UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA DEL CENTRO
ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN
SEGUNDA EN ESPECIALIDAD EN: ENSEÑANZA DEL IDIOMA
INGLÉS
COURSE : ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF TEXTS IN ENGLISH
UNIT 1 : FUNDAMENTALS OF TEXT COMPREHENSION AND INTERPRETATION
TEACHER : DR. BRENDA MARILIN CASTILLO HONORIO
2025
Table of contents
Unit 1: Fundamentals of text comprehension and interpretation
• Session 1: Foundations of Textual Analysis
Types of texts
Text structure
Paragraph organization
• Session 2: Reading Strategies and Comprehension
Reading techniques
Strategies for reading comprehension
Extensive and intensive reading
Before we start
• What do you expect about the course?
• What do you understand by analysis and interpretation of
texts?
• Can you understand any kind of text?
• What are the three dimensions of reading?
Session 1: Foundations of Textual Analysis
Objectives:
Understand the different types of texts (narrative, descriptive, expository, and argumentative).
Identify the basic structure of a text: introduction, body, and conclusion.
Recognize the main idea and supporting details.
Content:
Classification of texts in English.
Structural and organizational elements.
Introduction to contextual vocabulary and connectors.
Methodology and Activities:
Theoretical presentation using slides and examples.
Guided reading of simple texts with exercises to identify the central idea and supporting details.
Pair work to compare findings and discuss differences.
Resources and Materials:
Exercises and readings available at: British Council: Reading (https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/skills/reading )
Adapted texts from various online support materials.
Provide examples of each type of text. In
your experience, name some books,
novels, articles, you’ve been in touch
with. Narrative
Argumentative Descriptive
Types
of texts
Instructional Expository
Text structure refers to the way authors organize information in a text.
Text structure is the “skeleton” that gives a “shape” and organizes the ideas
within a text. Understanding how a text is organized makes it easier to
understand the author’s meaning — and helps students focus attention on key
concepts and relationships, anticipate what is to come, monitor their
comprehension as they read, and summarize the central ideas. Understanding
text structure also helps students with their own writing.
Common text structures
Cause and
Description
effect
Compare
Chronology
and contrast
Problem
and solution
Text structures found in different text types
Narrative text is often the easiest for students to identify and
understand. Most young readers are familiar with the language of
stories (sometimes called “story grammar”) which typically includes the
following components:
Exposition: introduces the setting, characters, and conflict of the
story.
Rising action: introduces the challenges and obstacles that the
characters face.
Climax: the turning point of the story, where the conflict is resolved.
Falling action: describes the aftermath of the climax, as the
characters deal with the consequences of their actions.
Resolution: ties up any loose ends and brings the story to a close.
Descriptive text mixes different text structures in creating a vivid, multi-
sensory picture in the reader’s mind. The most common text structures
found in descriptive text are description and compare-contrast.
Expository text can be more challenging for young readers than
narrative text because it doesn’t follow a typical sequence of events
unfolding over time. Expository texts can also include all five of the
common text structures, requiring readers to identify which structure is
being used and for what purpose.
Procedural or instructional text typically uses the chronology/sequence
text structure to describe a step-by-step process.
Argumentative or persuasive text also mixes different text structures. The most common text
structures found in argumentative text are description, cause-effect, compare-contrast, and
problem-solution. Argumentative text usually follows this pattern:
Claim: the main point of the argument — the statement that the author is trying to prove.
Reasons: the supporting statements that the author uses to prove their claim.
Evidence: the data or information that the author uses to support their reasons.
Counterclaims: the opposing arguments that the author addresses.
Rebuttals: the responses that the author provides to the counterclaims.
Paragraph organization
Match the concepts to the definitions
