Aim:To plot the response of a first order closed system with different types of inputs.
Software: MATLAB R2024b.
Theory:A first-order closed-loop system typically refers to a control system where the output is fed
back into the input through a feedback loop. The system’s dynamics are often characterized by a transfer
function that is of first order in the Laplace domain.
The general transfer function of a first-order system is:
Where:
K is the system's gain (determines how much the output is amplified),
τ is the time constant (dictates the speed of the system's response),
s is the complex Laplace variable.
In a feedback loop, the output of the system is fed back into the input through a controller. The output
will depend on the type of input applied, and the feedback loop will adjust the system to track or respond
to that input.
Types of Inputs:
1. Step Input : A step input is a constant input that suddenly changes from 0 to 1 at time t=0.
It's commonly used to study how systems reach their steady-state response.
2. Impulse Input : The impulse input is a very short, high-amplitude input signal that occurs at a
single point in time. This input is used to study the system's natural response, typically for finding the
system's time-domain characteristics like rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot.
3. Ramp Input : A ramp input increases linearly over time. This type of input is useful for
understanding how a system tracks a linearly increasing demand over time.
4. Sinusoidal Input : A sinusoidal input is a periodic signal and is commonly used to examine the
frequency response of a system. This input helps study steady-state behavior for oscillatory inputs and
analyze the system’s gain and phase shift.
Simulink Diagram:
1.Step Input
2.Ramp Input
3.Parabolic Input
4.Impulse Input
Procedure:
1.Open Simulink and create a new model.
2. Insert a Transfer Function block from the Simulink library and set the transfer function to ,
where k and τ are your system parameters.
3. Add different input blocks (Step, Impulse, Ramp, and Sine wave) from the Sources library to
simulate the various input types.
4.Connect the input blocks to the input of the Transfer Function block.
5.Add a Scope block to the output of the Transfer Function to visualize the system’s response.
6. Set the parameters for the Transfer Function (gain K and τ) and configure the input blocks
(e.g., frequency and amplitude for the sine wave).
7.Run the simulation and observe the system’s output on the Scope for each input signal.
8. Analyze the plots to study how the system behaves in response to different inputs (step, impulse,
ramp, and sinusoidal).
Result:
1. Step Output
2.Ramp Output
3.Parabolic Output
4.Impulse Output
Conclusion:In this experiment, the response of a first-order closed-loop system was analyzed in
Simulink with different inputs (step, impulse, ramp, and sinusoidal). By setting the transfer function and
adjusting system parameters, we observed key behaviors like steady-state value, settling time, and phase
shift. This hands-on approach helped visualize the system dynamics and understand the impact of gain
and time constant on system performance.
