13.

Internal Combustion Engine

Construction and working of internal combustion engines, comparison of diesel
engine and petrol engine. Systems of internal combustion engine, performance of
internal combustion engines.

Ans : (a) Because are turn of the camshaft completes

1. Construction and Working of the valve operation for on entire cycle of the engine and
the 4-stroke-cycle engine make two crankshaft
Internal Combustion Engines revolutions to complete one cycle, the camshaft turns
half as fast as the crankshaft.
1. In a four-stroke cycle, the minimum 4. What is the material of connecting rod?
temperature inside the engine cylinder occurs (RRB SSE (Shift-I), 03.09.2015)
at the- RRB Bhopal Section Engineer, 24.11.2002
(a) Beginning of exhaust stroke (a) mild steel (b) forged steel
(b) Beginning of suction stroke (c) tool steel (d) cast iron
(c) End of exhaust stroke Ans : (b) Connecting Rod is made of forged steel.
(d) End of suction stroke • Piston rings are usually made of cast iron.
RRB JE 29-08-2019 • Piston is made of Aluminum alloy.
Ans. (b) : In a four stroke cycle, the minimum 5. Stroke of engine is :
temperature inside the engine occur at the beginning of (RRB SSE (Shift-III), 03.09.2015)
suction stroke and maximum temperature, occurs, at the (a) volume of the cylinder
end of power stroke. (b) length of the connecting rod
(c) internal dia of cylinder
(d) distance between TDC and BDC
Ans : (d) The stroke length is the piston travels in the
cylinder. Which is determined by distance between
TDC to BDC.
• The distance between TDC and BDC is known as
stroke (or) stroke length.
In the diagram,
6. A certain engine produces 10 kw indicated
T1 = Temperature at the suction strake power. Its mechanical efficiency is 70%. Then
T2 = Temperature at the end of power strake the frictional power is–
2. In a four-stroke engine, the working cycle is (RRB JE Bhopal Paper II (Shift-II), 26.08.2015)
completed in- (a) 2 kW (b) 2.5 kW
(a) One revolution of the crankshaft (c) 3 kW (d) 3.5 kW
(b) Two revolutions of the crankshaft Ans : (c) Given-
(c) Three revolutions of the crankshaft Indicated power = 10 kW.
(d) Four revolutions of the crankshaft Mechanical efficiency = 70%
RRB JE 29-08-2019 Brake Power
Ans. (b) : In a four stroke engine, the working cycle is Mechanical efficiency =
Indicated Power
completed in two revolutions of the crank shaft or 7200
of crank rotation. BP
0.7 =
• In a two-stroke engine, the working cycle is 10
completed in one revolutions of the crank shaft or BP = 7 kW
3600 of crank rotation. Frictional Power = Indicated power – Brake power
3. For each crankshaft revolution, the cam shaft = 10 – 7
revolves FP = 3 kW
(RRB SSE (Shift-I), 03.09.2015)
RRB Kolkata Apprentice Engg., 14.10.2001 7. Morse test is applicable only for–
(a) one-half turn (RRB JE Bhopal Paper II (Shift-II), 26.08.2015)
(b) two turns (a) Single cylinder SI engines
(c) four turns (b) Single cylinder CI engines
(d) as many turns as the number of valves in the (c) Multi-cylinder CI engines
engine (d) Multi-cylinder SI and CI engines
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Ans : (d) The Morse test is a test included to determine 11. To connect piston to the connecting rod
the power developed in each cylinder in a multi- the...are used.
cylinder IC engine. (RRB SSE (shift-II), 02.09.2015)
• The Primary objective of Morse Key test is to RRB Chandigarh Section Engineer, 26.02.2012
determine F.P. the engine & Mechanical efficiency (η), (a) rod caps (b) cap bolts
Power of Engine. (c) small end bearing (d) gudgeon pins
• M.K.T is valid for only Multi-Cylinder Engine. Ans : (d) Gudgeon pins are made of nickel/chromium
alloy steel.
8. Petrol and diesel engines of automobile are :
• The Gudgeon pin connects the piston with connecting
(RRB SSE Secundrabad (Shift-I), 01.09.2015) rod.
(a) Rotary engine
(b) Reciprocating engine 12. The best firing order for a six cylinder in-line
(c) External combustion engine engine is :
(d) Carnot heat engine (RRB SSE (shift-III), 02.09.2015)
(a) 1-2-3-4-5-6 (b) 2-3-4-5-6-1
Ans : (b) Petrol and diesel engines of automobile are (c) 1-4-2-6-3-5 (d) 1-5-3-6-2-4
Reciprocating engine.
Ans : (d) Best firing order for six-cylinder in-line is 1-
5-3-6-2-4
• For 4-cylinder in line is -1-3-4-2
13. Which one of the following item is made of
aluminium alloy?
(RRB SSE (shift-III), 02.09.2015)
RRB Jammu Section Engg., 2013
(a) piston ring (b) Connecting rod
(c) piston (d) crankshaft
Ans : (c) Piston is a moving component that is
• Rotary engine are used in Aircraft, not in contained by a cylinder and is made of gas tight by
automobiles. piston rings. In a engine, its purpose is to transfer force
• External combustion engine are obsolete now, and from expanding gas in the cylinder to crank shaft.
these were used in steam engines. 14. For the same rated power and same engine
• Petrol and Diesel engines used in automobiles are IC speed of a two stroke engine and a four stroke
engine. engine. Which of the following statement is
And working of IC engine is reciprocating type correct
(a) Heavier flywheel is required for two stroke
piston-cylinder arrangement.
engine
9. A cyclic device which produces work (b) Heavier flywheel is required for four stroke
continuously at the expense of heat input is engine
known as : (c) Mass of the flywheel should be same for both
(RRB SSE (Shift-III), 01.09.2015) the engines
(a) Refrigerator (b) Heat Pump (d) Mass of the flywheel depends upon the load
(c) Heat engine (d) Throttling on the engine/
Ans : (c) A cyclic device which produces work (RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009)
continuously at the expense of heat input is known as Ans. (b)
heat engine. Heat engines are categorized into two types Two stroke engine Four stroke engine
as follows- 1. One power stroke in 1. One power stroke in two
(1) External combustion engine- fuel burns outside the one revolution of the revolution of the
cylinder.
crankshaft. crankshaft.
(2) Internal combustion engine- fuel burns inside the
cylinder 2. Power developed for 2. Power developed for the
• Internal combustion engines are generally more the same engine speed same engine speed
efficient than external combustion engine. theoretically twice that theoretically half that of a
10. The component of the engine that connects the of a four stroke engine. two stroke engine.
link between the small end of the connecting 3. Uniform torque is 3. Non uniform torque on
rod and the piston is known as : obtained hence a lighter the crankshaft. Hence a
(RRB SSE (Shift-II), 01.09.2015) flywheel can be used. heavier flywheel is
(a) Cams (b) fly wheel required for balancing.
(c) Gudgeon pin (d) Piston ring 4. Mechanical 4. Mechanical efficiency is
Ans : (c) Gudgeon pins are made of nickel/chromium efficiency is high less
alloy steel. 5. These engines are 5. These engines are
• The Gudgeon pin connects the piston with connecting generally air cooled generally water cooled
rod. 6. Starting is easy 6. Starting is not so easy

519
13. Which of the following factors contribute 19. The fuel air ratio in a petrol engine fitted with
towards detonation in an engine? suction carburetor, operating with dirty air
(a) Engine overheating filter as compared to clean filter will be
(b) High compression ratio (DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
(c) Lean fuel mixture (a) higher (b) lower
(d) All option are correct (c) remain unaffected (d) unpredictable
(RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009) Ans : (d) The fuel air ratio in a petrol engine fitted with
Ans : (d) Factors affecting knocking in SI engines- suction carburetor, operating with dirty air filter as
• Engine overheating compared to clean filter will be unpredictable.
• High compression ratio 20. How is the thermal efficiency of an IC engine
• Lean fuel mixture related to compression ratio?
Compression Ratio 'r' - (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
(a) Increase
r ↑= TAFM ↑= TEnd ↑⇒ ( C.D ) E.C. ↓ (b) Decrease
ch arg e
(c) May increase or decrease
⇒ KnockingTendency ↑ (d) Remains same
TEC 
Chemical Action
(C.D.)EC ↓
→(Tself − ignition ) Petrol Ans : (a) We know that -
Knocking Tendency ↑ Thermal efficiency η = 1 – γ−1
1
16. The working cycle in case of four stroke engine rc
is completed in .......... number of revolution of
 1 
crankshaft? If compression ratio (rc)↑ then  γ−1  ↓
(a) Half (b) 1  rc 
(c) 2 (d) 4 So efficiency will be increase η ↑
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009)
21. All the processes in an air standard cycle are
Ans : (c) The working cycle in case of four stroke
assumed to be_____
engine is completed in 2 No. of revolution of
crankshaft. (a) adiabatic (b) irreversible
(c) isothermal (d) reversible
17. If the temperature of intake air in an I.C.
engine is lowered, its efficiency will
(RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
RRB Bangalore Material Engg. 21.11.2004
(RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009)
Ans : (d) Assumption of air standard cycle is-
(RRB JE Ajmer 2014) 1. The working fluid throughout the cycle is only air.
(a) increase
(b) decrease 2. The air acts as an ideal gas.
(c) remains unchanged 3. The processes occurring within the cycle are
(d) will increase upto certain limit and then internally Reversible
decrease 22. For the same operating maximum pressure and
Ans : (a) If the temperature of intake air in an I.C. temperature, which cycle will have the highest
engine lowered, its efficiency will increase. efficiency?
T ↓ (a) Diesel cycle (b) Dual cycle
η =1– 1 T1 = intake air (c) Otto cycle (d) None of these
T2 (RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008)
18. Increasing the compression ratio beyond a Ans : (a)
certain limit, results to .......... 1. For same operating maximum pressure and
(a) delay in fuel burning temperature-
(b) engine knocking ηdiesel > ηdual > ηotto
(c) excessive heat in the engine
2. For same compression ratio and heat addition.
(d) high fuel consumption
ηotto > ηdual > ηdiesel
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
(Konkan Railway SSE 2015) 3. For same compression ratio and heat rejection.
Ans : (b) Increasing the compression ratio beyond a ηotto > ηdual > ηdiesel
certain limit, results to engine knocking. 23. The accumulation of carbon in a cylinder
Factors tending to reduce knocking in SI engine - results in increase of
1. Self ignition temperature of fuel high (a) clearance volume
2. Compression ratio low (b) volumetric efficiency
3. Inlet temperature low (c) ignition time
4. Inlet pressure low (d) effective compression ratio
5. Long delay period (RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
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Ans : (d) The accumulation of carbon in a cylinder Ans : (c) Piston rings usually made of Cast-iron.
results in increase of effective compression ratio. The Two type of Piston ring are used -
accumulation of carbon deposits on the pistons, valves, (1) Compression ring (Top ring)
and combustion chamber causes poor heat transfer from
(2) Oil Ring (Bottom Ring)
the combustion chamber. Carbon accumulation also
artificially increases the compression ratio. Generally, are made up of Cast Iron alloy with Si and
Mn.
24. Which of the following factors does NOT
contribute towards detonation in an engine? 28. The two stroke cycle engine has :
(a) Engine overtheating (RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009)
(b) High compression ratio (a) one suction valve and one exhaust valve
(c) Stoichiometric fuel mixture operated by one cam
(d) Wrong spark plug (b) one suction valve and one exhaust valve
(DMRC JE 20.04.2018) operated by two cams
Ans : (c) Stoichiometric fuel mixture does not (c) only ports covered and uncovered by piston
contribute towards detonation in an engine. to effect charging and exhausting
Factors which contribute towards detonation in SI (d) None of the above
engine- Ans : (c) The two stroke cycle engine has only ports
• Engine overheating covered and uncovered by piston to effect charging and
• High compression ratio exhausting.
• Wrong place set the spark plug
• Low engine speed
• Large engine size
• Advance spark
• High inlet temperature and pressure
25. Which of the following sequence is TRUE for
same compression ratio and added heat?
(a) ηdiesel > ηotto (b) ηdiesel < ηotto
(c) ηdiesel = ηotto (d) None of these
(RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009)
Ans : (b)
• For same compression ratio and heat addition :-
ηdiesel < ηdual < ηotto
• For same compression ratio and heat rejection- 29. With increasing temperature of intake air, I.C.
ηdiesel < ηdual < ηotto engine efficiency:
• For same maximum temperature and head rejection (RRB JE Ajamer 2014 )
ηotto < ηdual < ηdiesel (a) Decreases
• For same maximum pressure and heat input (b) Remains same
ηotto < ηdual < ηdiesel (c) Increases
(d) Depends on other factor
26. Which of the following cannot be classified as
an internal combustion engine? 1
Ans : (a) η = 1 – γ –1
(a) Diesel engine (b) Petrol engine r
(c) Gas turbine (d) Steam turbine 1 T1
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009) = 1 – T / T or 1 – T
( 2 1) 2
Ans : (d) There are two type of combustion engine-
1. Internal combustion engine When the temperature of intake air is increased i.e T1 is
2. External combustion engine increased, the efficiency of the I.C. engine will
• Diesel engines, petrol engine and Gas engine are decrease.
Internal combustion engine. 30. For same compression ratio
• External combustion engine- It is such a heat engine, (RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009)
the heat needed for the working substance is (a) Thermal efficiency of otto cycle is greater
produced by burning the fuel outside the cylinder eg. than that of diesel cycle
steam turbine and steam engine. (b) Thermal efficiency of otto cycle is less than
27. Piston rings usually made of : that of diesel cycle
(RRB JE (Shift-I), 27.08.2015) (c) Both (a) & (b)
(a) Carbon steel (b) Aluminium (d) Thermal efficiency of otto cycle is equal to
(c) Cast-iron (d) Phosphorous bronze that of diesel cycle
521
Ans : (a) Ans : (d) Given that,
Crank radius (r) = 60 mm
Diameter of cylinder (D) = 80mm
Swept volume of the cylinder (Vs) = ?
We know that,
Stroke length (L) = 2r
L = 2 × 60 = 120 mm
π
Vs = × D 2 × ℓ
4
Otto = 1-2-3"-4" π
Duel = 1-2-2'-3'-4' = × (80)2 × (120)
Diesel = 1-2-3-4 4
So, same compression ratio- = 603 × 103 mm3
ηotto > ηDuel > ηDiesel Vs = 603 cm3
31. One horse power is equal to 35. Which of the statements is true?
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012) (DMRC JE 2013)
(a) 102 Watts (b) 75 Watts (a) All emissions are reduced by selective
(c) 550 Watts (d) 735 Watts catalytic converter
Ans : (d) Horse power and watts are both units of (b) Petrol engines take less space than Diesel
power. Horse power is mostly a marketing term. engine for same power output
One horse power (HP)= 735 watts (c) Diesel can be filled in petrol engine, but not
Joule vice versa
1 watts = 1 (d) Knocking doesn't depend on spark timing
sec Ans : (b)
32. The firing order for a six cylinder engine is: Feature SI CI
(RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012) Space Less Large
(a) 1-6-2-5-3-4 (b) 1-5-3-6-2-4 Flywheel Light Heavy
(c) 1-2-5-4-3-6 (d) 1-3-2-6-5-4 Vibration & Noise Low High
Ans : (b) For four cylinder engines the possible firing Speed High Low
orders are 1-2-4-3 and 1-3-4-2. Power/weight High Low
Ignition Spark Compression
The latter is in common use.
Thermal efficiency Low High
For a six cylinder engine the firing order which can be 36. The difference between indicated power and
used are 1-5-3-6-2-4, 1-5-6-2-3, 1-2-4-6-5-3 and 1-2-3- Frictional power is indicated as ............
6-5-4. (Konkan Railway STA 2017)
The first one is in common use i.e. 1-5-3-6-2-4. (a) Resultant power (b) Brake power
33. Fuel injection pressure in solid injection system (c) None of the above (d) Rated power
is approximately in the range of Ans : (b) The indicated power is the total power
(RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012) developed within the cylinder in one complete cycle
(a) 10.5 bar (b) 10.5 – 21 bar neglecting any loses.
(c) 30 – 50 bar (d) 200 – 246 bar • It is sum of the brake power and the friction power of
Ans : (d) Fuel injection pressure in solid injection an engine.
system is approximately in the range of 200-246 bar. Indicated power = Brake power + Frictional power
Types of injection system- Brake power = Indicated Power – Frictional power
1. Air injection system 37. Crankcase ventilation helps in ..............
2. solid injection system (RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009)
• Air injection system - In this injection system, fuel (a) increasing the breathing capacity of the
will be injected into the cylinder by means of engine
compressed air. (b) remove harmful particles from the engine
• Solid injection system- In this injection system, the (c) none of the above
fuel will be directly injected into the cylinder without (d) provide lubricantion to the engine
the aid of the compressed air.
Ans : (b) Crank case ventilation removes unwanted
34. The crank radius of a single-cylinder I.C. engine is gases from the crank case of an internal combustion
60 mm and the diameter of the cylinder is 80 mm. engine. The unwanted gasses called 'blow by' are gases
The swept volume of the cylinder in cm3 is: from the combustion chamber which have leaked past
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE II 29.11.2008) the piston rings.
(a) 48 (b) 96 • Two stroke engines with a crankcase compression
(c) 301 (d) 603 design do not need a crankcase ventilation.

522
38. Which of the following statement is not true Ans : (d) Assumption of air standard efficiency-
about valve? 1. Air is working fluid.
(RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009) 2. Air behave as ideal fluid
(a) Exhaust valve is made of two different of
materials 3. All process are reversible
(b) Exhaust valve diameter is bigger than inlet 4. Specific heat remains constant at all temperature.
valve diameter 5. No account of the mechanism of heat transfer is
(c) Inlet valve diameter is bigger than exhaust considered.
valve diameter 43. In an IC engine, the connecting rod connects
(d) Valve used in 4-stroke diesel engine are which of the following pair of parts
called poppet valves (RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012)
Ans : (b) In an IC engine, the devices which are used to RRB Kolkata Technical-Engg., 20.08.2006
restrict and release the flow of inlet fuel and exhaust (a) Piston and crankshaft
gasses are called engine valve. (b) Cylinder and crankshaft
• Exhaust valve is made of two different of materials (c) Cylinder and piston
• Inlet valve diameter is bigger than exhaust valve (d) None of these
diameter Ans : (a)
• Valve used in 4-stroke diesel engine are called poppet
valve.
39. How many cylinders does a rotary internal
combustion engine has?
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) 4 (b) 5
(c) 6 (d) 7
Ans : (d) Rotary internal combustion engine consists of
seven cylinder in one plane and all revolves about fixed A– Small end Bearing
centre. B – Big end Bearing
• In this engine, when the connecting rod rotates the C – Crankshaft
piston reciprocates inside the cylinder. 44. The instrument used to check the state of
40. Which of the following statements is incorrect charge of battery is?
regarding a four stroke engine as compared to (RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
a two stroke engine ? (a) Hydrometer (b) Hygrometer
(RRB Allahabad JE 09.09.2012) (c) Battery eliminator (d) Anemometer
(a) It requires a heavier foundation
Ans : (a) The instrument used to check the state of
(b) It can be easily started.
(c) More cooling time is available charge of battery is hydrometer.
(d) It occupies greater space A hydrometer is specifically used for measuring low
Ans : (b) In four stroke engine starting is not so easy density liquids such as gasoline, alcohol and kerosene
as compared to two stroke engine. as well as high density ones such as acids, brine and
• Where as it occupy greater space and require a milk.
heavier foundation. Devices Use to measure
41. .............. is the duration of the crank angle after Hygrometer - Relative humidity
exhaust stroke in which both inlet valve and Anemometer - Wind velocity
exhaust valve are open. Sextant - Altitude
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009) Pyrometer - Extremely high temperature
(a) Negative overlap angle 45. Engine pistons are usually made up of
(b) Positive overlap angle aluminium alloys because:
(c) Flank angle (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
(d) None of the above (a) It is lighter (b) It is stronger
Ans : (b) Positive over lap angle is the duration of the (c) It has less wear (d) It absorbs shocks
crank angle after exhaust stroke in which both inlet Ans : (a) Cylindrical shaped mass which reciprocates in
valve and exhaust valve are open. the cylinder and transmits the pressure forces in the
42. Which is the wrong assumption for calculation combustion chamber to the rotating crank shaft through
of air standard efficiency ? connecting rod and crank mechanism is called piston.
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE II 29.11.2008) • Engine pistons are usually made up of aluminium
RRB Bangalore Section Eng. (Mech.), 01.02.2009 alloys because it is lighter in weight.
(a) All processes are reversible 46. The materials used for cylinder block are:
(b) Specific heat remains constant at all (DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
temperatures (a) Cast iron and steel
(c) No account of the mechanism of heat transfer (b) Cast iron and aluminium
is considered (c) Steel and aluminium
(d) Gases dissociate at higher temperatures (d) Brass and steel
523
Ans : (b) Ans : (b) Material used for the insulating body of a
Component Material spark plug is alumina. A spark plug has a metal
Cylinder & cylinder head Cast iron, Aluminium alloy threaded shell, electrically isolated from a central
Piston Cast iron, Aluminium alloy electrode, which may contain a resister.
Piston ring Cast iron • Spark plug is used in SI engine to generate sparking.
Connecting rod Forged steel 51. Which of the following fuel has maximum
Crank shaft Forged steel resistance to detonation?
Bearing White metal, gun metal (RRB Gorakhpur RDSO SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) Toluene (b) iso-octane
47. The minimum number of compression rings in
(c) Benzene (d) n-heptane
an automotive engine is:
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) Ans : (b) Iso-octane chemically being a very good
antiknock fuel, is arbitrarily assigned a rating of 100
(a) one (b) two
octane Number.
(c) three (d) four
52. Dynamo is used to convert:
Ans : (b) A minimum of two compression rings are (RRB Mumbai C&G SSE 25.10.2009)
required because of the high pressure difference (a) mechanical energy into electrical energy
between the combustion chamber and the crankcase at (b) electrical energy into mechanical energy
the beginning of the power stroke. (c) mechanical energy into chemical energy
48. The function of a crosshead is to guide motion (d) chemical into electrical energy
of the..............and to prevent it from bending. Ans : (a) Dynamo is used to convert mechanical energy
(RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008) into electrical energy.
(a) piston rod (b) connecting rod A dynamo is a electrical generator that creates direct
(c) eccentric rod (d) valve rod current using a commutator. Dynamo usually driven by
Ans : (a) Crosshead is a mechanical joint used as part steam engines, where widely used in power stations to
of the slider-crank linkage of long reciprocating engine. generate electricity for industrial and domestic purpose.
Also the crosshead enables the connecting rod to freely 53. In two-stroke engine, the cycle completes in:
move outside the cylinder. (RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012)
• The function of a cross head is to guide motion of the (a) two revolution of crank shaft
(b) one revolution of crank shaft
piston rod and to prevent it from bending.
(c) half revolution of crank shaft
• Cross head is a beam that connects the piston rod to (d) four revolution of crank shaft
the connecting rod of a reciprocating engine. Ans : (b) Two-stroke engines : In this engine, power
49. The Fan belt in automobiles is stroke is obtained in each revolution of the crankshaft.
(DMRC JE 2013) Four-stroke engines : In this type of engine one power
(a) B-section V belt stroke is obtained in two revolutions of the crankshaft.
(b) A five layer flat belt 54. In magneto ignition system, as the engine speed
(c) E- section V belt increases, the value of current
(d) A three layer flat belt (RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009)
Ans : (a) The fan belt is a flexible synthetic rubber band (a) increases
which connects various engine components together. It (b) decreases
has a long series of teeth running along the inner (c) remains the same
surface of the belt which generate traction, allowing it (d) may increase or decrease
to grip to the shafts. It connects and keeping it from Ans : (a) In magneto ignition system, as the engine
slipping off at any point. speed increases, the value of current increases.
• Fan belt in automobile is B-section V belt. Thus with magneto there is always a starting difficulty
and sometimes a separate battery is needed for starting.
The magneto is best at high speeds and therefore is
widely used for sports and racing cars, aircraft engine.
55. Two stroke engines have
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) valves (b) ports
(c) both (a) & (b) (d) None of these
Ans : (b) Two stroke engine have 3 parts -
• Exhaust ports
• Transfer ports
• Inlet ports
50. What material is used for the insulating body 56. The engine part that joins piston and
of a spark plug? connecting rod is called
(Kolkata Railway TA 2017) (Konkan Railway TA 2017)
(a) Silica (b) Alumina (a) piston crown (b) piston ring
(c) Glass (d) Dolomite (c) crank pin (d) gudgeon pin
524
Ans : (d) The gudgeon pin connects the piston with the Ans : (a) The silencer is provided to reduce the noise
connecting rod. of IC engine. When flow of exhaust gases from the
• The gudgeon pins are made of nickel/chromium engine to the atmosphere is obtruded to any degree,
alloy of steel. back pressure arises and the engine's efficiency and
therefore power, is reduced.
61. Number of working strokes per minute for a two
stroke cycle engine as compared to speed of the
engine in rpm, is
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
(a) half (b) double
(c) same (d) four times
Ans : (c) Number of working strokes per minute for a
two stroke cycle engine as compared to speed of the
engine in rpm, is same.
57. A square engine has • Number of working strokes per minute for a four
(DMRC JE 20.04.2018) stroke cycle engine as compared to speed of the
(a) Square cylinder engine in rpm, is one half.
(b) Square piston n = No. of working stroke/minute
(c) Cylinder bore equal to stroke length N = Speed of engine (r.p.m)
(d) None of these for 2-stroke, n= N Speed of engine (rpm)
Ans : (c) D = L square engine N
D > L Over square engine for 4 stroke, n =
D < L Under square engine 2
62. If in a diesel engine petrol is used then the
engine will :
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
(a) run at high speed
(b) run with high knocking
(c) run at low speed
(d) explode
Where, Ans : (b) If in a diesel engine, petrol is used then
D = Bore diameter engine will run with high knocking. This happens
L = Stroke length because diesel fuel is less volatile as compared to
58. Detonation is said to take place in the engine petrol. During the compression stroke, the piston
when: before reaching the top dead centre started burning
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010) and combustion starts, which leads to knocking.
(a) sudden acceleration is imparted to the engine 63. Which is not a part of magneto-ignition system?
(b) temperature rise to too high (RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010)
(c) high pressure waves are setup (a) induction coil (b) circuit breaks
(d) combustion of fuel takes place without spark (c) condenser (d) battery
provided to it Ans : (d) Basic ignition system -
Ans : (c) Detonation occurs when excessive heat and 1. Battery ignition system (coil system)
pressure in the combustion chamber causes the air/fuel 2. Magneto ignition system
mixture about to ignite on its own. 3. Electric ignition system
• Detonation is the abrupt combustion or explosion of Components of Battery ignition system-
the fuel charge inside the cylinder. • Battery
• In general, detonation is the cause and knocking is the • Ignition switch
after effect. • Primary coil
59. For a four-cylinder engine, the firing order for • Breaker point
evenness of torque is • Capacitor
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010) • Secondary coil
(a) 1–3–2–4 (b) 1–2–3–4 Components of magneto ignition system -
(c) 1–4–2–3 (d) 1–3–4–2 • Induction coil
Ans : (d) The order in which various cylinders of a • Circuit breaker
multicylinder engine fire is called the firing order. • Condenser
The Four-cylinder engines the possible firing order- • Magnet
1-3-4-2 (or) 1-2-4-3 • Transfer core
60. The silencer of an IC engine • Contact breaker
(BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019) • Distributor
(a) reduces noise • Rotor
(b) decreases brake specific fuel consumption • Distributor
(c) increases brake specific fuel consumption • Spark plug lead
(d) has no effect on efficiency • Spark plug
525
64. The purpose of the flywheel in an IC engine is : Ans : (d) The function of governor is to maintain the
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009) speed of engine. Whenever there is a variation of load.
(a) To increase the power capacity of the engine 69. The correct sequence of stroke in a four stroke
(b) To reduce the vibration in an engine engine is :
(c) To regulate the fuel supply (RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
(d) To keep the output power constant at the (a) Suction, compression, exhaust and expansion
crank shaft (b) expansion, compression, suction and exhaust
Ans : (d) In IC engine power stroke work/power is (c) suction, compression, expansion and exhaust
obtained and is stored in fly wheel due to inertia when (d) suction, expansion, compression and exhaust
power is needed for suction, compression and exhaust Ans : (c) Correct sequence of stroke in 4-stroke engine-
stroke. It is supplied back from flywheel to engine.
• The purpose of the flywheel in an IC engine is to keep
the output power constant at the crank shaft.
65. For the same compression ratio and heat input,
the efficiency of an otto cycle engine as
compared to diesel engine is
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009)
(a) More (b) Less
(c) Equal (d) None of these
Ans : (a) For same compression ratio and heat input-
otto cycle efficiency > Dual cycle efficiency > Diesel 0 - 1 →Suction
cycle efficiency. 1 - 2 → compression
66. In a four stroke engine, for how much angular 3 - 4 → expansion
displacement of crank shaft, the exhaust valve 1 - 0 → exhaust
actually remains open? At constant volume process (4-1) is Heat rejection.
(RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012) At constant volume process (2-3) is Heat addition.
(a) 1800 (b) More than 1800 70. For the same output, same speed and same
0
(c) Less than 180 (d) 3600 compression ratio the thermal efficency of a
Ans : (b) In 4-stroke engine more than 180º two stroke cycle petrol engine as compared to
displacement of crank shaft, the exhaust valve actually that for four stroke cycle petrol engine is-
remains open. (RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) less
(b) same as long as output is same
(c) same as long as compression ratio is same
(d) more
Ans : (a)
Two stroke cycle Four-stroke cycle
engine engine
1 One revolution of Two revolution of
crankshaft within one crankshaft within one
power stroke power stroke
2 It generate higher It generate less torque
EVO = Exhaust valve open about 50º before BDC torque
EVC = Exhaust valve close about 0º to 10º after TDC 3 Less thermal More thermal efficiency
As shown in figure crank displacement angle is EVO to efficiency because
EVC more than 180º. some fuel loss through
67. Violent sound pulsations within the cylinder of scavenging
an I.C. engine are caused due to 4 More mechanical Less mechanical
(RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012) efficiency efficiency
(a) heavy turbulence and vibration 5 High power to weight Less power to weight
(b) improved scavenging ratio ratio
(c) heavy supercharging 71. The power from the engine to the rear axle of
(d) detonation an automobile is transmitted by means of-
Ans : (d) Violent sound pulsation within the cylinder of (RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009)
an I.C engine are caused due to detonation. (a) Worm & worm wheel (b) Bevel gears
(c) Spur gears (d) Hooke's joint
68. In an IC engine, the function of the governor is to
control which of the following? Ans : (d) A Hook's joint commonly known as a
(RRB Mumbai JE 05.10.2008) universal joint is used to connect two nonparallel and
(a) Maximum speed intersecting shaft.
(b) Mean speed • A common application of this joint is in an
(c) Engine temperature automobile where it is used to transmit power from
(d) Load fluctuations the gearbox of the engine to the differential.
526
72. The level of oil in engine cylinder should be 77. In a 4-stroke IC engine, the turning moment
checked during the compression stroke is
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012) (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
(a) Before starting (b) During idling (a) Positive throughout
(c) During cranking (d) While running (b) Negative throughout
Ans : (a) The level of the oil in the engine Cylinder (c) Positive during major portion of the stroke
should be checked before starting the engine for the (d) Negative during major portion of the stroke
accurate measurement of the level of the oil in the Ans : (b)
engine cylinder.
• Idling is a process where the engine in the starting
state but the vehicle is not moving.
73. If in a petrol engine by mistake diesel fuel is
supplied then engine will be
(RRB Gorakhpur Design SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) Not run
(b) Give dense smoke and will consume more fuel
(c) Run for some time and then stop
(d) Run smoothly
Ans : (a) If in a petrol engine by mistake diesel fuel is 4-Stroke IC engine, the turning moment during the
supplied then engine will be not run. compression stroke is Negative throughout.
If diesel is supplied to a petrol engine, it will not, 78. The temperature of interior surface of cylinder
because the auto-ignition point of diesel is low. wall of I.C. Engine is normally not allowed to
Therefore on supplied of diesel fuel in petrol engine, it exceed
will automatically start burning during partial (DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
compression due to which power will be generated (a) 800 C (b) 1300 C
before the power stroke and this power is not useful (c) 1800 C (d) 3400 C
because at this moment Piston is not on TDC.
Ans : (c) The peak cylinder gas temperature
74. Stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by volume for approximately 2800K while the temperature of the
combustion of methane in air is
cylinder inner wall surface may be 450K (180ºC) due
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012) to cooling.
(a) 15 : 1 (b) 17.16 : 1
(c) 9.53 : 1 (d) 10.58 : 1 79. In which of the following type of engine, the
Ans : (c) inlet and exhausted valves are fitted in the
Air cylinder head?
(Konkan Railway STA 2017)
CH 4 + 2O 2 + N 2  → CO 2 + 2H 2 O + N 2
(a) F-head (b) I-head
Volume required for complete combustion of 1 unit (c) L-head (d) T-head
volume of CH4 (methan) = 2×volume of O2 Ans : (b) In I-head engine, the inlet and exhausted
100 values are fitted in the cylinder head.
= 2×
21 According to the arrangement of valves cylinder heads
≅ 9.52 are also classified as-
Therefore, combustion of methane is air : fuel ratio. 1. F - head 2. I- head
= (9.53 : 1) 3. L-head 4. T- head
75. The automobile exhaust will have maximum of • In L-head, both the inlet and exhaust valves are on
hydrocarbons when the vehicle is one side of the engine.
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010) • In T-head engines have the inlet valves on one side
(a) Idling (b) Cruising and the exhaust valves on the other side.
(c) Accelerating (d) Running at high speeds 80. Which one of the following is not a function of
Ans : (a) The automobile exhaust will be have piston rings?
maximum of hydrocarbons when the vehicle is idling. (RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009)
76. Which is the antifreeze solution commonly used (a) To work as sliding seal between piston and
in automobiles? cylinder
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010) (b) To control the lubrication between the piston
(a) Carbon disulphide (b) Alcohol and cylinder walls
(c) Ammonia chloride (d) Brine (c) To assist the cooling of piston
Ans : (b) Commonly used antifreeze are Alcohol (d) To assist the cooling of cylinder liner
loose and ethylene glycol. Ans : (d) Function of piston rings -
• Ethylene glycol is an organic compound and it is 1. To work as sliding seal between piston and cylinder.
used in automobile and industrial applications like 2. To control the lubrication between the piston and
antifreeze formulations. It is moderately toxic and cylinder walls
odorless sweet testing liquid. 3. To assist the cooling of piston
527
81. 1200 c.c., 4-Cylinder engine has– 86. Heat is rejected in the diesel cycle :
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012) (a) during the reversible constant pressure
(a) Swept volume of each cylinder = 300 c.c. process
(b) Total volume of each cylinder = 300 c.c. (b) during the reversible isothermal process
(c) Total volume of each cylinder = 1200 c.c. (c) during the isentropic process
(d) Swept volume of each cylinder = 1200 c.c. (d) during the reversible constant volume process
Ans : (a) 1200cc, 4-cylinder engine has - DMRC JE 17.04.2018, 4:30-6:45pm
4-cylinder = 1200cc
Ans : (d)
1200
So, 1-cylinder = = 300cc
4
• It means swept volume of each cylinder is 300cc.
82. Number of positive plates in a cell of Lead-Acid
battery is–
(RRB Allahabad JE 09.09.2012)
(a) One more than the number of negative plates
(b) One less than the number of negative plates
(c) Two more than the number of negative plates 1-2 Process :- Isentropic Compression
(d) Two less than the number of negative plates 2-3 Process:- Constant pressure heat addition
Ans : (b) Number of positive plates in a cell of lead- 3-4 Process:- Isentropic expansion
acid battery is one less than the number of negative 4-1 Process:- Constant volume heat rejection
plates. • A diesel engine takes air, compressed it and then
positive plate = Negative plate – 1 injects fuel into the compressed air the heat of the
• When battery is fully charged condition, the positive compressed air ignites the fuel spontaneously.
plate is dark brown in colour. • A diesel engine has compression ratio from 16 to 24
• When battery is fully charged condition, the negative the combustion in C.I. engine is heterogeneous.
plate is grey in colour.
83. The battery test which is similar to the 87. What will be the effect on the thermal
situation produced by the starting motor is– efficiency of the diesel cycle if the compression
(RRB Banglore SSE 09.09.2012) ratio is fixed and the cut off ratio is increased?
(a) Specific gravity test (b) Open voltage test (a) Decreases
(c) High discharge test (d) Cadmium test (b) Increases
Ans : (c) The battery test which is similar to the (c) Zero
situation produced by the starting motor is high (d) May increases or decreases
discharge test. (RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
84. The electrolyte used in Lead-Acid battery is– RRB Chandigarh Section Eng. (Mech.),
(RRB Mumbai C&G SSE 25.10.2009) 26.02.2012
(a) Sulphuric acid and lead DMRC JE 22.09.2017
(b) Distilled water and lead
(c) Sulphuric acid and distilled water Ans : (a) Thermal efficiency of diesel cycle
(d) Only distilled water 1  ργ − 1 
Ans : (c) The electrolyte used in lead-acid battery is ηD = 1 −  
sulphuric acid distilled water. In lead-acid battery, the ( rc )γ−1  γ ( ρ − 1) 
cathode is made of lead dioxide and the anode is made When,
of metallic lead. The two electrodes are separated by an
ρ↑ ηDiesel ↓
electrolyte of sulphuric acid.
rc ↑ ηDiesel ↑
2 . Comparison of diesel engine and So, we can say that when cut off ratio of diesel cycle
increases thermal efficiency decreases.
petrol engine
Where,
ρ → cut − off ratio
85. Which of the following is NOT related to a
spark ignition engine? rc → compression ratio
(a) Carburettor (b) Ignition coil 88. Which of the following method of fuel ignition
(c) Spark plug (d) Fuel injector is used in diesel engine?
RRB JE 29-08-2019 (a) Spark plug
Ans. (d) : Fuel injector is not related to a spark ignition (b) Fuel injector
engine (Petrol engine). (c) Combustion chamber
• Fuel injector is the part of compression ignition (d) Heat from compressed air
engine (Diesel Engine). (RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
528
Ans : (d) In a diesel engine, only air is compressed and 92. Which denoted path is followed by the Diesel
fuel is injected at the end of the compression stroke. Cycle in the below P–V diagram?
Due to the high temperature of compressed air, fuel is
ignited.
• The petrol engine uses a spark plug for ignition.
• Compression ratio for diesel engine is 16-24.
• Compression ratio for petrol engine is 6-12.
89. What happens to the rating of a diesel engine,
when the temperature of intake air is
increased?
(a) Increases linearly
(a) 1–2–4–7–1 (b) 1–2–3–5–7–1
(b) Decreases linearly
(c) 1–2–6–7–1 (d) None of these
(c) Increases parabolically
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010)
(d) Decreases parabolically
Ans : (c)
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
Ans : (b) We know that

Diesel cycle
1  ργ − 1 1–2–4–7–1 Otto cycle
η = 1−  
γ r γ −1
 ρ −1  1–2–3–5–7–1 Dual cycle
T  93. What is the other name for diesel cycle?
T1  4 − 1 (a) Constant pressure cycle
T
 1 
= 1− (b) Constant temperature cycle
T  (c) Constant volume cycle
γT2  3 − 1
 T2  (d) None of these
Thus with the increase in inlet temperature, efficiency (DMRC JE 2013)
decrease linearly and so rating decrease linearly. Ans : (a)
90. Which of the following medium is compressed
in a diesel engine?
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
(a) Air (b) Fuel
(c) Air and fuel (d) Air and lubricant oil
Ans : (a) Air is compressed in a diesel engine.
In diesel engine, only air is inducted into the combustion
chamber during in suction.
This air is compressed during the compression stroke
and towards the end of compression stroke, fuel is (Diesel cycle)
injected by the fuel injection system into the cylinder 94. How is the rate of burning of fuel controlled in
just before the desired start of combustion. the compression ignition engine?
(a) Controlling the design of cylinder
91. In the opposed piston diesel engine, the
(b) Rate of injection of fuel
combustion chamber is located
(c) Rate of air into carburetor
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
(d) Controlling temperature of the engine
(a) above the piston (b) below the piston
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010)
(c) between the piston (d) anywhere
Ans : (b) Rate of injection of fuel is the rate of burning
Ans : (c) In opposed-piston engines pistons are of fuel controlled in the compression ignition
arranged in such a way that pistons are reciprocating engine.
opposite to each other both working in one cylinder.
95. Which of the following is a false statement?
Most often such machines work as 2-stroke engines. A Excess quantities of Sulphur in diesel fuel are
combustion chamber is formed between piston near the objectionable because it may cause the
top dead centre. following?
529
 (a) piston ring and cylinder wear • When the spark plug is not intense enough, proper
(b) formation of hard coating on piston skirts ignition does not take place.
(c) oil sludge in the egnine crank case • When there is no spark, a misfire occurs and the
(d) detonation entire charge in the cylinder gets exhausted.
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009) 100. For a given compression ratio, to reduce the
Ans : (d) Excess quantities of sulphur in diesel fuel are tendency to knock in an SI engine:
objectionable because it may causes - (a) Spark timing may be retarded
1. Piston ring and cylinder wear. (b) The spark plug may be located farthest from
2. Formation of hard coating on piston skirts. the exhaust valve
3. Oil sludge in the engine crank case. (c) A quiescent combustion chamber with slower
96. Installation of supercharger on a four-cycle flame propagation rate may be used
diesel engine can result in the following (d) Organic nitrites may be used in the fuel
percentage increase in power (RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009)
(a) upto 25%/25% (b) upto 35%/35% Ans. (a) For a given compression ratio, to reduce the
(c) upto 50%/50% (d) none of these tendency to knock in an SI engine spark timing may be
(RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009) retarded.
Ans : (d) The installation of supercharger on a four Factor tending to reduce knocking in SI engine-
stroke (cycle) diesel engine increases the power upto (1) Self ignition temperature of fuel -high
70% - 80%. (2) Compression ratio - low
97. In order to prevent formation of carbon on the (3) Inlet temperature and pressure - low
injector, the temperature (in0C) of nozzle tip (4) Spark advance - No
should be (5) Supercharging -No
(a) less than 100 (b) between 100-250 (6) Flame travel distance - Small
(c) between 250-300 (d) between 400-500 (7) Turbulence -high
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009) (8) Octane rating - high
Ans : (c) In order to prevent formation of carbon on the 101. In carburetors, the top of the fuel jet with
injector, the temperature of nozzle tip should be reference to the level in the float chamber is
between 250-300ºC.
kept :
98. A petrol engine has compression ratio from : (DMRC JE 2013)
(a) 6 to 10 (b) 10 to 15 (a) at slightly higher level
(c) 25 to 40 (d) 15 to 25
(b) at slightly lower level
DMRC JE 17.04.2018 12:15-2:30 PM
(c) anywhere
(NMRC 05.03.2017, 12 p.m.)
(RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012) (d) at the same level
Ans : (a) A petrol engine has compression ratio from Ans. (a) : In carburetors, the top of the fuel jet with
6-12. reference to the level in the float chamber is kept at
Total volume slightly higher level.
Compression ratio ( rc ) = • The tip of nozzle in venturi tube is kept 4-5 mm above
Clearance volume
the level of petrol in float chamber, known as tip height.
Sweptvolume + Clearance volume
= 102. Solex carburetors is
Clearance volume (a) multiple venturi (b) constant choke
Sweept volume (c) constant vacuum (d) multi jet
= 1+
clearance volume (RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008)
• Thermal efficiency of IC engine (Petrol/diesel) Ans. (b) : Solex and zenith carburetors belong to
depends upon rc. constant choke carburetor. In the constant choke
99. The functional requirement of spark plug is to carburetor, the air and fuel areas are always maintained
allow a spark to form............ to be constant.
(a) in the inlet port to initiate combustion process • S.U. and carter carburetors belong to constant
(b) none of the above vacuum carburetor.
(c) within combustion chamber to initiate • Solex carburetor is used in passenger cars and
burning commercial vehicles.
(d) combustion if self-ignition does not happen
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012) 103. Which of the following does not relate to spark
ignition engine?
Ans. (c) : The function of the spark plug is to produce a
spark of adequate intensity to initiate combustion within (a) Carburetor (b) Fuel injector
the combustion chamber and propagate the flame front (c) Spark plug (d) Ignition coil
effectively to ensue clean and complete combustion. (RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
530
Ans. (b) : In spark Ignition engine is related to Ans : (a) A spark ignition engine is an internal
• Carburetor combustion engine generally a petrol engine, where the
• Spark plug combustion process of the air fuel mixture is ignited by
• Ignition coil a spark from a spark plug.
While fuel injector is used in CI engine. 107. Ignition quality of petrol is expressed by
104. Which of the following cycle is used in spark (a) octane number
ignition (SI) engine? (b) cetane number
(a) Carnot cycle (b) Diesel cycle (c) calorific value
(c) Dual cycle (d) Otto cycle (d) self-ignition temperature
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009) (JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
Ans : (d) Otto cycle is used in spark ignition (SI) (RRB JE Allahabad 2014 )
engine. Ans : (a) Ignition quality of petrol is expressed by
Otto cycle - octane No.
• High octane No. lower will be detonation.

108. Which factor contributes to the efficiency of

the Otto cycle?
It consists of two constant volume (V=C) process and (a) Compression ratio
two isentropic (S=C) process. (b) Operating pressure
Efficiency of otto cycle - (c) Operating temperature
1 (d) None of these
ηotto = 1 –
( rc )
γ−1 (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
1
Where, Ans : (a) Efficiency of otto cycle ( ηotto ) = 1 − γ−1
rc → Compression ratio ( rc )
γ → Adiabatic index ηotto = f (rc, γ)
105. In a Otto cycle, how does heat addition takes Where rc = Compression ratio
place? γ = Adiabatic index
(a) Irreversibly at constant pressure
109. The minimum cranking speed in case of petrol
(b) Irreversibly at constant volume
engine is about
(c) Reversibly at constant pressure
(a) half the operating speed
(d) Reversibly at constant volume
(b) one-fourth of operating speed
(BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
(c) 250 − 300 rpm
Ans : (d) All process is reversible and heat rejection &
heat addition is at constant volume. (d) 60 − 80 rpm
(RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
RRB Bangalore Section Eng. (Mech.), 01.02.2009
Ans. (d) : Minimum cranking speed is achieved by
providing the necessary torque, which is actually a
purpose of starter motor. As the starter motor rotates the
flywheel, the cranks shaft is turned, which then starts
piston movement.
• The minimum craking speed in case of petrol
engine is about 60-80 rpm.
110. For an Otto cycle, what is the air standard
106. Which of the engine has a spark plug used for efficiency (in %), if the compression ratio is 5
igniting the fuel? for the swept volume?
(a) Petrol engine (b) Diesel engine (a) 45 (b) 47.46
(c) Steam engine (d) Gas engine (c) 49.74 (d) 50
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017) (Konkan Railway STA 2017)
531
Ans. (b) : Compression ratio (rc) = 5 (a) Decreases
γ −1 (b) Increases
1 (c) Ramains same
Efficiency of otto cycle (ηotto) = 1 −  
 rc  (d) Depends on other factors
Ans : (a) By increasing intake air temperature, the
γ = 1.4 (for air)
1.4 −1
efficiency of SI engine decrease.
1 γ−1
ηotto = 1 −   = 0.4746 T ↑ V  1
5 η ↓= 1 − 1 = 1 −  2  = 1 − γ−1
T2  V1  r
ηotto = 47.46%
When the temperature of intake air is increased i-e T1 is
111. Which denoted path is followed by the Otto increased, the efficiency of the IC engine will decrease.
cycle in the below P-V diagram? 114. DPF is the acronym of ..............
(DMRC JE 2013) (RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009)
(a) Direct purification filter
(b) Differential proportional function
(c) Diesel particulate filter
(d) Diesel purification facility
Ans : (c) DPF is the acronym of diesel particulate filter.
A diesel particulate filter is a device designed to remove
diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of
a diesel engine.
115. In a carburator idling system is used:
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) 1-2-4-7-1 (b) 1-2-3-5-7-1 (a) For cold starting
(c) 1-2-6-7-1 (d) None of these (b) To compensate for dilution of charge due to
residual gases
Ans. (a) : 1-2-4-7-1 path denote the otto cycle. (c) For rapid opening of throttle
(d) For meeting maximum power requirements
Ans : (b) The idling system is used to compensate for
dilution of charge due to residual gases.
• Economizer is used for meeting maximum power
range of operation.
• Acceleration pump is used for meeting rapid opening
of throttle valve.
• Choke is used for cold starting.
112. Otto cycle is the air standard cycle of ––––––– 116. How many power strokes per second shall take
(a) compression ignition (CI) engine place in a four-stroke petrol engine rotating at
(b) spark ignition (SI) engine 3000 r.p.m.?
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009)
(c) both SI and CI engines (a) 1500 (b) 25
(d) None of these (c) 50 (d) 100
(Konkan Railway TA 2017) Ans : (b) N = 3000 r.p.m.
Ans. (b) : Otto cycle corresponds to spark-ignition Power stroke per second for a four stroke petrol engine-
Process 1-2 - Isentropic compression N
=
Process 2-3 - Heat is supplied reversibly at constant 2 × 60
volume. 3000
Process 3-4 - Isentropic expansion = = 25
2 × 60
Process 4-1 - Const. volume heat rejection process Note :-
• Number of power stroke per minute for two stroke
engine = N (rpm)
• Number of power stroke per minute for four stroke
engine = N/2
117. For the same heat added and the same
compression ratio,_____
(a) Otto cycle is more efficient than diesel cycle.
(b) Diesel cycle is more efficient than Otto cycle.
(c) Both Diesel and Otto cycle are equally
113. With increasing temperature of intake air, IC efficient.
engine efficiency : (d) Cannot be determined.
(RRB JE Bhopal Paper-I (Shift-II), 28.08.2015) (RRB Gorakhpur RDSO SSE 25.10.2009)
532
Ans : (a) For same compression ratio and heat addition- (c) is less than the diesel cycle and greater than
ηotto > ηdual > ηdiesel the otto cycle
• For same compression ratio and heat rejection. (d) is less than the otto cycle and greater than the
diesel cycle
ηotto > ηdual > ηdiesel (RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
• For same maximum temperature and heat rejection.
Ans : (d) For the same compression ratio, the efficiency
ηdiesel > ηdual > ηotto of the dual cycle is less than the Otto cycle and greater
• For same maximum pressure and heat input- than the diesel cycle.
ηdiesel > ηdual > ηotto ηotto > ηdual > ηdiesel
118. The combustion in a compression ignition Thermal efficiency of dual cycle.
engine is___
α (ρ) – 1
γ
1  
(a) heterogeneous (b) homogenous ηth = 1 – γ –1  
(c) laminar (d) turbulent ( rc )  ( α – 1) + αγ ( ρ – 1) 
(RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009) α → Pressure ratio
Ans : (a) The combustion in a compression ignition ρ → cut- off ratio
engine is heterogamous mixture of air and fuel while in rc → Compression ratio
SI engine A/F mixture is Homogeneous. • If pressure ratio (α)= 1, dual cycle becomes diesel
119. The efficiency of the diesel cycle increases cycle.
(a) with increase in cut-off ratio • If cut-off ratio (ρ) = 1, dual cycle becomes otto
(b) with decrease in cut–off ratio cycle.
(c) remains unaffected 122. Which of the following engine can be associated
(d) unpredictable with heterogeneous combustion?
(RRB Malda SSE 25.10.2009) (a) Spark ignition
Ans : (b) Thermal efficiency of diesel cycle (b) Compression ignition
(c) Both Spark ignition and Compression ignition
1  ρ γ−1  (d) Neither Spark ignition and Compression
ηdiesel = 1 − γ−1  γ ( ρ − 1) 
( c) 
r  
 ignition
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012)
ηdiesel = f (rc , ρ, γ ) Ans : (b) Compression ignition (CI) engine is
when, associated with heterogeneous combustion.
rc ↑ ηdiesel ↑ • Spark ignition (SI) engine is associated with
homogeneous combustion.
ρ ↑ ηdiesel ↓ 123. In a diesel cycle, heat is rejected at...........
γ ↑ ηdiesel ↑ (a) constant volume
where, (b) constant pressure
rc = Compression ratio (c) first at constant volume, then at constant
pressure
γ = Adiabatic index (d) first at constant pressure, then at constant
ρ = Cut-off ratio volume
120. The thermal efficiency of a diesel engine lies in (RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
the range of ________. Ans : (a) In a diesel cycle, Heat is rejected at constant
(a) 30%–35% (b) 45%–50% volume.
(c) 60%–65% (d) 70%–75%
(RRB Gorakhpur Design SSE 09.09.2012)
Ans : (a) Thermal efficiency of diesel engine lies in the
range of 30- 35%.
• As the compression ratio increases or cut-off ratio
decreases, thermal efficiency of the diesel cycle
increases.
• If isentropic expansion of diesel cycle is allowed to
lowest cycle pressure and then followed by heat 124. Thermal efficiency of CI engine is higher than
rejection to constant pressure is becomes joule cycle that of SI engine due to :
(with same temperature limit). (RRB JE Bhopal Paper-I (Shift-II), 28.08.2015)
121. For the same compression ratio, the efficiency (a) Fuel used
of the dual cycle (b) Higher compression ratio
(a) is more than the otto cycle (c) Constant pressure heat addition
(b) is less than the diesel cycle (d) Lower compression ratio
533
Ans : (b) Thermal efficiency of CI engine is higher
than that of SI engine due to higher compression ratio.
Compression ratio of CI engine is 16-24. Compression
Ratio of SI engine is 6-12.
125. Alternator in an automobile is used to ............
(RRB JE Chandigarh 2014 )
RRB Kolkata Jr. Engineer-II Mech. DRG &
Design, 11.06.2006 129. All diesel cycles except slow speed engines use
(a) convert extra engine power into elecric which cycles?
power (RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008)
(a) Diesel (b) Otto
(b) convert the DC of battery to AC
(c) Joule (d) Mixed dual
(c) none of the above
Ans : (d) Most high speed compression engines operate
(d) recharge the battery continuously
on Dual Combustion Cycle.
Ans : (d) Alternator in an automobile is used to • Dual Combustion Cycle is a combination of Otto and
recharge to battery continuously. Diesel Cycles.
126. The compression ratio used in a high speed C.I. 130. Cetane number is the measure of
engine is of the order of: (RRB JE Ahamdabad 2014)
(RRB Allahabad JE 09.09.2012) (a) Viscosity of fuel
(b) Ignition quality
RRB Bangalore Material Engg. 21.11.2004 (c) Calorific value of fuel
(a) 4 (b) 8 (d) Auto-ignition
(c) 12 (d) 20 Ans : (b) Cetane number is the measure of ignition
Ans : (d) The compression ratio used in a high speed quality. Cetane number is the amount of cetane by
C.I. engine is the order of 20. volume in the mixture of cetane and α-
methylnaphthalene which creats equal amount of
• Compression ratio for diesel engine is 16-24. knock as created by the actual Compression Ignition
Engine fuel.
• Compression ratio for petrol engine is 6-12. • Cetane number o practically used for diesel oil in
Total volume V India is 45±.
Compression ratio (rc)= = 1+ s
Clearance volume Vc • When cetane number increases more resistance to
knocking or detonation.
127. That is the cetane value of α-methyl
131. The fluid in the petrol engine (S.I) during
nepthalene? compression contain
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE II 29.11.2008) (RRB Malda SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) 0 (b) 100 (a) Fuel only
(c) 50 (d) 75 (b) Fuel or Air
Ans : (a) Cetane value of α-methyl naphthalene =0 (c) Air only
(d) Mixture of air and fuel
Cetane value of n- cetane = 100
Ans : (d) The fluid in the petrol engine (S.I.) during
Octane value of n- heptane = 0 compression contain mixture of air and fuel. While
Octane value of iso-octane = 100 the fluid in Diesel engine during compression contain
• α-methyl napthalene → Short and complex chain only air.
paraffin, highly supportive to knock. 132. Why we cannot achieve higher compression
• Cetane →Long and straight chain paraffin highly ratio for Otto engines like diesel engines?
knock resistant. (RRB Mumbai C&G SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) Otto engines generally have thinner walls
128. A high speed diesel engine theoretically (b) Petrol engines have high igintion tempretures
operates on _____. (c) Knocking occurs due to pre-ignition
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) (d) All of the above
(a) constant pressure cycle Ans : (d) We can not achieve higher compression ratio
for otto engines like diesel engines because-
(b) constant volume cycle 1. Otto engines generally have thinner walls
(c) constant temperature cycle 2. Petrol engines have high ignition temperatures
(d) mixed cycle of constant pressure and 3. Knocking occurs due to pre-ignition
constant volume 133. The commercially available petrol in India has
Octane rating of
Ans : (d) A high speed diesel engine theoretically
(RRB JE Ajamer 2014)
operates on mixed cycle of constant pressure and (a) 20–30 (b) 40–50
constant volume (dual cycle). (c) 85–90 (d) 60–75
534
Ans : (c) The commercially available petrol in India has 138. If the compression ratio is increased in S.I.
octane rating of 85-90. engine, the knocking tendency will–
• Octane number can be greater than 100. (RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010)
(a) Increase
• For LPG and CNG octane number is greater than (b) Decrease
100. (c) Not be affected
• Iso-octane is a short and complex chain paraffin. (d) Cannot be predicted
134. The cetane rating of diesel fuel is in the order Ans : (a) Theoretically by increasing 'r' its air standard
of efficiency and theoretical efficiency will increase, but
(a) 25 (b) 45 practically by increasing 'r', the knocking tendency will
(c) 70 (d) 90 increase & that will decrease the efficiency of engine.
(RRB Bhopal TM SSE 25.10.2009) • When the compression ratio increases, the knocking
tendency decreases for diesel engine.
Ans. (b) : The cetane rating of diesel fuel is in the order
of 45. 139. In a low speed S.I. engine, the inlet valve closes
• Cetane and α-methylnaphthalene are called reference approximately–
fuel to determine cetane number of any CIE fuel. (JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
• Cetane is long and straight chain paraffin. (a) 400 after BDC (b) 300 before BDC
• α-methylnaphthalene is short and complex chain (c) 100 after TDC (d) 100 before BDC
paraffin.
Ans : (a) In a low speed SI engine, the inlet value
135. The chemically correct stoichiometric ratio for closes approximately 40º before BDC (bottom dead
petrol is centre).
(RRB Banglore SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) 18:1 (b) 15:1
(c) 14.8:1 (d) 11:1
Ans : (c) The stoichionmetric ratio of A/F ratio by mass
for petrol or gasoline) is 14.8:1
• The air fuel ratio for CI engines vary from 18:1 to 80
:1 from full load to no load.
136. If the air-fuel mixture ignites before the spark
place at spark plug, the condition is called:
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) Detonation (b) Ignition
(c) Pre-ignition (d) Rumble
Ans : (c) If the air-fuel mixture ignits before the spark IVO → Inlet valve opens
place at spark plug, the condition is called per-ignition. IVC → Inlet valve closes
• In SI engine detonation occurs near the end of EVC → Exhaust valve closes
combustion. EVO → Exhaust valve opens
• In CI engine detonation occurs near the beginning of IGN → Ignition of charge
combustion. 140. The function of carburettor is–
137. For given compression ratio in otto cycle,
(RRB Malda SSE 25.10.2009)
(a)
Refining the fuel
which of the following will give the highest
(b)
Increase the pressure of fuel vapours
efficiency? (c)
Inject petrol in cylinder
(RRB Banglore SSE 09.09.2012) (d)
Atomise and vapourise the fuel and to mix it
(a) Oxygen (b) Nitrogen with air in proper ratio
(c) Air (d) Argon Ans : (d) The function of carburettor atomise and
Ans : (d) vapourise the fuel and to mix it with air in proper ratio.

In the given option, only argon is mono atomic gas and 141. Air standard efficiency of an Otto cycle having
the highest value of specific heat ratio (γ). Hence for compression ratio 4 and adiabatic exponent for
argon the efficiency of otto cycle will be highest for a air γ = 1.5 will be–
given compression ratio. (RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009)
535
 (a) 50% (b) 75% 400
(c) 35% (d) 5.0% = =4
100
Ans : (a) Given That - 1
Compression ratio (rc) = 4 ηotto = 1 −
( c)
γ –1
Adiabatic exponent (γ) = 1.5 r
ηotto = ? 1
= 1 − 1.5−1
We know that - ( 4)
1 = 0.5
ηotto =1 −
( rc )
γ−1
ηotto = 50%
1
ηotto =1 − · 0.5 ⇒ ηotto = 50% 146. In Petrol engine, air-fuel ratio is controlled by
(4.0) 1.5–1 (RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) Distributor (b) Injector
142. Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by mass for
(c) Governor (d) Carburettor
combustion of petrol is approximately
(RRB Banglore SSE 09.09.2012) Ans : (d) CARBURETORS:- Carburetor is as device
(a) 5 (b) 10 used for atomizing & vaporizing the fuel and mixing it
(c) 13 (d) 15 with the air in varying proportion.
The main components of a simple carburetors– Float
Ans : (d) Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by mass for chamber, Float, Nozzle, venturi, throttle valve, inlet
combustion of petrol is approximately 15. valve.
Starting → 3: 1 – 5:1
147. Mixture formation in a carburetor is based on
Warming up → 7:1 the principle of
Idling → 10:1 (RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012)
Cruising → 16:1 (a) Pascal's law (b) Buoyancy principle
Maximum power→ 12.5:1 (c) Venturi principle (d) Pitot tube principle
Acceleration →10:1 Ans : (c) Mixture formation in the carburetor is based
143. Higher octane rating for S.I. engine fuel on venturi meter.
indicates that it has– • This device works an Bernoulli's theorem.
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012) • The carburator of an automobile has a venturi channel
(a) higher calorific value (nozzle) through which air flows with high speed.
(b) higher volatility 148. Tetraethyl lead is used as
(c) higher ignition lag (RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
(d) lower ingnition lag (a) Pain killer (b) Fire extinguisher
Ans : (c) Higher octane rating for SI engine fuel (c) Mosquito repellent (d) Petrol additive
indicates that it has higher ignition lag. The higher Ans : (d) TEL is used as petrol additive for increase
octane number, the better fuel burns within the engine octane no.
of a vehicle. Fuel additive:- Octane number Booster–
144. Air standard efficiency of an Otto cycle having ON ↑ ⇒ by adding TEL
compression ratio of 5 will be Tetra Ethyl Lead
(DMRC JE 20.04.2018) 149. Octane number of gasoline is a measure of its:
(a) 1 – 5γ–1 (b) 1 – 1/5γ–1 (DMRC JE 2013)
γ–1
(c) 1 +1/5 (d) None of these (a) Resistance to Knock (b) Ignition delay
Ans : (b) Given, (c) Ignition temperature (d) Smoke point
1 1 Ans : (a) Octane No. is the measure of the resistance
ηotto = 1− = 1−
( rc )
γ−1
( 5 ) γ−1 of Gasoline/petrol against Knocking or pre-ignition of
the fuel in the engine.
1 150. In spark ignition (SI) engines, the possibility of
ηotto = 1− γ−1 knocking can be reduced by
5
(RRB Gorakhpur Design SSE 09.09.2012)
145. In an engine working on Otto cycle, air-fuel (a) increasing compression ratio
mixture is compressed from 400 C.C. to 100 (b) decreasing compression ratio
C.C. if γ = 1.5, calculate the thermal efficiency (c) increasing the coolant temperature
of cycle. (d) advancing the spark timing
(RRB Allahabad JE 09.09.2012) Ans : (b) In spark ignition (SI) engine the possibility
(a) 50% (b) 55% of knocking can be reduced by decreasing compression
(c) 68% (d) None of these ratio as a reduction in compression ratio will result in
Ans : (a) the generation of lower peak temperature.
In SI engine knocking occurs before TDS and because
Total volume
Compression ratio = of early combustion of charge more than one flame
Clearance volume propagation.

536
151. The delay period in a petrol engine is of the Ans : (c) Tetraethyl lead is used to increase the octane
order of no. of gasoline because the bond between lead atoms
(RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012) and ethyl group are broken. Upon combustion the lead
(a) 0.001 s (b) 0.003 s form lead oxide (PbO), which prevents fraction of fuel
(c) 0.01 s (d) 0.05 s from burning too quickly. Due to this engine
Ans : (b) The time difference between injection of fuel compression to be raised, so it acts as negative catalyst
and combustion of fuel in cylinder called delay period. and increase the octane No. of gasoline.
The delay period in petrol engine is of the order of 157. Which one of the following governing method
0.002s. is used in petrol engines?
152. The fluid drawn in during suction in petrol (RRB Mumbai JE-05.01.2008)
engine contains (RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008)
(RRB Banglore SSE 09.09.2012) (a) Hit and Miss governing
(a) Fuel only (b) Qualitative governing
(b) Fuel or air (c) Quantitative governing
(c) Air only (d) Combination governing
(d) Mixture of air and fuel Ans : (c) Qualitative Governing- In this system of
Ans : (d) A petrol engine drawn a mixture of petrol governing a control valve is fitted in the fuel delivery
and air during the suction stroke. pipe, which controls the quantity of fuel to be mixed in
• A mixture of petrol and air is compressed during the the charge. The movement of control value is regulated
compression stroke. by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion
153. Best fuel for S.I. engines is– arrangement.
(Konkan Railway STA 2017) Quantitative Governing : -In this system of governing,
(a) Aromatic (b) Naphthalene the quality of charge (i.e. air-fuel ratio) is kept constant.
(c) Paraffins (d) Olefins But the quantity of mixture supplied to the engine
Ans : (a) Best fuel for SI engines is Aromatic. For CI cylinder is varied by means of a throttle valve which is
engine, normal paraffin is the best fuel. regulated by the centrifugal governor through rack and
154. The function of fuel pump in petrol engine is– pinion arrangement.
(DMRC JE 20.04.2018) Quantitative Governing method is used in petrol engine
(a) Inject fuel in cylinder and Qualitative Governing method is used in diesel
(b) Supply fuel when carburettor fail engine.
(c) Pump fuel to reach it in carburettor 158. By applying choke in a petrol engine, the
(d) None of these engine gets–
Ans : (c) The fuel pump in the petrol pump engine is (RRB Mumbai JE 05.10.2008)
used to supply fuel to the carburettor. (a) Very lean mixture (b) Lean mixture
• The carburettor is used to mix petrol and air. (c) Rich mixture (d) Extra spark energy
155. The thermal efficiency of an ideal Otto cycle– Ans : (c) By restricting the flow of air into the throat of
(DMRC JE 2013) the carburetor, the choke valve reduces the pressure
(a) Increases with compression ratio inside the throat, which causes a proportionally greater
(b) Increases with specific heat ratio amount of fuel to be pushed from the main get into the
(c) Increases with compression ratio and specific combustion chamber during cold-running condition.
heat ratio 159. What is the advantage of using high octane
(d) Increases with compression ratio but number fuel in petrol car?
decreases with specific heat ratio (RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010)
Ans : (c) Thermal efficiency of an ideal otto cycle is (a) Less detonation tendency
increase with compression ratio and specific heat ratio. (b) Less harmful emissions
(c) Low fuel consumption
(d) Less wear and tear of engine
Ans : (a) The SI. engine fuel has been given an anti-
knocking rating which is known as octane rating. It is
basically shows the resistance of the fuel to create
knocking by auto-ignition.
160. Octane number of iso-octane is–
(RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
156. Tetra ethyl lead in fuel is used to (a) 92.30 (b) 100
(RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010) (c) 0 (d) 96
(a) Increase the lubrications Ans : (b) Octane no. is the percentage of iso-octane in
(b) Decrease octane number the mixture of iso-octane and n-heptanes. A gasoline
(c) Increase octane number fuel with octane no of 80 means 80% of iso-octane and
(d) None of the above 20% of n-heptanes. Octane No. of iso-octane is 100.
537
161. Which one of the following is not a part of 164. Diesel can be injected upto a press.............. bar
MPFI petrol engine? in CRDI engine.
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) (RRB Gorakhpur RDSO SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) Fuel injector (a) 10 (b) 1000
(b) Carburettor (c) 200 (d) 3000
(c) MAP sensor Ans : (d) Diesel can be injected upto a 3000 bar CRDI
(d) Electronic Control Unit engine.
Ans : (b) MPFI system fuel is injected to the group or • Common Rail Direct Injection is a direct fuel
batches of the cylinders without bringing their intake injection system built around a high pressure fuel rail
stroke together. feeding solenoid valves injection.
Part of MPFI petrol engine is- 165. Combustion in diesel engines is ..............
• Fuel injector (RRB Mumbai C&G SSE 25.10.2009)
• MAP sensor (a) homogeneous only
• Electronic unit (b) none of the above
162. In a spark ignition engine, the increase of (c) laminar only
compression ratio will– (d) heterogeneous only
(BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019) Ans : (d) Combustion in compression ignition CI
RRB Allahabad Junior Engineer-II [Mech. DSL engine is heterogeneous due to high injection pressure
(C&W)], 08.01.2006 and less available time for mixing of compressed air
(a) increase knocking tendency and injected fuel.
(b) reduce knocking tendency • Heterogeneous combustion in CI engine occurs
(c) no effect on knocking vibration and noise.
(d) reduce pre-ignition effect • Combustion in SI engine is homogeneous.
Ans : (a) Increasing the compression ratio increases 166. The efficiency of Diesel cycle with decrease in
both the temperature and pressure. Increase in cut off :
temperature reduces the delay period of the end charge. (RRB JE (Shift-III), 26.08.2015
Hence knocking tendency increase the possibility of (RRB JE BHOPAL 2014)
detonation, it is essential to keep the compression ratio (a) increases
as low as possible. (b) decreases
163. The efficiency of diesel cycle approaches to (c) remains unaffected
Otto cycle efficiency when (d) first increases and then decreases
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017) Ans : (a)
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
(a) Cut off ratio is zero
(b) Cut off ratio is increased
(c) Cut off ratio is decreased
(d) Cut of ratio is equal to unity
Ans : (d) Efficiency of a diesel cycle will approach to
otto cycle at cut-off period of diesel cycle is reduced to
zero.
1  ργ − 1  1
ηD = 1 −   η0 = 1 − γ−1
r γ−1  γ ( ρ − 1)  r 1  ργ − 1 
efficiency of Diesel engine (η) = 1 −  
From the diesel cycle efficiency formula- rc γ−1  γ ( ρ − 1) 
when ρ =0 [cutt-off ratio] where, ρ = cut off ratio
1 rc = Compression ratio
ηDiesel = 1 − γ−1
γr ηD ↑⇒ rc ↑, ρ = C, γ = C
ηDiesel > ηotto ηD ↑⇒ γ ↑, rc = C, ρ = C
and if ρ = 1, ηD ↑⇒ ρ ↓, rc = C, γ = C
 1  ργ − 1  
ηDiesel = 1 − lim  γ−1   or ηD ↑↑↑⇒ rc ↑, γ ↑,ρ ↓
 γ ( ρ − 1)  
ρ→1 r

applying L, Hospital rule 167. The typical air fuel ratio in a diesel engine
under rated conditions lies in the range of ?
1
ηD = 1 − γ−1 (RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012)
r (a) 10 to 1 (b) 20 to 1
ηDiesel = ηotto (c) 50 to 1 (d) 2 to 1
Hence, the efficiency of the diesel cycle approaches to Ans : (b) Air fuel ratio for CI engine varies from 18:1
otto cycle efficiency when cut-off ratio is equal to to 80:1 from full load to no load.
unity. In SI engine air fuel ratio is 14.7:1.
538
168. Diesel engine are generally preferred for road (a) steam engines
transport these days because of low: (b) gas engines
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012) (c) spark iginition engines
(a) Initial cost (d) compression iginition engines
(b) Manufacturing cost Ans : (d) Fuel injector is used in compression ignition
(c) Operating cost engine (Diesel engine).
(d) Maintenance cost In spark ignition engines (i.e. petrol engine) carburetor
Ans : (c) Diesel engine are generally preferred for road is used for Air-fuel mixture.
transport these days because of low operating cost. 174. The knocking tendency in C.I. engines
• The Diesel engine use quality governing . increases with
• Low self-ignition temperature desirable (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
• Fuel is injected directly into combustion chamber at (a) decrease of compression ratio
high pressure at the end of impression stroke. (b) increase of compression ratio
• Carburetor is eliminated but a high pressure fuel pump (c) increasing the temperature of inlet air
& injector necessary (d) increasing cooling water temperature
Ans : (a) The knocking tendency in CI engine increase
169. Quality of diesel oil can be expressed in terms
with decrease compression ratio.
of cetane number and also:
(RRB Allahabad JE 09.09.2012) • If the compression ratio is low in CI engine, there will
not be enough temperature generation for ignition of
(a) Aniline point (b) API gravity
fuel-air mixture.
(c) SAE number (d) Diesel index
• So fuel will get accumulated in the chamber and when
Ans : (d) Diesel index- In Alternative method of ignition occurs, due to this fuel accumulation, explosive
expressing the quality of diesel oils is 'diesel index' combustion will take place leading to noise and
which is define as- vibration, technically known as detonation.
Diesel index- 175. Compression ratio for diesel engine may have a
Aniline point (º F) × API Gravity at (15º C) range of :
100 (RRB SSE (Shift-I), 03.09.2015)
170. A compression ignition engine is a (a) 8 to 10 (b) 16 to 30
(RRB JE Jharkhand 2014 ) (c) 10 to 15 (d) None of the these
(a) Diesel engine (b) CNG engine Ans : (b) Diesel engine has higher thermal efficiency
(c) Steam engine (d) Petrol engine than otto cycle because of higher compression ratio.
Ans : (a) A compression ignition engine is a diesel Otto compression ratio 6-11 and diesel compression
engine while spark ignition engine is a petrol engine. ratio 16-30.
171. The charge sucked in cylinder suction stroke of 176. For diesel engine, the method of governing
diesel engine is: employed is–
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009) (RRB Mumbai JE 05.10.2008)
(a) Diesel (a) Quality governing
(b) Air (b) Quantity governing
(c) Diesel + Air (c) Hit and miss governing
(d) Diesel + Air + lubricating oil (d) None of the above
Ans : (b) The charge sucked in cylinder suction stroke Ans : (a) Qualitative Governing- In this system of
of diesel engine is Air. governing a control valve is fitted in the fuel delivery
pipe, which controls the quantity of fuel to be mixed in
• In take charge in petrol engine
the charge. The movement of control valve is regulated
Air + fuel = Mixture made by carburetor
by the centrifugal governor through rack and pinion
• In 2-stroke petrol engine, in take charge arrangement.
Air + fuel + Lubricating oil
177. In a diesel engine, the fuel is ignited by :
172. The compression ratio for a practical diesel (RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
engine usually lies in the range. (a) Spark
(RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010) (b) Injected fuel
RRB Kolkata Technical-Engg., 20.08.2006 (c) Heat resulting from compressing air that is
(a) 3-5 lies in the range supplied for combustion
(b) 6-8 lies in the range (d) Ignitor
(c) 10-15 lies in the range Ans : (c) Combustion starts and temperature reaches to
(d) 16-33 lies in the range fuel's ignition temperature. Hence it generally starts
Ans : (d) The compression ratio for a practical diesel with heat resulting from compressing air that supplies
engine usually lies in the range 16-33. A petrol engine for combustion. There is nothing called an ignition
has a compression ratio approximately form 6 to 10. system in diesel systems through the output valve.
173. Fuel injector is used in: 178. Anti knock property of C.I. engine fuel can be
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009) improved by adding-
RRB Chennai Technical (Eng.), 15.04.2007 (Konkan Railway STA 2017)
539
 (a) Tetra–ethyl lead (b) Amyl nitrate • Physical delay- The liquid fuel is injection at high
(c) Hexadecane (d) Trimethyl pentane velocity in the form of one or more jets which
Ans : (b) Anti knock property of CI engine fuel can be atomise into smaller drops, evaporate and mix with
improved by adding amyl nitrate. high pressure and temperature.
• Tetra ethyl lead is used to increase octane no. of • Chemical delay- In this liquid fuel is reacted to the
gasoline. air and fuel called chemical delay.
179. The injection pressure in diesel engine is of the 185. Self-ignition temperature of diesel as compared
order of– to petrol
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009) (RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) is higher (b) is lower
(a) 30 – 40 bar (b) 100 – 150 bar (c) is same (d) varies considerably
(c) 200 – 300 bar (d) 400 – 600 bar
Ans : (b) Self-Ignition temperature of diesel as
Ans : (b) During peak performance fuel injection compared to petrol is lower. Self Ignition temperature
pressure can go up to 1600-1800 bar. required for the fuel to automatically ignite without the
It would be around 100-150 bar. help of external sources like spark plug or igniter coil.
180. The function of fuel injector is to– 186. Higher compression ratio in diesel engine result in
(RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009) (RRB Bhubneshwar JE II 29.11.2008)
(a) Pump the fuel at high pressure (a) lower temperature (b) lower pressure
(b) Mix diesel with air (c) same pressure (d) higher pressure
(c) Atomise the fuel Ans : (d) Higher compression ratio in diesel engine
(d) Ignite the fuel result in Higher pressure. This is because of the fuel
Ans : (c) The purpose of the fuel injection system is to that at higher compression ratio pressure and
deliver fuel into the engine cylinders, while precisely temperature at- the time of injection is higher.
controlling the injection timing, fuel atomization, and 1
other parameters. V  P r
(rc) = 1 =  2 
181. In diesel engine, the governor controls V2  P1 
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009)
(a) Fuel pressure (b) Fuel volume 187. For a 4-stroke diesel engine, the compression
ratio is 31 : 1 and the cut-off ratio is 3 : 1. What
(c) Fuel flow rate (d) Fuel temperature is its expansion ratio?
Ans : (c) In diesel engine, the governor controls fuel (RRB Allahabad JE 09.09.2012)
flow rate. Its help to maintain the mean speed of the (a) 7 : 1 (b) 10.5 : 1
engine by controlling the supply of fuel to the engine. (c) 13 : 1 (d) 19 : 1
182. The firing order for six cylinder diesel engine is Ans : (b) Given,
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012) r = 31 : 1
(a) 1,3,5,3,4,6 (b) 1,5,3,6,2,4 ρ= 3:1
(c) 1,4,3,6,3,5 (d) 1,6,3,5,3,4 We know these
Ans : (b) The firing order for six cylinder diesel engine ∵ rc = re × ρ
is 1,5,3,6,2,4.
183. The tendency of knocking in CI engines is ∴ Expansion ratio (re) = rc (Compression ratio)
reduced by: ρ ( cut − off ratio )
(RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012) 31
(a) high self-ignition temperature of fuel rc = = 10.3 3
(b) decrease in jacket water temperature 3
(c) injection of fuel just before TDC rc ≅ 10.5 :1
(d) decrease in injection temperature 188. What amongst the following is not related to a
Ans : (c) Just before TDC fuel is injected into the cylinder CI engine?
by the fuel injector. The fuel is atomised into tiny droplets. (RRB Gorakhpur Design SSE 09.09.2012)
Because they are very small these droplets heat up very (a) Fuel injector (b) Carburettor
quickly and start to burn as the piston reach over TDC. If (c) Flywheel (d) Fuel pump
longer delay period in fuel injection and ignition the fuel Ans : (b) In CI engine carburetor is not used.
then fuel will be accumulate thereby it will be knock. Fuel injector system:- The function of the fuel
injector is to deliver finely atomized fuel under high
184. In diesel engines, the duration between the time pressure to the combustion chamber for the engine.
of injection and ignition, is known as Fuel pump:- Sucks fuel from the fuel tank. The feed
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012) pump is attached to the injection pump and driver by
(a) Pre-ignition period (b) delay period its camshafts.
(c) ignition period (d) burning period 189. In diesel engine, the suction contains
Ans : (b) Ignition delay period is also called the (RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012)
preparatory phase during which some fuel has already (a) Air only
been admitted but has not yet ignited. (b) Fuel only
The delay period can be sub divided into physical (c) Mixture of air and fuel
delay and chemical delay. (d) Air of fuel
540
 Ans : (a) In diesel engine the suction contains air (a) Efficiency
only. (b) Specific fuel consumption
• While A petrol engine drawn a mixture of petrol (c) Air fuel ratio
and air during the suction stroke. (d) Total fuel consumption
• The pressure at the end of the compression is about Ans : (d)
35 bar.
• The flywheel for a diesel engine is bigger than that
of a petrol engine.
190. Which element regulates the pressure strokes in
the fuel injection pump of a diesel engine?
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009)
RRB Jammu Section Engg., 2013
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
(a) Pump shaft (b) Lift of plunger
(c) Needle valve (d) Control rack
Ans : (d) Control rack is used to regulated the This graph is represent to Willan's line method.
This method is also known as fuel rate extrapolation
pressure stroke in the fuel injection pump of diesel
method.
anywhere.
A graph connecting fuel consumption on y-axis and
191. The specific gravity of commonly used diesel is brake power x-axis at constant speed is drawn and it is
(RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009) extrapolated on the negative axis of brake power.
(a) 1 (b) 0.1 The intercept of the negative axis is taken as the
(c) 0.85 (d) 0.5 frictional power of the engine at that speed.
Ans : (c) The specific gravity of commonly used diesel 195. In a diesel engine, the pipe carrying fuel from
is 0.85 and specific gravity of petrol is 0.71. fuel pump to nozzle is made of
192. Combustion in CI engine is (JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
(Konkan Railway STA 2017) (a) Plastic (b) P.V.C.
RRB Kolkata Apprentice Engg., 14.10.2001 (c) Steel (d) Aluminium
(a) Homogeneous (b) Hetrogeneous Ans : (c) The pressure inside the pipe carrying the
(c) (a) or (b) (d) None fuel from pump to nozzle is 150 MP. The pipe is made
Ans : (b) Combustion in CI engine is Heterogeneous up of steel to withstand high pressure.
mixture of air and fuel. 196. What could be the probable reason of power loss
• Combustion in SI engine is Homogeneous mixture of in a diesel engine?
air and fuel. (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
(a) Clogging of air cleaner
193. The ignition of fuel in a diesel engine is caused (b) Restricted exhaust
by: (c) Low injection pressure
(RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008) (d) Ineffective cooling
RRB Bangalore Material Engg, 21.11.2004 Ans : (c) Low injection pressure may cause power
(a) spark plug loss in a diesel engine.
(b) Compressed fuel 197. A normal diesel engine will need minimum
(c) heat resulting from compressed air that is changes if made to run on
supplied for combustion (RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
(d) air fuel mixture (a) Petrol (b) Kerosene
Ans : (c) The ignition of fuel in diesel engine is caused (c) Alcohol (d) Ammonia
by highly compressed Air which pressure and Ans : (b) Lower speed engines likely will do better on
temperature is too high, then inject the atomise the fuel kerosene than modern high speed automotive engine
therefore mixture of Air and fuel will be combusted. in part because historically diesel fuel specifications
194. The curve shown in the given figure is called for lower cetane and so kerosene is closer to
characteristic of diesel engines. What does the meeting the design specification for such engines
Y-axis represent? without modification.
198. Efficiency of IC engine is normally of the order of
(RRB Mumbai JE 05.10.2008)
(a) 15-30% (b) 35-60%
(c) 35-30% (d) 30-35%
Ans : (d) Efficiency of IC engine is normally of the
order of 30-35%.
• Relative efficiency of IC engine is ratio of
Indicated thermal efficiency to the thermal
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) efficiency of a theoretical reversible cycle.
541
199. Cetane number of petrol is around • The main difference between cetane and octane
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010) rating is that the octane rating represents how well
(a) 10 (b) 15-20 a fuel can resist pre-ignition due to compression
(c) 30-35 (d) 55-70 ensuring the fuel ignites only from a spark plug.
• However, the cetane No. measures the delay in the
Ans : (b) The relationship between octane no-and ignition time of the fuel.
cetane No. is given by -
203. Pressure in the fuel rail of CRDI diesel engine
ON is approximately equal to–
CN = 60–
2 (RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009)
Putting the values of octane No 85 – 90 (a) 10 MPa (b) 25 MPa
(c) 100 MPa (d) 1000 MPa
85
CN = 60– = 17.5 Ans : (c) CRDI stands for common Rail Direct
2 Injection.
90 • Direct injection of fuel into the cylinders of an engine
CN = 60– = 15
2 through a single common line is called common Rail.
Hence the centane No of petrol is around 15-20. • Common Rail Direct Injection system has an
200. Valve-overlapping happens– injection pressure over a range of 100 bar -150 bar.
(Konkan Railway STA 2017) 204. The correct sequence of combustion stages in
C.I. Engine is–
(a) Competely before T.D.C.
(RRB Patna JE 25.10.2009)
(b) Completely before T.D.C. (a) Ignition delay period → Controlled
(c) Partially before T.D.C. and partially after combustion → Uncontrooled combustion →
T.D.C. After burning
(d) Completely before B.D.C. (b) Ignition delay period → After burning →
Ans : (c) Valve overlap is the no. of degree of Controlled combustion → Uncontrolled
crankshaft rotation during which both partially before combustion
TDC and partially after TDC. (c) Ignition delay period → Uncontrolled
combustion → After burning → Controlled
combustion
(d) Ignition delay period → Uncontrolled
combustion → Controlled combustion →
After burning
Ans : (d) The sequence of combustion stages in CI
engine is -

201. Which one of the following has zero cetane

number?
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009)
(a) α–methylnaphthalene
(b) n-heptane
(c) Tetra ethyl lead
(d) Tri-methyl butane
Ans : (a) α-methylnaphthalene has zero cetane
Number. In the standard test engine as that of the fuel
whose cetane No. is calculated. So if a fuel is equivalent
to 100% mixture of cetane and α- methyl naphthalene
where cetane is 85% & α- methyl naphthalene is 15% I- Ignition
II- Uncontrolled Combustion
then cetane No. of the fuel is 85.
III-Controlled combustion
202. Cetane number is measure of– IV- After burning
(RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009) 205. During the combustion process in compression-
(a) Auto-ignition temperature ignition engines, increasing which of the
(b) Viscosity of fuel following parameter would increase the delay
(c) Calorific value of fuel period?
(d) Ignition quality of fuel (RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012)
Ans : (d) Cetane No. is measure of ignition quality of (a) Compression ratio
(b) Intake temperature
fuel. A Higher cetane No. resulting in quicker (c) Intake pressure
ignition of the fuel. (d) Injection advance angle
542
Ans : (d) The delay period increases with an increase in Ans : (c) The coolant used on piston ring for removing
injection advance angle. (with an increase in injection and conveying the heat.
angle, pressure and temperature are lower when • Piston of diesel engine are usually cooled by
injection begins). lubricating oil.
209. Thermal efficiency of CI engine is higher than
that of SI engine due to :
(RRB JE Bhopal Paper-I (Shift-II), 28.08.2015)
(a) Fuel used
(b) Higher compression ratio
(c) Constant pressure heat addition
(d) Lower compression ratio
Ans : (b) Thermal efficiency of Diesel engine is greater
than that of petrol engine due to compression ratio.
• The compression ratio of CI engine is 15-22.
206. Consider the following statements regarding • While compression ratio of SI engine is 6-12.
the C.I. engine combustion chambers– Before compressed volume Vc + Vs
(I) Only partial combustion of fuel takes place in rc · =
After compressed volume Vc
pre-combustion chambers.
(II) In swirl-combustion chamber, swirl is Where, Vc = Clearance volume
generated by directing the flow of air during Vs = Swept volume
it's entry to the cylinder. rc = Compression ratio
(III) In swirl-combustion chamber, the swirl is Otto cyle-efficiency Diesel cycle efficiency
proportional to the engine speed. γ−1
1 1 ργ − 1
Select the correct option for the statements η =1– η =1–  
from the above– rc γ−1
r γ ( ρ − 1)
(RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012) from efficiency formula -
(a) (I) and (II) (b) (II) and (III) Compression ration rc is increase then efficiency is also
(c) (I) and (III) (d) (I), (II) and (III)
increase.
Ans : (c) Swirl is used in CI engine concepts to
promote more rapid mixing between the inducted 210. A four stroke diesel engine has–
air charge and the injected fuel. (RRB JE Bhopal Paper II (Shift-II), 26.08.2015)
• Swirl is used to speed up the combustion process (a) One valve (b) Two valves
and in two stroke engines, it improve scavenging. (c) Three valves (d) Four valves
Type of swirl Type of combustion Ans : (c) There are three types of valves in a engine
chamber cylinder Inlet valve, exhaust valve and injector valve.
Compression swirl Swirl chamber
• Inlet valve is passes frees air in diesel engine.
Induction swirl Open chamber
Combustion induced Pre-combustion chamber and • Exhaust value is passes burned air charged.
swirl Air cell chamber 211. The two reference fuels used for cetane rating
Squish Direct injection chamber are–
207. In open-combustion chamber of a diesel engine – (RRB JE (Shift-II), 29.8.2015)
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012) (a) Cetane and iso-octane
(a) Fuel injected into a separate turbulence (b) Cetane and tetraethyl lead
chamber. (c) Cetane and n-heptane
(b) Fuel injected in cavity provided at the top of (d) Cetane and α-methyl naphthalene
piston. Ans : (d) The two reference fuels used for cetane rating
(c) Partial combustion of fuel before main are cetane and α-methyl naphthalene.
combustion chamber. • If a fuel is equivalent to 100% mixture of cetane and
(d) Combustion of fuel takes place outside the
α-methyl naphthalene where cetane is 85% and α-
cylinder.
methyl naphthalene is 15% then the cetane number of
Ans : (b) The open combustion chamber is the simplest the fuel is 85.
form of chamber. It is suitable for only slow-speed, 4-
stroke engines, but is widely used in 2-stoke cycle 212. Which one of the following types of swirls is
diesel engines. In the open chamber, the fuel is injected generated by a precombustion chamber in the
directly into space or cavity on top of the cylinder. diesel engine?
(RRB JE (Shift-III), 16.09.2015)
208. Pistons of diesel engine are usually cooled by– (a) Squish
(RRB JE (Shift-2), 29.8.2015) (b) Compression swirl
(a) Air (b) Water (c) Induction swirl
(c) Lubricating oil (d) Fuel oil (d) Combustion induced swirl
543
Ans : (d) Swirl is generated by a pre combustion
chamber in the diesel engine in combustion induced 1  ργ − 1 
ηD = 1 – γ−1  
swirl. While swirl is generated by compression swirl, rC  γ (ρ − 1) 
then type of combustion chamber is done in swirl ηD = f (rC , ρ, γ )
chamber.
213. The effectiveness of a fin will be maximum in ηD ↑↑= rc ↑ γ ↑ ρ ↓
an environment with : 216. Ignition quality of diesel is characterized by its:
(RRB JE Bhopal Paper-I (Shift-II), 28.08.2015) (RRB SSE (Shift-III), 01.09.2015)
(a) Free convection (RRB JE (Shift-III), 27.08.2015)
(b) Forced convection (a) Boiling point (b) Cetane number
(c) Radiation (c) Octane number (d) Flash point
(d) Convection and radiation Ans : (b) Ignition quality of diesel is characterized by
Ans : (a) Effectiveness of the fin is given by. its cetane Number.
• Cetane Number is an indicator of the combustion
kP speed of diesel fuel and compression needed for
ε fin =
hA ignition.
l • Octane Number is measure to determine the burning
ε fin ∝ quality of the gasoline. It has the tendency to resist
h knocking is an engine.
Since hforced convection > hFree convection
217. What is the function of push rod in a diesel
Hence effectiveness of the fin will be more in free engine? It transfers force between–
convection than forced convection. (RRB SSE Secunderabad Green paper, 21.12.2014)
214. Which of the following characteristics does not (a) Cam and rocker arm
belong to Cl engine : (b) Connecting rod and piston
(RRB SSE (Shift-III), 01.09.2015) (c) Crankshaft and piston
(a) Self ignition temperature of its fuel is low (d) None of these
(b) Its compression ratio is comparatively higher Ans : (a) Push Rod are used to open and close the
(c) They are low speed engine intake and exhaust valves on an engine. They are
(d) They are light weight engine controlled by the lobes on the cam shaft so that they
Ans : (d) In CI engine - open and close in the proper firing order of the engine
• Self ignition temperature of its fuel is low due to so they are open to admit the gas & oxygen mixtures or
reduce knocking tendency. to release the burnt gasses after detonation.
• The self ignition temperature of diesel is 210ºC and 218. In case of petrol engine, at starting–
that of petrol varies from 247ºC to 280ºC. (RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) Weak fuel-air ratio is needed.
• In CI engine used always heavy weight engine due (b) Rich fuel-air ratio is needed.
to high compression ratio because higher (c) Chemically correct fuel-air ratio is needed.
compression ratio is requires bigger flywheel. (d) Any fuel-air ratio will do.
therefore engine size or weight is increased. Ans : (b) In case of petrol engine, at starting Rich fuel-
215. Diesel cycle is : air ratio is needed.
(RRB SSE (Shift-II), 01.09.2015) • A mixture having more fuel than that in a chemically
(a) Constant pressure heat addition cycle correct mixture is termed as a rich mixture and a
(b) Constant volume heat addition cycle mixture that contains less fuel (or excess air) is called
(c) Constant temperature heat addition cycle a lean mixture.
• If in SI engine charge consists of air and fuel and
(d) Constant entropy heat addition cycle ignition takes place with the help of a spark. When
Ans : (a) Diesel cycle is constant pressure heat addition the mixture is lean the fuel will not burn by a spark.
cycle and constant volume heat rejection. 219. Presently the Emission Standards in force for
Process (1-2) - Adiabatic compression 4-wheel petrol vehicles in Rajasthan are–
Process (2-3) - Constant pressure heat addition (RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012)
Process (3-4) - Adiabatic expansion (a) Bharat Stage - I (b) Bharat Stage - II
Process (4-1) - Constant volume Heat Rejection (c) Bharat Stage - III (d) Bharat Stage - IV
Ans : (c) Presently the Emission Standards in force for
4-wheel petrol vehicles in Rajasthan are Bharat Stage -
III.
220. Compression ratio in case of SI engine is in the
range of–
1. 6-10 2. 10-15
3. 16-25 4. 25-40
(RRB JE (Shift-3), 28.08.2015)
(RRB JE Gorakhpur 2014 )
544
 (a) 1 (b) 2 223. The choke is applied when the engine is-
(c) 3 (d) 4 1. Accelerating
(or) 2. Hot
Compression ratio of a petrol engine is nearly
3. Cold
(a) 8 : 1 (b) 4 : 1
(c) 15 : 1 (d) 20 : 1 4. Idling
(RRB Gorakhpur Design SSE 09.09.2012) (RRB JE (Shift-3), 28.08.2015)
Ans : (a) Compression ratio incase of SI engine is in the (a) 1 (b) 2
range of 6-10. (c) 3 (d) 4
V + VS Ans : (c) The choke is used when the engine is cold.
rc = C The choke is a butterfly valve located between the
VC
entrance to the carburetor and the venturi throat.
Where, VC = Clearance volume
VS = Swept volume Operation A/F ratio
3
221. An engine has a clearance volume of 100 cm Idling 12 -12.5
and a swept volume of 800 cm3. The Cruising/Normal 16 -16.5
compression ratio of
(a) 7 : 1 (b) 8 : 1 Max.Power Range 12 -13
(c) 9 : 1 (d) 10 : 1 Cold starting 3-5
(RRB Banglore SSE 09.09.2012)
Ans. (c) : 224. In SI engine for higher thermal efficiency–
(RRB JE (Shift-3), 29.8.2015)
VC + VS
rc = (a) Compression ratio should be high
VC (b) Heat liberation during combustion should be
Given that, maximum
VC = 100 cm3VS = 800 cm3 (c) Surface to volume ratio should be high
800 + 100 900 (d) Long flame travel distance
rc = = = 9 :1
100 100 Ans : (a) Compression ratio should be high.
222. Mean effective pressure of otto cycle is-
(RRB JE (Shift-3), 28.08.2015)
1. Inversely proportional to pressure ratio
2. Directly proportional to pressure ratio
3. Does not depend on pressure ratio
4. Proportional to square root of pressure ratio
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Ans : (b) Increasing pressure ration (rp) will increase
the mean effective pressure-
 ( r γ−1 − 1) ( rp − 1) 
mep = P1r  
 ( r − 1)( γ − 1) 
P
Pm ∝ 2 (rp)
P1
We know that,
work done The thermal efficiency of the otto cycle.
Pm × VS =
cycle 1   1  
work/cycle ηotto = 1 − γ −1  rc ↑,  γ −1  ↓ and Hence η0 ↑ 
Pm = rc   rc  
VS
The thermal efficiency of the theoretical otto cycle
increase with an increase the compression ratio.
225. By higher octane number of SI fuel, it is meant
that the fuel has–
(RRB JE (Shift-2), 29.8.2015)
(a) Higher heating value
(b) Higher flash point
Where Pm = Mean effective pressure (c) Lower volatility
VS = Swept volume (d) Longer ingnition delay
545
Ans : (d) The SI engine fuel has been given an anti- Ans : (a) Diesel engine is used in Heavy commercial
knocking rating which is known as octane rating. It is vehicle Due to diesel has greater compression resistance
basically shows the resistance of the fuel to create than gasoline and diesel fuel has more compression
knocking by auto -ignition. ratio than petrol engine therefore bigger flywheel
Higher octane is related only to longer ignition delay generate maximum torque which used to carry heavy
which prevents knocking because of longer ignition load vehicle.
delay desirable for petrol engine. 230. The given P-V diagram indicates following
226. Petrol is used in which cycle? cycle–
(RRB JE (Shift-1), 28.08.2015)
(a) Otto cycle (b) Diesel cycle
(c) Rankine cycle (d) Carnot cycle
Ans : (a) Petrol is used in otto cycle-

In T-S diagram -
Process (1-2) - Isentropic compression
Process (2-3) - Constant volume heat addition (RRB JE (Shift-III), 26.08.2015)
Process (3-4) - Isentropic expansion (RRB JE Chandigarh 2014 )
Process (4-1) - Constant volume heat Rejection (a) Carnot cycle (b) Otto cycle
227. The float in the carburetor of a petrol engine (c) Diesel cycle (d) Dual cycle
controls : Ans : (b) Shown the above diagram is represent Otto
(RRB JE Bhopal Paper-I (Shift-II), 28.08.2015) cycle.
(a) Flow rate of air Process (1-2)- isentropic compression (S = C)
(b) Flow rate of fuel Process (2-3)- constant volume heat addition (V= C)
(c) Flow rate of air–fuel mixture Process (3-4)- isentropic expansion (S = C)
(d) Level of the petrol in the float chamber Process (4-1) constant volume heat rejection (V=C)
Ans : (d) The Float in a carburetor is designed to T1 1
η=1 − = 1 − γ−1
control the level of fuel in the float chamber. T2 rc
• The various factors, the process of carburetion is
V1
influenced by : Where, rc = (compression ratio)
• The engine speed. V2
• The temperature of the incoming air. 231. In Spark ignition engine, fuel used is–
• The vaporization characteristic of the fuel. (RRB JE (Shift-III), 27.08.2015)
228. In a variable speed SI engine, the maximum (a) Diesel
torque occurs at the maximum : (b) Petrol
(RRB SSE (Shift-I), 03.09.2015) (c) Kerosene
(a) volumetric efficiency (d) Both Diesel and kerosene
(b) brake power Ans : (b) In spark ignition engine, fuel used is petrol and
(c) indicated power in CI engine, fuel is used diesel.
(d) speed • In petrol engine ignition is done by spark plug.
Ans : (b) In a variable speed SI engine, the maximum • In diesel engine ignition is done by compressed air by
torque occurs at the maximum brake power. the piston.
We know that -
232. In some carburettors, meter rod and
2πNT economiser device are used for–
Brake power =
60 (RRB JE (Shift-II), 29.8.2015)
N = Speed (a) Cold starting (b) Idiling
T = Maximum Torque. (c) Power enrichment (d) Accelaration
Brake power is maximum so Torque will be also obtain Ans : (c) An ecnomiser is a valve which closed at cruise
maximum. operation and opened to supply rich mixture at full
229. Which type of engine is used in heavy throttle. It regulates the additional fuel supply full
commercial vehicle? throttle. It is the best for power enrichment system.
(RRB SSE (Shift-III), 03.09.2015) 233. In spark ignition engines knocking can be
(a) diesel (b) petrol reduced by–
(c) compressed air (d) LPG (RRB JE (Shift-III), 16.09.2015)
546
 (a) Increasing the compression ratio Ans : (c)
(b) Increasing the cooling water temperature
1
(c) Ratarding the spark advance ηotto = 1 − γ−1
(d) Increasing the inlet air temperature rc
Ans : (c) Retarding the spark advanced. The burning ⇒ ηotto = f (rc , γ )
gas is impressed by the rising piston and therefore
temperature and pressure are increase, thus end charge ⇒ When rc ↑ and γ ↑ so ηotto ↑↑
is not externally ignite because of flame is quickly reach 237. Which of the following characteristic does not
to end charge. belong to Sl engine :
(RRB SSE (Shift-II), 01.09.2015)
(a) It works on Otto cycle
(b) It has a carburetor
(c) The maximum obtainable value of thermal
efficiency is high
(d) Its compression ratio lower
Figure represents a normal flame front travelling across Ans : (c) As the compression ratio increases, the fuel
a combustion chamber from A towards D. Shaded area mixture is sufficiently compressed thereby increasing
BDC is end gas charged which is unburt gases. the thermal efficiency on the other hand. As the
234. In a petrol engine, the tendency for detonation compression ratio is lower for SI engine, hence the
increases with– obtainable value of thermal efficiency is low.
(RRB JE (Shift-III), 30.08.2015) 238. Diesel used in automobile engines is mainly
(a) Retarded spark timing composed of Carbon and
(b) Running the engine at high speed (RRB SSE (shift-III), 02.09.2015)
(c) Supercharging RRB Chandigarh Section Eng. Mech. 15.03.2009
(d) Increasing the cooling rate (a) Nitrogen (b) Oxygen
Ans : (c) It deteriorates the petrol engine life knocking (c) Hydrogen (d) Water molecules
occurs in the engine due to the high temperature of the Ans : (c) Diesel and gasoline fuel contain
chamber. The final pressure of air after super charging approximately 86 wt% of carbon and 14wt-% of
is 1.5–2 times the pressure of entry air. As pressure Hydrogen.
increases, temperature also increases. • But the hydrogen to carbon ratio changes somewhat
235. A four stroke, four cylinder SI engine has a depending on composition.
swept volume of 450 CC and compression ratio 239. Which of the following is an SI Engine?
is 8. The clearance volume of each cylinder is
(RRB SSE Secunderabad Red Pepar, 21.12. 2014)
equal to
(RRB JE (Shift-I), 27.08.2015) (a) Diesel Engine (b) Petrol Engine
(a) 48 CC (b) 55 CC (c) Gas Engine (d) None of these
(c) 65 CC (d) 70 CC Ans : (b) Petrol engine is an SI engine. Diesel engine is
Ans : (c) Swept volume (Vs) = 450CC a CI engine.
Compression ratio (rc) = 8
Clearance volume (Vc) = ?
V + Vs 3 . Systems of internal combustion
rc = c
Vc engine
V
⇒ rc = 1 + s 240. The reason for supercharging in any engine is to
Vc (a) increase efficiency
450 (b) increase power
8 = 1+ (c) reduce weight and bulk for a given output
Vc
450 (d) effect fuel economy
Vc = = 64.29 (RRB Gorakhpur Design SSE 09.09.2012)
7
∴ Vc ≈ 65CC Ans : (b) Supercharging is supplying air or air-fuel
mixture higher than atmospheric pressure. This will
236. The thermal efficiency of Otto cycle is a increase the density, therefore mass of air or air fuel
function of : mixture inducted for same swept volume. This is turn
(RRB SSE (Shift-III), 01.09.2015) will increase the power output of the engine and
(a) Compression ratio only reduce the weight of the engine for the same output.
(b) Specific heats ratio only Power output increases because of increased amount
(c) Compression ratio and specific heat ratio of air inducted per cycle, recovery of some work as the
(d) Clearance volume only gas exchange work and due to better scavenging.
547
 • Supercharging in S.I. is limited due to detonation Ans : (b) Baffles are an integral part of the shell and
while supercharging in C.I. is limited due to tube Heat exchanger design of air-cooled engines.
mechanical loading and thermal loading. • To support the tubes and to force shell-side flow
241. The thermostat valve is used in: into cross-flow and increase the fluid velocity to
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012) obtain higher heat transfer coefficient.
(a) Fuel supply system of engine 246. The compressor that increase the pressure of
(b) cooling system of engine air supplied to the inlel port by drawing the
(c) ignition system of engine power from crankshaft is .............
(d) lubrication system of engine (DMRC JE 2013)
Ans : (b) The thermostat is like a valve that opens and (a) single stage turbocharger
closes as a function of its temperature. The thermostat (b) supercharger
isolates the engine from the radiator until it has (c) multi stage turbocharger
reached a certain minimum temperature without a (d) twin charger
thermostat the engine would always loose heat to the Ans : (b) Supercharging is a forced induction system
radiator and intake longer to warm up. it compresses the atmospheric gasses and inducted
242. In MPFI system, the fuel is injected into the– send to the engine cylinder.
(RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012) • It is connected to the crankshaft of the engine for its
(a) Caburettor (b) Intake manifold energy.
(c) Cylinder (d) Before air cleaner 247. Engines are usually supercharged by :
Ans : (b) The main purpose of the intake manifold is (RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008)
to evenly distribute the combustion mixture to each (a) rotary compressor
intake port of the engine cylinder and to create the air- (b) radial flow compressor
fuel mixture, unless the engine his direct injection. (c) roots blower
243. Which of the following medium is compressed (d) axial flow compressor
in a supercharger? Ans : (b) Engines are usually supercharged by radial
(a) Air flow compressor.
(b) Gasoline Supercharger basically depends on degree.
(c) Fuel oil • For low degree supercharging -rotary type (root
blower)
(d) All options are correct
• For high degree supercharging -centrifugal type.
(RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009)
248. "The thermostat valve of engine cooling system
Ans. (a) : Supercharging is supplying air or air-fuel of vehicle ______."
mixture higher than atmospheric pressure. This will Select the correct option for the blank space
increase the density, therefore mass of air or air fuel above–
mixture inducted for same swept volume. This is turn (RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010)
will increase the power output of the engine and (a) remains closed while starting the engine from
reduce the weight of the engine for the same output. cold condition
244. In an IC engine thermostat is an essential (b) opens as soon as the engine is started from
component in the : cold condition
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009) (c) opens as soon as the engine is started and
(a) Cooling system (b) Lubricating system then closed after some time
(c) Fuel system (d) Ignition system (d) remains closed when the engine is not
Ans : (a) The thermostat controls the normal running and always remains open when the
minimum water temperature and permits a quick warm engine is running
up of the engine. Ans : (a) The thermostat helps to bring the cold
• The normal operating temperature range monitored engine to the operating temperature quickly. It is fitted
varies from 140º to 170ºF. between the water outlet of cylinder head and the inlet
of the radiator in the water-cooling system when the
engine is cold, the thermostat valve is closes. It does
not permit water to enter the radiator.
249. Where does mixing of fuel and air place in case
of diesel engine?
(RRB JE (Shift-II), 29.8.2015)
(a) Injection pump (b) Injector
(c) Engine cylinder (d) Inlet manifold
245. Baffles are provide on Ans : (c) Since the air temperature and pressure are
(Konkan Railway TA 2017) above the fuel's ignition point, spontaneous ignition of
(a) Two stroke engines only portions of already mixed fuel and air occurs after a
(b) Air cooled engines only delay period of a few crank angle degrees.
(c) Slow speed engines only So, in the case of diesel engine, mixing of fuel and air
(d) Diesel engines only takes place in the Engine cylinder.
548
250. The Silencer of an Internal Combustion 255. The temperature (in oC) of interior surface of
Engine. cylinder wall in normal operation is not
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) allowed to exceed
(a) Increses brake specific fuel consumtion (a) 80 (b) 120
(BSFC) (c) 180 (d) 240
(b) Has no effect on its efficiency (RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
(c) reduces noise Ans : (c) The peak cylinder gas temperature may be
(d) decreases BSFC 2800 K while the temperature of the cylinder inner wall
Ans : (c) Silencer is provided to reduce the noise of the surface may be only 450 K ( ∼ 180ºC) due to cooling.
IC engine when the flow of exhaust gases from the 256. What happens when supercharging is done for
engine to the atmosphere is obstinate to any degree, spark ignition engines?
back pressure arises and the engine's efficiency, and (a) Increase knocking
therefore power, is reduced. So we need a trade-off in (b) Decrease Knocking
power and noise reduction. (c) No effect
251. Which part is not common between the petrol (d) May increase or decrease
and diesel engines? (RRB Bhopal TM SSE 25.10.2009)
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
(a) Air cleaner (b) Exhaust silencer Ans : (a) If supercharging is done for spark ignition
(c) Battery (d) Fuel injector engines then knocking will be increase due to higher
Ans : (d) Fuel injector is basically used in diesel intake air pressure. As pressure increase, temperature
engine while carburetor is used in petrol engine. also increase. Thus the temperature of supercharging air
is much higher than the atmospheric temperature and
252. What is 'supercharging?' this causes the knocking in the petrol engine.
(a) It is the process of supplying compressed air
257. The atmospheric pressure with rise in altitude
to remove combustion products fully.
decreases
(b) It is the process of injecting excess fuel for
(a) linearly
raising more load.
(b) first slowly and then steeply
(c) It is the process of providing more density
than the atmospheric density of air in engine (c) first steeply and then gradually
(d) It is the process of providing forced cooling (d) unpredictable
air. (RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012)
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017) Ans : (b) The atmospheric pressure with rise in altitude
Ans. (c) : Super charging is the process of providing decreases first slowly and then steeply.
more density than the atmospheric density of air in 1 Standard atmospheric-
engine. =101.325 kN/m2=1.0332 kg/cm2
253. Supercharging is the process of– = 10.33 meter of water
(RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008) = 760 mm of Hg.
(RRB Malda SSE 25.10.2009) 258. Which of the following processes is commonly
(a) supplying the intake air of an engine with air used to manufacture powder coated steel
at a density greater than the density of the central heating radiators?
surrounding atmosphere (RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
(b) providing forced cooling air (a) Sand Casting (b) Presswork
(c) injecting excess fuel for raising more load (c) Bending (d) Shaping
(d) supplying compressed air to remove Ans : (b) Presswork is commonly used to manufacture
combustion products fully powder coated steel central heating radiators.
Ans : (a) Supercharging is the process of supplying the 259. Air cooling of engines is preferred because
intake air of an engine with air at a density greater than
(RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
the density of the surrounding atmosphere.
(a) It is compact
• For supercharged SI engine. Fuel consumption
increases while in CI engines it decreases. (b) It is more efficient
• Better and smooth combustion in supercharged C.I. (c) Cooling rate can be controlled
reduces fuel consumption. (d) None of the above
254. The process of scavenging is related to Ans : (a) Air cooling of engines is preferred because it
(DMRC JE 2013) is compact. The weight of the air-cooled engine is less
(a) two stroke engine (b) four stroke engine than water cooled engine.
(c) gas turbine (d) compressor • It is power to weight ratio is improved.
Ans : (a) The scavenging, in internal combustion • Installation of air cooled engine is easier.
engine, is the process of removing the burnt gases from 260. Which one of the following configuration has
the combustion of the engine cylinder. It's process the highest fin effectiveness?
occurs in two-stroke engine. (RRB Chandigarh SSE 09.09.2012)
549
 (a) Thin, close spaced • Cross flow: As the air flow is perpendicular to the
(b) Thin, widely spaced water flow.
(c) Thick, widely spaced
(d) Thick, close spaced
Ans : (a) Effectiveness is defined as the ratio of heat
transfer rate with a fix to heat transfer rate without fin.
Q with fin kP
∈= =
Q without fin hA c
P
If increase, the effectiveness of fin increases.
Ac 265. Thermostat is used in radiators to:
• Ac must to small (then fin) and fins must be closed
(Konkan Railway SSE 2015)
(a) control the velocity of water
(not too close). (b) control distribution of water to various
261. Engine temperature indicated is actually the cylinders
measurement of ................. (c) control the water temperature
(RRB JE BHOPAL 2014) (d) control the water pressure
(a) jacket cooling water (b) engine cylinder Ans : (c) Thermostat controls the normal minimum
(c) exhaust gases (d) lubricating oil water temperature and permits a quick warm up of the
engine.
Ans : (a) Engine temperature indicated in actually the
• A thermostat prevents the circulation of water below a
measurement o Jacket cooling water. certain temperature through the radiator so that the
• Therefore, it gives an indication of the temperature of water gets heated.
the engine. 266. The radiator cooling tubes are generally made of :
262. Engine cooling becomes easy when it is placed (Konkan Railway STA 2017)
at the .............. (a) Rubber (b) Plastic
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012) (c) Brass (d) Copper
(a) front Ans : (d) There is a requirement of material with
(b) left corner in the rear high thermal conductivity and also corrosion
(c) rear resistance with coolant.
• So copper tubes are used due to high thermal
(d) centre
conductivity.
Ans : (a) Air or direct cooling system: In an air- 267. Engine overheating may be due to:
cooled system a current of air is made to flow past the (DMRC JE 2013)
outside of the cylinder barrel, the outer surface area of (a) stuck radiation pressure cap
which has been considerably increased by providing in (b) open thermostat
front of engine cooling system. (c) broken fan belt
263. The output of a diesel engine can be increased (d) excess coolant
without increasing the engine revolution or size Ans : (c) Due to broken belt the cooling fan would
not work properly and causes engine overheating.
in following way :
(RRB Malda SSE 25.10.2009) 268. In engine, which of the following is an
advantage of liquid cooling system:
(a) by feeding more fuel (RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010)
(b) by increasing flywheel size (a) Dependent only on water supply
(c) by heating incomng air (b) Very cheap
(d) by supercharging (c) Even cooling
Ans : (d) The output of a diesel engine can be increased (d) Power absorbed by the pump
without increasing the engine revolution or size by Ans : (c) Types of cooling system :
supercharging. • Air-cooled system
• To increase the power output for a given weight and • Water- cooled system
Water cooled system, a coolant is circulated around the
bulk of the engine. cylinder which absorbs heat from the cylinder and
264. Automobile radiator is a heat exchanger of cylinder heads. In this system cooling is uniform or
......... type : even.
(RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009) • While air-cooled system is not uniform.
(a) Counter flow (b) Parallel flow 269. The water pump generally employed for
(c) Cross flow (d) Regenerator cooling of engine of a vehicle is–
(Konkan Railway STA 2017)
Ans : (c) The automobile radiator is a heat exchanger of (a) Gear type (b) Vane type
cross flow type. (c) Centrifugal type (d) Reciprocating type
550
Ans : (c) The water pump generally employed for Ans : (b) fins are made as thin as possible to
cooling of engine of a vehicle is centrifugal type. accommodate more no. of fin thereby more no of fins
270. What is the advantage of using 'Pressure Cap' more heat exchange of fins.
on the radiator?
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010) 276. Function of turbocharger is :
(a) Evaporation of coolant is increased by its (RRB SSE (Shift-III), 03.09.2015)
use. (a) to increase the power
(b) It prevents formation of vacuum in the (b) to decrease the thermal efficiency
system.
(c) to reduce the noise
(c) By using this, atmosheric pressure is always
maintained in the system. (d) to reduce fuel consumption
(d) Boiling point temperature of the coolant is Ans : (a) Turbocharger is compressor and a turbine
decreased by its use. mounted an a single shaft is used to increase the inlet air
Ans : (b) The cap regulate the maximum pressure, density. A turbocharger is increase the power output
preventing damage to the hoses and radiator. After and efficiency.
turning the engine off, the system cools and the coolant
contracts significantly. The cap therefore has a return
valve that admits air from the atmosphere or coolant 4. Performance of Internal
from an expansion tank. Combustion Engines
271. Radiator tubes are generally made of–
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010) 277. Ignition quality of diesel fuel is expressed by an
(a) Steel (b) Cast-iron
(c) Plastic (d) Brass index called-
Ans : (d) Radiator tubes are generally made of Brass. (a) Heptane number (b) Carbon content
Brass is an alloy copper and zinc. (c) Cetane number (d) Octane number
272. In vehicles, the prime exhaust pollutants other RRB JE 30-08-2019
than hydro-carbon, are– Ans. (c) : Ignition quality of diesel fuel is expressed by
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) an index called cetane number.
(a) CO and CO2 (b) CO2 and NO2
(c) CO2 and H2O (d) CO and NOx • The cetane which is a straight chain paraffin with
Ans : (d) Carbondioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide, good ignition quality, is assigned a cetane number of
(CO), oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Hydro carbon and 100 and alpha methyl-naphthalene which is a
particulates are the various pollutants coming from hydrocarbon with poor ignition quality is assigned a
vehicles. zero cetane number.
The prime exhaust pollutants are CO & NOx.
• The cetane number of diesel oil generally available
273. What is not included in daily pre-driving
in India is 40 to 55.
inspection of a car?
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012) 278. Air injection in IC engine refers to injection of–
(a) Checking the lubricant level in engine (RRB JE (Shift-2), 29.8.2015)
(b) Checking the coolant level (a) Air only (b) Liquid fuel only
(c) Checking the brake fluid level
(c) Liquid fuel and air (d) Supercharging air
(d) Checking the lubricant level in differential
Ans : (d) Always check your fuel level, whether it is Ans : (c) Air injection system fuel is forced into the
sufficient or not to reach the destination. Cheek break cylinder by means of compressed air. This system is
fluid & engine oil level, it is also factors. According to little used nowadays. The air injection system is good
weather check coolant level. mixing of fuel within with resultant higher mean
274. Diesel engines used in power plants are effective pressure.
usually–
279. Indicated specific fuel consumption is defined
(RRB JE (Shift-II), 29.8.2015)
(a) Air cooled (b) Supercharged as :
(c) Horizontal (d) High speed (RRB SSE (Shift-III), 01.09.2015)
Ans : (b) Supercharger is a forced induction system. (a) (Fuel consumption per hour) × (Indicated
This will increase the density of air therefore diesel work output)
engines used in power plants are usually supercharged. (b) (Fuel consumption per hour)/(Indicated
275. Fins are made as thin as possible to– power output)
(RRB JE (Shift-III), 16.09.2015)
(c) (Indicated power output)/(Fuel consumption
(a) Reduce the total weight
(b) Accomodate more number of fins per hour)
(c) Increase the width for the same profile area (d) (Fuel consumption per distance travelled)
(d) Improve flow of coolant around the fin /(Indicated power output)
551
Ans : (b) 283. In a 1000CC four stroke IC engine with crank
rateof mass of fuel(kg / hr) running at 1000rpm, if the mean effective
Specific fuel consumption = pressure is 400kPa and efficiency of engine is
Power output
0.5, then break power of the engine is
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
5 4
(a) kW (b) kW
3 7
3 7
(c) kW (d) kW
5 9
Ans : (a) pmi = 400 kPa = 400 × 103 Pa, Vs = 1000 cc
= 10−3 m3
η = 0.5, N = 1000 rpm
280. In which of the following case, air fuel rate is  N
expected to be highest  4 storke n = 
 2
(RRB SSE (shift-II), 02.09.2015) p mi × AL × n × k p mi × Vs × N ×1
(a) 2 stroke petrol engine i.p. = =
1000 × 60 1000 × 60 × 2
(b) 4 stroke petrol engine
400 × 103 × 10−3 × 1000 10
(c) 2 stroke diesel engine i.p. = = kW
(d) 4 stroke diesel engine 1000 × 60 × 2 3
b.p.
Ans : (c) The ratio of air- fuel is expected to be ηth =
maximum in 2-stroke diesel engine. A two-stroke i.p.
engine consumes a higher air to fuel ratio as compared b.p.
0.5 =
to a four stroke engine to produce the same power as the 10
unburnt fuel escapes through the exhaust valve. 3
281. An I.C. engine develops indicated power of 150 5
kW. If the mechanical efficiency of the engine ∴ b.p. = kW
3
is 80%, then brake power delivered is.
(a) 187.5 kW (b) 120 kW 284. If an engine is connected to a dynamometer
(c) 200 kW (d) 180 kW which gives brake output torque reading of 200
(DMRC JE 22.09.2017) Nm at 3600 RPM, then the brake power is :
(a) 12 kW (b) 104 kW
Ans. (b) : Given,
(c) 55 kW (d) 75 kW
Brake power = 150 kW
Mechanical efficiency = 80% (BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019)
BP Ans. (d) : Given,
ηm = N = 3600 rpm, T = 200 N-m
IP Brake power (P) = T. ω
80 BP 2 πN
= P = T×
100 IP 60
80 200 × 2π × 3600
BP = × 150 P=
100 60
∴ BP = 120 kW P = 75360 Watt
282. The ratio of the brake power output to the fuel P = 75.36 kW
energy input per unit time is called............ 285. Octane number of gasoline is a measure of its:
(a) relative efficiency (a) Resistance to Knock (b) Ignition delay
(b) thermal efficiency (c) Ignition temperature (d) Smoke point
(c) volumetric efficiency (RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010)
(d) mechanical efficiency Ans. (a) Octane Number is the measure of the
DMRC JE 17.04.2018, 4:30-6:45pm resistance of gasoline/petrol against detonation
Ans : (b) /knocking or pre-ignition of the fuel in the engine.
Brake power 286. What are the two reference fuels used for
ηth = cetane rating?
mf × C.V.
(RRB Allahabad JE 19.12.2010)
2πNT (a) cetane and iso-octane
Brake power = and mf = Mass flow rate of fuel
60 (b) cetane and α-methyl napthalene
per unit time (c) cetane and n-heptane
C.V = Calorific value of fuel (d) cetane and tetraethyl lead
552
Ans. (b) : Reference fuel : Normal cetane (C16H39) Ans : (d) An engine indicator is used to determine mean
which is assigned a cetane No. of 100 and α-methyl effective pressure (Pm) and Indicative power.
naphthalene (C11H10) which is assigned a cetane No. of
zero.
287. The air standard efficiency of an Otto cycle
compared to diesel cycle for the given
compression ratio is:
(a) the same
(b) more or less depending on power rating
(c) more
(d) less
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010)
Ans. (c) : For same compression ratio and heat
addition
Otto cycle > Dual cycle > Diesel cycle (pmean) = m.s
For same compression ratio and heat rejection m = Mean length of diagram
Otto cycle > Dual cycle > Diesel cycle s = scale of the indicator spring
For same maximum temperature and heat rejection 291. Diesel fuel, compared to petrol is
Diesel cycle > Dual cycle > Otto cycle (a) less difficult to ignite
(b) just about the same difficult to ignite
288. Calorific value of a fuel is based on
(c) more difficult to ignite
(a) 1 kg of fuel (b) 1 kg/m3 of fuel
(d) highly ignitable
(c) 1 m3 of fuel (d) Any one of these
(RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
(RRB Mumbai JE 05.10.2008)
Ans : (c) Self-ignition temperature is the lowest
Ans : (d) Calorific value is the amount of heat energy temperature at which a diesel/petrol will ignite itself
present in fuel and which is determined by the complete without the presence of a spark or flame.
combustion of specified quantity at constant pressure The self ignition temperature of diesel is 210ºC and that
and in normal conditions. of petrol varies from 247º to 280ºC.
It is also called calorific power. The unit of The lowest self ignition temperature of diesel is the
calorific value is kilojoule per kg i.e. kJ/kg. reason behind the absence of a spark play in diesel
289. Which of the following is the lightest and most engine.
volatile liquid fuel? Thereby diesel is more difficult to ignite compared to
petrol.
(A) 6:1 (B) 9 :1
292. The self ignition temperature of diesel is
(C) 12 : 1 (D) 15 : 1
______as compared to that of petrol.
(a) Only A (b) Only B (DMRC JE 2013)
(c) Only C (d) Only D (a) is higher
(RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008) (b) is lower
Ans : (d) 15:1 is the lightest and most volatile liquid (c) is same
fuel. (d) Cannot be determined
• Gasoline is the lightest and most volatile liquid fuel. Ans : (b) Self ignition temperature of diesel is lower as
Petrol - It is the lightest and most volatile liquid fuel,compared to that of petrol. Therefore reduce the
mainly used for light petrol engine. It is distilled at a knocking is diesel engine. While self ignition
temperature from 65º to 220ºC. temperature of petrol is higher so that reduce the
knocking in petrol.
• Kerosene - It is heavier and less volatile fuel then the
petrol. 293. Ethyl fuel is used
(a) to increase the octane rating of the fuel
• Increasing order of volatility - Diesel < Kerosene <
(b) to increase the cetane rating of the fuel
Gasoline.
(c) as a defrosting agent
290. An engine indicator is used to determine the (d) as a superior type of fluid compared to others
following (DMRC JE 20.04.2018)
(a) speed (b) temperature Ans. (a) : Ethanol (C2H5OH) has a higher octane No.
(c) volume of cylinder (d) none of these than gasoline, so more thermal efficiency than petrol
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010) engine.
553
294. Which of the following represents the 296. The diesel oil is obtained during distillation
CORRECT graph for relation between process between the temperature limits.
efficiency (η) and compression ratio rk? (a) 1000C to 2000C (b) 2000C to 3000C
0 0
(c) 360 C to 475 C (d) 5000C to 6750C
(Konkan Railway SSE 2015)
Ans : (b) The petroleum is heated slowly in the
fractional column and respective components is
separated at its boiling point.

• Petroleum gas among the given option has a minimum

boiling point and it is the lightest.
297. Select the correct option for increasing order of
the following efficiencies of an engine–
(RRB Kolkata Diesel JE 25.10.2009)
(I) Brake thermal efficiency
(II) Air standard efficiency
(III) Indicated thermal efficiency
The options are as follows :
(a) (I), (II), (III) (b) (I), (III), (II)
(c) (II), (III), (I) (d) (III), (I), (II)
Ans : (b) Increasing order of engine efficiency-
(Konkan Railway STA 2017) Brake thermal efficiency < Indicative efficiency < Air
Ans. (d) : standard efficiency
B.P.× 60
1
γ −1
Brake thermal efficiency =
(i) Petrol engine (ηotto) = 1 −   ɺ s (h − h f )
m
 rc  I.P.× 60
γ
Indicative thermal efficiency =
1  ρ −1  ɺ s (h − h f )
m
(ii) Diesel engine (ηDiesel) = 1 − γ −1  
( rc )  γ (ρ − 1)  298. If ηbt = Brake thermal efficiency
The efficiency of both Otto cycle and diesel cycle ηit = Indicated thermal efficiency
increase with increasing compression ratio. But it is and ηm = Mechanical efficiency
fixed after a certain limit. which one of the following is correct relation?
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) ηit = ηbt × ηm (b) ηm = ηit × ηbt
(c) ηbt = ηit × ηm (d) ηm = ηit / ηbt
Ans : (c)
BP
Mechanical efficiency = ηm =
B.P. m
= ɺ × C.V. = ηbt
I.P. I.P. ηit
295. Alcohol, which is a liquid fuel is obtained from
(a) the distillation of crude oil ɺ × C.V.
m
(b) vegetable matters by the fermentation process ∴ ηbt = ηit × ηm
(c) destructive distillation of coal Energy of fuel = m × C.V.
(d) None of these 299. In individual pump fuel injection system of
(Konkan Railway TA 2017) diesel engine, what is the function of fuel feed
Ans. (b) : Alcohol, which is a liquid fuel is obtained pump?
from vegetable matters by the fermentation process. (RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009)
Fermentation (a) To supply correct quantity of diesel to the
Starch in carbohydrate →
Enzyme
Sugar 
by yeast
 → Ethanol injector
• Vegetable oil particularly sunflower oil can be (b) To produce high pressure for the injection of
blended with diesel to reduce the consumption of diesel. diesel
554
 (c) To supply diesel from tank to injection pump 302. The power to operate oil pump is obtained
(d) To supply diesel to the injector at correct time from ..................
Ans : (c) Fuel injection system lies at the very high (RRB Malda SSE 25.10.2009)
pressure of the diesel engine. By pressurising and RRB Secunderabad Section Engineer (Mech.)
injecting the fuel, the system forces it into air that has 29.06.2008
been compressed to high pressure in the combustion (a) Camshaft (b) Alternator
chamber. (c) Thermostat (d) Crankshaft
Fuel injection pump pressurieses fuel to high pressure. Ans : (d) The crankshaft converts the reciprocating
Feed pump-suck the fuel from the fuel tank to the motion of pistons to rotational motion.
injection pump and driven by its camshaft.
• The oil pump is the heart of the lubrication system.
300. Efficiency of a Diesel cycle will approach to • The oil pump is a highly critical part of the engine- if
Otto cycle when
an oil pump stops working it will lead to high friction,
(RRB Gorakhpur RDSO SSE 25.10.2009)
heating and engine failure. That one reason why the oil
(a) Diesel engine will operate at high speed
(b) Cut–off period of diesel cycle is reduced to pump is directly driven by the crankshaft.
zero. 303. The part of ignition system that stores energy
(c) Diesel fuel is balanced with petrol. in the form of magnetism and delivers it to
(d) None of these distributor via HT lead is ................
Ans : (d) Efficiency of a diesel cycle will approach to (RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009)
otto cycle at cut-off period of diesel cycle is reduced to (a) Contact breakers (b) Ballast resistor
zero. (c) Ignition coil (d) Ignition switch
Ans : (c) The ignition coil is a transformer that
1  ργ − 1  1
ηD = 1 − γ−1   η0 = 1 − γ−1 transforms battery voltage into many thousand volts.
r  γ ( ρ − 1)  r • A coil has a low voltage primary winding and a high
From the diesel cycle efficiency formula- voltage secondary winding.
when ρ =0 [cutt-off ratio] • When electrical current flows through a oil it creates
1 a magnetic field and delivers it to the distributor
ηDiesel = 1 − γ−1 through high Tension lead.
γr
ηDiesel > ηotto 304. A two stroke IC engine has a stroke length of
120 mm and cylinder diameter 80 mm. Its
and if ρ = 1, mean effective pressure is 4×105 N/m2 and the
 1  ρ − 1  
γ
crankshaft speed is 1500 r.p.m. what is its
ηDiesel = 1 − lim  γ−1  
 γ ( ρ − 1)  
ρ→1 r indicated power (in kW)?
 (RRB Mumbai C&G SSE 25.10.2009)
applying L, Hospital rule (a) 1.92 (b) 24.12
1 (c) 60.3 (d) None of these
ηD = 1 − γ−1
r Ans : (d) Stroke length L = 120 mm, K = 1 No. of
ηDiesel = ηotto cylinder (k) =1
Hence, the efficiency of the diesel cycle approaches to d = 80 mm
otto cycle efficiency when cut-off ratio is equal to unity. pm = 4 × 105 N/m2
2 for two stroke (n) = N (Crank speed)
301. If area of actual indicator diagram is 20 cm
and base width of indicator diagram is 10 cm = 1500 r.p.m.
and spring value is 5N/m /cm then mean 2
π
effective pressure will be .............. A = d2
4
(RRB Jammu JE 25.10.2009) π
A = ( 80 )
2
RRB Kolkata Mech. Engg., 06.02.2005
4
(a) 30 N/m2 (b) 20 N/m2 A = 5.02 × 10–3m2
2
(c) 10 N/m (d) 50 N/m2
Ans : (c) Area of the indicator diagram = a (cm2) p × LAN × k
ip = mi kw
a 60 ×1000
Average height of the diagram =
ℓ 4 × 105 × 5.02 × 10−3 × 0.12 × 1500
a ip =
Average mean indicator pressure = × k N / m 2 60 ×1000
ℓ ip = 6.03kW
a
Pm = × k Pa 305. Which test can be considered only for multi-
ℓ
20 × 5 cylinder engine?
Pm = (DMRC 18.02.2017, 8.30 a.m)
10 (a) Frictional power test (b) Breake test
2
Pm = 10 N/m
(c) Motoring test (d) Morse test
555
Ans : (d) The mores test is the test conducted to Ans : (b) The Morse test is conducted to determine the
determine the indicative power developed in each power developed in each cylinder in a multi-cylinder IC
cylinder in a multi-cylinder IC engine. Engine.
• Motoring test, a swinging field type electric The method are used to find out the frictional power
dynamometer used to absorb the power developed are-
during the steady-state operation. (a) Willan’s line method
The test in which the engine runs at a constant speed (b) Morse test
using the motor and the engine is connected to the (c) Motoring test
electric motor is called the motoring test. 310. Which of the following thermodynamic cycle is
306. Which dynamometer will be used for most efficient for same compression ration and
measuring BHP of an automobile engine? same heat input:
(DMRC 18.02.2017, 8.30 a.m) (RRB Bhubneshwar JE II 29.11.2008)
(a) Hydraulic (a) Diesel cycle (b) Dual cycle
(b) Electrical generator type (c) Otto cycle (d) None of the above
(c) Electrical resistance type Ans : (c)
(d) Prony brake • For same compression ratio and heat addition :-
Ans : (a) Hydraulic dynamometer are used to measure ηdiesel < ηdual < ηotto
the force, torque, and power produced by different types • For same compression ratio and heat rejection-
of engines, motors, and other varieties of rotating
ηdiesel < ηdual < ηotto
movers.
• For same maximum temperature and head rejection
2πNT
B.P. = (T= Torque on crankshaft) ηotto < ηdual < ηdiesel
60 • For same maximum pressure and heat input
307. Useful power available at crankshaft is ηotto < ηdual < ηdiesel
known as :
(DMRC 18.02.2017, 8.30 a.m) 311. Iso-octane content in a fuel for S.I. Engines:
(RRB JE BHOPAL 2014) (RRB Mumbai C&G SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) Brake power (b) Friction power (a) retards auto-ignition
(c) Thermal power (d) Indicated power (b) accelerates auto-ignition
(c) does not affect auto ignition
Ans : (a) Brake power/shaft power is the power
(d) none of the above
available at the engine crankshaft.
B.P. = T × ω Ans : (a) Iso-octane (C8H18) chemically being a very
good antiknock fuel is arbitrarily assigned a rating of
100 octane No. Hence iso-octane content in fuel for SI
engaging retards auto-ignition.
312. Willan's law gives a straight line graph
between the rate of steam consumption and:
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) pressure of steam
308. Orsat apparatus is used to find the: (b) temperature of steam
(RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012) (c) volume of steam
(a) Indicated horse power of I.C. engine (d) indicated horse power
(b) Composition of exhaust of I.C. engine Ans : (d) • Willan's law give a straight line graph
(c) Thermal efficency of the I.C. engine between the rate of steam consumption and indicated
(d) Dryness fraction of steam horse power.
Ans : (b) Orsat apparatus - It is used for carrying out • Willan's line is curve plotted of stream consumption
volumetric analysis of dry products of combustion rate in steam engine versus indicated power.
• An orsat gas analyser is a piece of laboratory
equipment used to analyse a gas sample (typically
fossil fuel) for its oxygen, carbon monoxide and
carbon dioxide content.
309. Morse test is used to find the:
(RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) indicated thermal dfficiency of single
cylinder
(b) indicated horse power of multi cylinder
engine
(c) brake thermal efficiency of multi cylinder
engine 313. The specific fuel consumption of a diesel engine
(d) mechanical efficiency of multi cylinder as compared to that for petrol engine is :
engine (Konkan Railway TA 2017)
556
 (a) lower 318. Octane number of iso-octane is
(b) higher (RRB Kolkala SSE 09.09.2012)
(c) same for same output (a) 50 (b) 70
(d) none of the above (c) 0 (d) 100
Ans : (a) The specific consumption of a CI engine is Ans : (d) The Octane Number of a given fuel is
lower than that of an SI engine because the calorific determined by comparing the amount of knocking that
value of diesel fuel is slightly lower than the petrol fuel
and also diesel fuel is denser than petrol and contains fuel causes when combusted with the amount of
more energy by volume. knocking caused by two standard reference fuels.
Iso-octane (which resists knocking and has an octane
314. The cetane number of automotive diesel fuel
used in India lies in which of the following number of 100)
ranges? Heptane (which cause knocking & has an octane
(RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010) number of 0).
(a) 30-40 (b) 41-50 319. The commercially available petrol in India has
(c) 51-60 (d) 61-70 an octane rating of :
Ans : (b) The diesel fuel has in determining the (RRB Bhopal SSE 09.09.2012)
ignition delay. Higher the cetane rating of fuel lesser is (a) 40-50 (b) 60-75
the property for diesel knock. In India cetane no. lies (c) 85-90 (d) 30-36
between 40 to 60. Ans : (c) In India, passenger cars use petrol of octane
315. Morse test is used for multi-cylinder spark no. in the range 80-85 while high speed racing cars
ignition engine to determine : use higher octane rating in the range of 95 to 100.
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) 320. Which of the following fuel having maximum
(a) Thermal efficiency resistance to detonation?
(b) Mechanical efficiency (RRB Jammu SSE 09.09.2012)
(c) Volumetric efficiency
(d) Relative efficiency RRB Kolkata Apprentice Engg., 14.10.2001
(a) toluene (b) iso-octane
Ans : (b)
(c) n-heptane (d) benzene
2πNT
Brake Power = KW Ans : (b) Iso-octane chemically being a very good
60 ×1000 antiknock fuel, is arbitrarily assigned a rating of 100
Where, T = Torque on crankshaft
N = Speed of crankshaft octane No.
B.P. and I.P. once known, calculate the efficiency o the Normal heptanes (C7H16) has poor antiknock qualities
engine ie readily detonates and given a rating of octane No.
B.P. 321. The indicator on engine is used to determine :
mechanical efficiency ηm = (RRB Bhubneshwar JE II 29.11.2008)
I.P. (a) Speed (b) Temperature
316. Actual power generated in engine cylinder is (c) IHP and mep (d) BHP
know as
(RRB Allahabad JE 25.10.2009) Ans : (c) The device which measures the variations of
(a) brake horse power the pressure in the cylinder over a part or full cycle is
(b) indicated horse power called an indicator and the plot of such information
(c) one boiler horse power obtained is called on indicator diagram. This shows
(d) fractional horse power the mean effective pressure and indicated horse power
Ans : (b) Indicated Power:- (IHP).
It is the actual power developed inside the engine 322. For complete burning of 1 kg of carbon, the air
cylinder- required will be about
Pm LANK (RRB Gorakhpur RDSO SSE 25.10.2009)
I.P = kw (a) 3.67 kg (b) 13.7 kg
1000 (c) 11.6 kg (d) 14.5 kg
317. Morse test is conducted on Ans : (c) C + O2  → CO2
(RRB Allahabad SSE 09.09.2012)
(a) vertical engines C = molecule weight (12)
(b) horizontal engines O2 = molecule weight (32)
(c) single cylinder engines For complete combustion of 12kg of carbon, 32kg of
(d) multi cylinder engines oxygen mass is required.
Ans : (d) • Morse test is a test conducted to determine ∴ For completely burning of 1 kg of carbon
the power developed in each cylinder in a multi- 32 100
= × = 11.59
cylinder IC Engine. 12 23
• First the power developed by all the cylinders Note–Because the amount of oxygen (by mass) in the
together is determined experimentally atmosphere is 23%.
• Then the power of the individual cylinders are For complete combustion of 1kg of carbon = 11.6kg
determined by cutting off the power supply. of oxygen will be required.
557
323. Morse test is conducted on multicylinder Ans : (a) An ideal fuel/air mixture in which both the
engine to find the engine's fuel and the oxygen in the air are completely consumed
(Konkan Railway TA 2017) is called the stoichiometric mixture such a mixture
(a) stroke length doesn't cause knocking. The stoichiometric ratio of air-
(b) emission performance fuel ratio by mass for petrol as (14.7:1).
(c) compression ratio The air fuel ratio for CI engines vary from 18:1 to 80:1
(d) indicated power from full lead to No load.
Ans : (d) 328. By adding tetraethyl lead to iso-octane
P LAnK (JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
I .P. = m Kw
60 × 1000 (a) Exhaust smoke can be reduced
Pm = mean effective pressure in N/m2 (b) Knocking can be completely suppressed
L = Stroke length (c) Octane number above 100 can be obtained
N (d) Specific fuel consumption can be reduced
n= Ans : (b) TEL was mixed with gasoline (petrol)
2
K = No. of cylinder. beginnings in the 1920s as a patented octane rating
324. Sulphur content in diesel fuel should not be booster that allowed engine compression to be raised
more than- substantially, which in turn increased vehicle
(RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010) performance or fuel economy. By adding tetraethyl
(a) 10% (b) 5% lead to iso-octane knocking can be completely
(c) 1% (d) 0.01% suppressed.
Ans : (c) The developed countries reduced acceptable 329. ISO octane is
levels of sulphur in diesel fuel from 0.05% by weight to (DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
0.01%. (a) C8H18 (b) C10H33
Hence by option sulphur content in diesel fuel should (c) C13H36 (d) C15H33
not be more than 1%. Ans : (a) ISO octane is C8H18. It is the most important
325. Flash point for diesel fuel should be- of eighteen octane isomers. Since it is an important
(RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008) component of moter gasoline, it is produced
(a) Minimum 490C (b) Maximum 490C synthetically, but is also found to a small extent in
0
(c) Minimum 99 C (d) Maximum 990C petroleum.
Ans : (a) Flash point is defined as the lowest ISO-octane increases the octane no. of petrol.
temperature at which an oil will vaporize sufficiently to 330. Reference fuels for knock rating of SI engines
form a combustible mixture of oil vapour and air above fuels would include
the surface of the oil. It is found by heating a quantity at (DMRC JE 22.09.2017)
the oil in a special container while passing a flame (a) Iso-octane and α-methyl naphthalene
above the liquid to ignite the vapours. A distinct flash of (b) Normal octane and aniline
flame occurs when the flash-point temperature is (c) Iso octane and n-hexane
reached. (d) n-heptane and Iso-octane
• Flash point of diesel is 52ºC. Ans : (d) The antiknocking value of an SI engine fuel
• Flash point of petrol is –43ºC. is determined by comparing its antiknock property
326. The indicated power of SI engine is with a mixture of two reference fuels, normal heptane
measured by : (C7 H16) and iso-octane (C8H18).
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010) 331. Indicating power of four stroke Engine is
(a) Ultrasonic test (b) Tensile test expressed as–
(c) Morse test (d) Dynamometer test (JMRC JE 10.06.2017)
Ans : (c) (a) PLAN (b) 2PLAN
• Indicated power of SI Engine is measured by morse (c) PLAN/2 (d) 4 PLAN
test. Ans : (c) Indicating power of four stroke engine is
• The test measures the indicated power by cutting out P LAN k
the spark plug of the cylinder by keeping the speed of I.P = m kW.
60 × 1000 × 2
Engine constant.
n = N/2 [for -4-stroke engine]
FP = I.P - BP n=N [ for 2-stroke engine]
327. Stoichiometric ratio for efficiently running of k = No. of cylinder.
an engine is: for 2-stroke engine
(RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010) P LAN
I.P = m kW.
(a) Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by volume 60 × 100 × 2
(b) actual air-fuel ratio 332. The ratio of brake horse power and indicating
(c) Chemically correct air-fuel ratio by weight horse power is called–
(d) none of the above (RRB Bhubneshwar JE-II 19.12.2010)
558
 (a) Mechanical efficiency (a) Battery, contact breaker, distributor
(b) Over all efficiency (b) Contact breaker, condenser, distributor
(c) Indicating thermal efficiency (c) Secondary winding, contact breaker,
(d) Brake thermal efficiency condenser
Ans : (a) The ratio of broke horse power and indicating (d) Secondary winding, distributor, spark plug
horse power is called mechanical efficiency. Ans : (d) Secondary ignition circuit of battery ignition
BP system are secondary winding, distributor, spark plug.
Mechanical efficiency (ηm) =
IP • High tension current from the secondary winding
B.P flows to the distributor and the spark plug.
Brake thermal efficiency ( ηb ,th ) =
m f × c.v 337. The components of primary ignition circuit of
i.p battery ignition system are–
Indicated thermal efficiency ( ηi ,th ) = (RRB Mumbai SSE 05.10.2008)
m f × c.v
(a) Contact breaker, Condenser, Distributor cap
Volume of air actually induced when (b) Contact breaker, Ignition coil, Spark plug
reduced to intake condition ( Va ) (c) Contact breaker, Ignition switch, Condenser
Volumetric efficiency ηv =
Swept Volume ( Vs ) (d) Contact breaker, Ignition switch, Rotor
mf Ans : (c) The primary ignition circuit of battery ignition
Brake Specific fuel consumption (bsfc) = kg / kWh system are centant breaker, ignition switch, condenser.
B.P
Indicated specific fuel consumption (isfc) • The primary winding has its end connected to two
mf primary terminals. The low tension terminal is
= kg / kWh connected to the battery and the contact breaker points.
ip
338. The primary winding of ignition coil consist of–
333. In a four stroke engine, the speed of the engine
(RRB Mumbai JE 19.12.2010)
is N r.p.m. The speed of the cam shaft will be–
(JMRC JE 10.06.2017) (a) few turns of thin wire
(b) many turns of thin wire
N
(a) r.p.m (b) N r.p.m. (c) few turns of thick wire
2 (d) many turns of thick wire
(c) 2 N r.p.m. (d) 4 N r.p.m.
Ans : (c) The primary coil, which consists of relatively
Ans : (a) In a 4-stroke engine, the speed of the engine
few turns (150) of heavy wire (thick wire), is connected
in N rpm the speed of the camshaft will be N/2 rpm.
to the two primary terminals located on top of the coil.
while in 2-stroke engine the speed of the camshaft will
be N rpm. While secondary coil consists of many turns (18000) of
fine wire (thin wire).
334. In motor-cycles fitted with four-stroke engines,
_______mechanism is used to operate the 339. The parameter to be kept constant during
valves. Morse test is :
(BMRCL JE 24 Feb. 2019) (RRB Mumbai SSE 19.12.2010)
(a) Chain drive (b) Gear drive (a) Load on the engine
(c) Belt drive (d) Push rod (b) Speed of the engine
Ans : (a) In motor-cycles fitted with four-stroke (c) Brake power of the engine
engines, chain mechanism is used to operates the (d) Temperature of exhaust gases
valves while push rod is generally used in CI Ans : (b) The purpose of mores test is to obtain the
engine. approximate Indicated power of a multi cylinder
335. By which one of the following action, diesel Engine. It consists o running the engine against a
knock can not be prevented? dynamometer at a particular speed, cutting out the firing
(RRB Allahabad SSE 19.12.2010) of each cylinder in turn and noting the fall in BP each
(a) by keeping the compression ratio high time while maintaining the speed constant.
(b) by increasing the intake air pressure 340. If
(c) by decreasing the temperature of the pm = mean effective pressure
combustion chamber L = Length of stroke
(d) by increasing the injection pressure of diesel N = engine speed (revolutions per second)
Ans : (c) By decreasing the temperature of the A = Bore area
combustion chamber we can't prevent to knocking in The indicated power of four stroke engine will
diesel engine. If the temperature of combustion chamber
be–
decrease then air-fuel mixture is not properly burn
thereby exhaust gas is more smoky and also desired
(DMRC JE 2013)
power is not obtained. N
(a) p m .L.A.N (b) p m .L.A.
336. The components of secondary ignition circuit 4
of battery ignition system are– N
(c) p m .L.A.N (d) p m .L.A.
(RRB Mumbai JE 05.10.2008) 2
559
Ans : (d) The power generated inside the cylinder is (a) grounded terminal cable first
called the indicator power (I.P) (b) positive terminal cable first
Pm = mean effective pressure in N/m2 (c) both terminal cables together
L = Stroke length(m2) (d) ignition coil terminal cable first
A = Area m2 Ans : (a) Because, negative terminal of the battery is
n = rpm
grounded to the body of the vehicle. If positive terminal
N is removed first then chances of a spark are more if this
n= for 4-stroke
2 terminal touches the body through the metal spanner or
n = N for 2-stroke wrench you are opening with is grounded accidentally.
P LAN
for four stroke indicative power(I.P)= m 345. Odometer is an instrument which measures–
60 × 2 (RRB Mumbai C&G JE 25.10.2009)
P LAN RRB Kolkata Jr. Engineer-II Mech. DRG &
for two stroke indicative power (I.P) = m Design, 11.06.2006
60 (a) Fuel consumption
341. Power developed inside the engine cylinders is (b) Pressure of lubricating oil
called–
(c) Speed of the vehicle
(Konkan Railway STA 2017)
(a) Indicated power (b) Brake power (d) Distance travelled by the vehicle
(c) Friction power (d) Thermal power Ans : (d) Odometer is an instrument which measures
Ans : (a) Its is the power developed inside the engine distance travelled by the vehicle.
P LAN k • Tachometer is measure revolution per minute (rpms)
cylinder. ip = m of revolving shaft.
60
i.P • Speedometer is measure speed of vehicle.
indicated thermal efficiency ( ηi,th ) = 346. The capacity of battery used in vehicles, is
mf × c.v
342. Unit of brake specific fuel consumption is– usually expressed in–
(Konkan Railway TA 2017) (RRB Gorakhpur RDSO SSE 25.10.2009)
(a) kg-hr-kW (b) kg-hr/kW (a) Volts (b) Amperes
(c) kW-hr/kg (d) kg/kW-hr (c) Ampere - Hour (d) Watts
Ans : (d) Ans : (c) An ampere-hour is the amount of current a
rate of fuelconsumption certain battery can supply for a certain period of time.
specific fuel consumption =
power 347. The stoichiometric air-fuel ratio by volume for
combustion of carbon monoxide in air is–
kg / hour ( mf )
BSFC = (RRB JE (Shift-3), 29.8.2015)
Kw.( B.P.) RRB Chandigarh Section Engineer (Mech.),
bsfc is a measure of the fuel efficiency of any prime 26.02.2012
mover that burns fuel and produces rotational, or shaft (a) 1.19 (b) 2.38
power. It is typically used for comparing the efficiency (c) 3.57 (d) 4.76
of IC engine with a shaft output.
343. Which of the following are the reasons of very Ans : (b)
black smoke in diesel engine? 1 79  79
CO +  O 2 + N 2  → CO 2 + N2
(Konkan Railway SSE 2015) 2 21  21× 2
(I) Using fuel of low cetane number
(II) Overloading of the engine
(III) Fuel-Air mixture being rich
The options are as follows–
(a) (I) and (II) (b) (II) and (III)
(c) (I) and (III) (d) (I), (II) and (III)
Ans : (b) Black smoke in the exhaust of a diesel engine
indicates incomplete combustion of fuel. So, because,
(i) Overloading will lead to high fuel consumption
and hence can't control the black smoke at the
exhaust.
(ii) Fuel-air mixture being rich so exhaust gases is
black smoky. 79
(iii) Low cetane no. can control black smoke emission 0.5 +
A 21× 2
or not can't be concluded as it is engine dependent. =
F 1
344. When removing the battery from a negative
A
earth return system vehicle, disconnect– = 2.38
(RRB Chandigarh SSE 25.10.2009) F
560