ie ES ee camtne tbe dmtunt_o} f du
mea GhemPtal__yeachion-
td i a
a? io 2c
iting song. & like ef -uotah_rg
tnt
SH Sat vif
| she abe Chinen Oey A
f Wd gm Sam Alam |, ako 24
fH fla, 00, + DWIL ——> a Nad + bo +,
' J mol 2 mol eh Amol amo _ Amol”
ae ie a
06 gf Way 6, eel uth 49 $m eft
p+ gen a N94 604 eae Wh 2B gm_ 4OD, b0, 4s exch wo sp.
194, lb, gies gi Br. of bo, ot rip
Hayt0, fyts OI fy. ot” “1, al Nie.
rz
ra
LOL gyn of 2, ty O-giues Sth ine
Sostile 4G, at ane a
Z Coltwless, hy mp of Ho Fo.
Aya"
vy 406 gn et Na, to, + sive 1 gm ef nad
I 5b Br ¢ Ja, 0, Sve, 124 x idk
ree
Tay yay ted aea .
Lon pez
aT ° SS
toll, “shale that Unda sbelon__Condton_of-Aenpeatary
Ond_pressino _e4uial_volum - an_gpaee—farkin hp
va.” rumba of -moecles of rurabt>-¢}m me
\phume vfs ae purbed of moles
it von [ PAT att Constant].
| ‘ :
/Explinatin a
: Metin + Oyen ———*
| i yA i 2 Hyd
Avo” _ 4 Vol” dvol”
da¥nol. fn mop. dn’ ml.
> mol -_ 4+ nol 2 wel
+ pnolecutes =~ 2 molecules + woleg
IAB nook lak 4 wecuiey of te Con
nOON: H otha
: Yt wolteule of 1, £, ee a ait
ination bot? fracton of» atiecule, gout
elas gamle pte
=F Deteoninatin of molecuina yp 2 Vapbun_ don
a eeBVT |
re | 7a
I Hoyo | -
fe ha aa te a a 9
~ i Be fom 170
Vo! t
Se ea or
On applying’ Aupfaltde Law (ie. veer) :
Wi of molecules. of Any Sy.
Vos —hit-= fn el ft, 94h
-
|
= Lu 5 wy —mlecules ef ony ae
=o ( pie 1” molecule 44 it, ¥D
= 2h 4 rmolecure of i
Whe of 1 atom ef Hy, re a
she Thisoa Wee -
2g :
az | iin x ane “ay ae
Aplin e fae _wth _Aesine Gusto fern He
pinay :
oe a
Hyder ges + Chlorine Bey —9 Wehojen chit fosPage: :
fo We te hl ;
ee g tnt pe
t= Ta 2h pve”
baer Atopic low ti jee. een)»
1 [molecule =n mmalecule 2 >rmolecule
eT, I + molecule 4 molecule D_ molecule
aid i = mmalegule —— anolecule 4 enoletule
gp It fund dha 4 molecule Fuel Contains + ale
i Cfo He! 2 which ‘Comes from“ malecules a
|
+ |
u : . a rnolewte ye 7 Sader Of He
: | cineca ef My = stom fT
“§ ghus,
hy |
: i HydraSen rs drains
—B [Sekt olor volume of das = °
“We knows: pA ja) eu
Paoecula L Wh. = = 29W anes
——— puta’ 2 fe ite ee aly
| vp = te of sf. y Gay aeynp
ee ee | |
—— - ‘ =
awean
4, ox Wh. of + My. Of gay at_nnp
Maerua w= who)” 2 Br, tne
ple Know,
Ir Whe of 1. tb of hig jes_aL wip_= 0.089 Sr
2,
—punleulan whe = ay wh of 2 Bre 8 Be
. 0025
o2.4y AY. of 1 JW. of gos
of Moleculan we. =
= Bioy 22.4 Bi of god
| ttenee, _dht_Syan_raslerulah.— volume of all gases_at_ninP_—__
—0ccuptes — 22.4 _ Ptr. : 7
~_[4T)_9dteninatton_ oP — rnoleculan. vet. errnula from volu mente
Lempot fons
bAAALL IL)
\j\ 1
By-bapaiiment; i
—y male Bund Dot neous Oxide Contains Bx
wn _Volume. ng on_GnA fs _yapour. donfty Ye oe.
| Bad Me __ riolecud an mfp A eee |
| Hero,
4 Nol" of nitrous paid Gonlaing 1 Voy" of Nhogen
im
ie vel” f Naas ovide Containg n_ moleculescheutfon
po
vom I tnogen ‘ao Conlatny smpolenules
pt .
HA mnoleciles of nfmus pride Grntilos oem.
j _mbletuley of _Nihows pside aati}
Pfu visa
N%voben 3¢_ dfaromic
——— Hence Gm _ia tride Chyeld be _>
= te Laan 2a
= [Key] 0° Mpletulan Wh-s 2avperma
oy Hence Ahialvteatan_proa_of sous de is 0,