Republic of the Philippines I.

OBJECTIVES
Department of Education A. Content Standards:
Region III The learner acquires knowledge of appropriate reading
Schools Division Office of Bulacan strategies for a better understanding of academic texts.
Carlos F. Gonzales High School

B. Performance Standards:
The learner produces a detailed abstract of information
English for Academic and gathered from the various academic texts read.

Professional Purposes
C. MELCs:
Uses knowledge of text structure to glean the information
Using Knowledge of Text he/she needs

Structure to Glean Information D. Specific Objectives:

1. identify the structure of academic text;

ACTIVITY SHEET 2 2. differentiate the structures of academic text; and

3. create an academic text that can be applied to a text
structure

NAME: II. CONTENT

GRADE AND SECTION:  Lesson 2 – Using Knowledge of Text

Structure to Glean Information
DATE OF SUBMISSION:

General Directions: Carefully read each part of this booklet

and supply what is asked. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper. Page 2

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III. PROCEDURES: a. due to
A. Preliminary Activities b. because
1. Pre-Test c. meanwhile
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read the following statements and choose the _______ 8. It is the basic pattern of a story.
a. middle - beginning - end
best answer. Write your answers in your answer sheet.
b. beginning – middle - end
_______ 1. It refers to how information is organized in a passage. c. end – middle - beginning
a. descriptive structure _______ 9. It is organized based on the occurrence of an event.
b. academic structure a. spatial/description
c. text structure b. chronological order
_______ 2. It is a text structure that explains reasons why something c. cause and effect
happened. _______ 10. This word means order.
a. problem-solution a. chrono
b. cause and effect b. logic
c. spatial/description c. chronology
_______ 3. This type of text examines the similarities and differences _______ 11. The following are signal words for contrasting EXCEPT:
between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. a. similarly
a. problem-solution b. but
b. cause and effect c. unlike
c. comparison and contrast _______ 12. The following are signal words for chronological order
_______ 4. This word means time. EXCEPT:
a. chrono a. first, second, third…
b. logic b. begin, next, last…
c. chronological c. like, unlike, both…
_______ 5. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems, _______ 13. The following are signal words for comparing EXCEPT:
explains solutions and then discusses the effects of the solution. a. both
a. problem-solution b. but
b. cause and effect c. similarly
c. comparison and contrast _______ 14. This text structure presents the causal relationship
_______ 6. This type of text structure features a detailed description of between a specific event.
something to give a reader a mental picture. a. cause and effect
a. problem-solution b. spatial description
b. cause and effect c. comparison and contrast. _
c. spatial/description ______ 15. What kind of description should be used in describing
_______ 7. The following words can be used as signal words in cause specific events, persons or places in spatial/description text
and effect text structure EXCEPT: structure?
Page 3 a. vague
b. vivid
c. non realistic
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2. Reviewing Previous Lesson: ANALYSIS:
Directions: Identify the following terms based on your previous lesson. Processing questions:
Choose your answer from the box below. Write the letter of your A. What is text structure?
answer in the answer sheet. _____________________________________________
A. style _____________________________________________
B. purpose _____________________________________________
C. caution
D. objectivity B. What are the common types of text structure?
E. formal _____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
___1. It is the language that should be used in writing academic text. _____________________________________________
___2. It serves as the writer’s goal in writing a text.
___3. It is a feature of language that requires you to be careful on your 3. ABSTRACTION (Discussion of the Topic)
writing.
Text Structure
___4. It is a feature of language which prohibits you to include
Every student should understand that a text should
personal emotions in the text.
present its details and main ideas. Text structure helps
___5. It deals with the way the writer organize a text.
them to organize a written text, giving its cause and effect,
or its different views. Text structure refers to organization of
3. Presenting the new lesson information in a passage.
ACTIVITY
1. Motivation Common Types of Text Structure:
Do We Match? Spatial or Description gives a reader a detailed feature that
Directions: Match the definition in column A to the term in Column B. creates a picture on his/her mind about a topic.
Write the letter of your answer in the answer sheet. Spatial organization is when information in a passage is
Column A Column B organized in order of space or location. Spatial organization can
___1. It is the meaning of the word “logic”. A. description also be called as descriptive writing. If you are about to describe
___2. It refers to the signal word for cause B. text structure how something looks, you are describing it spatially. It can also be
and effect. C. beginning-middle- used in fiction and non-fiction. Even if narration style of writing is
___3. It creates a picture in the mind of end usually arranged chronologically, if the author is describing a
the readers. D. order setting of a certain scene, the author is describing it spatially.
___4. It is the organization of text in a passage. E. due to Example: Volcanoes can be a source of fear and destruction.
___5. It is the basic structure of a story. Even though volcanoes are like pressure valve in the inner earth,
they are very beautiful sights. One of the parts of the volcanoes
Page 5 that cannot be seen all the time is its magma chamber. It is
beneath the earth’s bedrock and is very hot. Conduit is the one
that runs from the magma chamber to the crater, which can be
seen at the top of
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 3. Discussion of the Topic: (ABSTRACTION)
the volcano. The crater is where the magma exits. Volcanoes are very scenic yet very
dangerous. Identifying a text written using the cause and effect pattern of
organization can be tricky. Though stories are arranged
Cause and Effect presents the relationship between specific chronologically, Cause and Effect pattern is only organized by the
events, ideas, or concepts. time an event happened that has causal relationship. Contrarily,
Cause and effect is one way of organizing information in a text. It cause and effect passages usually focus on explaining the reason
explains reasons why something happened. It can be ordered as why something occurs or occurred.
cause to effect or vice versa. It is generally used in expository and These are the signal words that may indicate that information in
persuasive writing modes. It can be cause to effect wherein it a paragraph is organized as cause and effect: because, as a result,
explains why something happened and the effect of it. It can be also resulted, caused, affected, since, due to, effect.
effect to cause wherein it explains the result of things that
happened and its reasons. This structure is commonly used, most of
Comparison and Contrast gives the similarities and differences
the time writers do not notice that they use this kind of text
between two or more people, events, concepts, ideas, and the like.
structure.
Example: Many people think that they can acquire illness by
Comparison and Contrast is a text structure or pattern of
going into cold weather improperly dressed. However, illnesses are
organization that discusses similarities and differences. You should
not caused by temperature. They are caused by germs. So, trembling
bear in mind that this kind of structure should discuss both
outside in the cold probably won’t strengthen your immune system,
comparing (similarities) and contrasting (differences). If you will only
but you are more likely to acquire illness outdoors because you will
discuss comparing and not contrasting, it cannot be called as
greatly be exposed to germs. In the previous example, the paragraph
comparing and contrasting but comparing alone and vice versa.
explains how germs cause illnesses. The germs are the cause in the
This pattern is generally easy to recognize. Writer who is
paragraph and the illness is the effect.
comparing and contrasting will bounce back and forth between two
subjects. Here are some signal words that may indicate that the text
Here is another example of a paragraph that is written using the
is written using the compare and contrast organizational pattern:
cause and effect text structure:
like, unlike, both, neither, similar, and different
Another Example:
Example: Mangoes and durians are both fruits. They both have
Students are prohibited to chew gum in my class. While other
seeds inside of them. Each has a skin, but durian skins are thick and
students think that I am just being mean, I have a lot of good reasons
difficult to peel. Mango skins are thinner and peel easily. Durians
for this rule. First, there are some irresponsible students who can
have distinct stench while mangoes have sweet smell, but both fruits
make messes with their gums. Students may leave them on the
are delicious.
bottoms of desks, drop them on the floor, or put them on other
people’s property. Another reason why I don’t allow students to chew
gum is because it can be a source of distraction while listening,
reading, writing and learning. When they are allowed to chew gum, Page 8
students are more worried about having it, popping it, chewing it,
and snapping it. This is why I don’t allow students to chew gum in my
class.
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3. Discussion of the Topic: (ABSTRACTION)
Example: Bullying has been prevalent these days. These
encounters make it hard for children to develop confidence and high
Chronological Order
self-esteem. Fortunately, bullying has been noticed and is being
Chronological order explains a text by the time an event occurs.
addressed by many sectors of the community. However, these
Chrono means time and logic means order. The events occur along a
efforts are not enough. The most effective way to stop bullying is by
timeline even if the author uses flashbacks, or flash forwards. All
nurturing and inculcating good manners and right conduct within
stories are organized chronologically, therefore, every story has a
families.
beginning, middle, and end. Non-fiction stories organized
chronologically usually contain dates while fiction passages or
narratives usually have no dates. A narrative or story is a journey
through time, and all of the events are arranged in order of time. C. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES (Formative)
Stories require the passage of time. Sometimes, time will stop in a 1. ACTIVITY A: (Written Works / task)
narrative. Certain passages in a story may focus on describing Directions: Read the following statements. Write T if the statement
scenery or spaces, and use a descriptive or spatial method of is True and F if it is False. Write your answer in the answer sheet.
organization. The conflict of a story may be discussed in terms of ___1. Text structure is how information within a written text is
problem and solution or cause and effect, but the text in a story is organized.
still mainly organized chronologically. ___2. Comparing is all about differences.
Example: This morning was pretty crazy. I woke up really late ___3. Contrasting is all about similarities.
because of wrong setting of my alarm. It was set PM instead of AM. I ___4. Spatial is also called description.
just wore any clothes and ran out the door. I rode my bike as fast as I ___5.Cause and effect explains reasons why something happened or
could with the thought that I was going to be late for sure, but when I the effects of something.
got there everyone was outside and there were fire trucks all lined up ___6. Chronological comes from the words “chrono” and “logic”
in front of school. I guess somebody pulled the fire alarm before class ___7. Comparison and contrast is only about giving similarities.
started. It worked out though, because nobody really noticed or ___8. Chronological order is the arrangement of events beginning
minded that I was tardy. with a flashback.
___9. Description creates a picture in the mind of the readers.
Problem-Solution mentions a problem or problems, identifies ___10. Chronological order can only be used in fiction.
some possible solutions and discusses the effect of the solution.
Problem – Solution is a pattern of organization that explains a
problem or issue and an attempted solution in the issue. This type of
text is usually interchanged with cause and effect type of structure
but the only thing that they should remember is that cause and
effect text structure do not offer a solution. This mentions a problem
and then offers a solution plus the possible effect of a solution.
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2. ACTIVITY B : (Written Work / Task) 2. Chronological Order
Directions: Fill in the matrix with the needed information. Do it in
your answer sheet.
4.
Text Structure Definition Signal Words
1. 3.
2.
3.
2.
4.
5.
1.
Scoring Rubrics:
Title
5 points – correct spelling of 3 points – incorrect spelling of
text structure type of text structure
5 points – complete definition 3 points – incomplete definition
5 points – at least 5 signal 3 points – 1-4 signal words
words if there is any. C. INDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES:
3. ACTIVITY C
Directions: Think of any topic that you want and fill out the given Directions: Among the types of text structure that you have
graphic organizers with the correct information based on the kind learned, choose one structure and write an academic text about
of text structure. Do it in your answer sheet. modular learning that you are experiencing today. Write your
1. Comparison and Contrast answer in the answer sheet.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Topic ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Similarities Differences ____________________________________________________________________
1. ____________________________________________________________________
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. 2.
3. 3.
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(RUBRICS) E. REFLECTION:
Clarity 5 points – the 3 points – the 1 point – the type Write a five-sentence academic text about the COVID-19. You may use
type of text type of text of text structure any text structure to discuss your thoughts about the topic. Do it in your
structure is clear structure is is difficult to answer sheet.
and can be easily somewhat vague understand. ___________________________________________________________________________
understood and somewhat
___________________________________________________________________________
hard to
___________________________________________________________________________
understand.
___________________________________________________________________________
Organization 5 points – the text 3 points – the text 1 point – all the
________________________________________
is well organized is not organized parts of the text
and the parts of that the parts are are not organized V. ASSESSMENT (Post Test)
the text can be not in the correct well.
distinguished. order Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in
Mechanics 5 points – there 3 points – have at 1point – more the answer sheet.
are no grammar least 2-3 grammar than 4 incorrect
mistakes, no mistakes, spelling and _______ 1. This type of text structure features a detailed description of someone or
incorrect spelling incorrect spelling, punctuations. something to give the reader a mental picture.
of words, and all and punctuations. a. cause and effect
punctuations are b. spatial/description
correct. c. problem – solution
_______ 2. The following are signal words for comparing EXCEPT:
a. both
b. but
c. similarly
_______ 3. The following are signal words for contrasting EXCEPT:
a. similarly
b. but
c. unlike
_______ 4. The following are signal words for chronological order EXCEPT:
a. first, second, third…
b. begin, next, last…
c. like, unlike, both…
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_______ 5. This structure presents the causal relationship between a Enrichment Activities
specific event, idea, or concept.
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. problem – Directions: Search for two sample paragraphs for the text
solution structure of your choice. Identify the main idea and underline signal
_______ 6. This type of text examines the similarities and differences words that you have found in each paragraph. Write your answers
between two or more people, concepts, ideas, etc. in the answer sheet.
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. comparison and Paragraph 1: ______________________________
contrast
_______ 7. This type of text structure is highly dependent on time of ______________________________________________________________
occurrence. ______________________________________________________________
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. chronological
______________________________________________________________
order
_______ 8. This type of structure sets up a problem or problems,
______________________________________________________________
explains solutions and then discussed the effects of the solution. ______________________________________________________________
A. cause and effect B. spatial/description C. problem – solution ______________________________________________________________
_______ 9. It is organized by the time an event occurred. ______________________________________________________________
A. chronological order B. spatial/description C. problem – solution
_______ 10. It is how information is organized in a passage. Paragraph 2: ______________________________
A. descriptive structure B. academic structure C. text structure
_______ 11. What kind of description should be used in describing ____________________________________________________________________
specific events, persons or places in spatial/description text structure? ____________________________________________________________________
A. vague B. vivid C. non realistic ____________________________________________________________________
_______ 12. This word means “order”. ____________________________________________________________________
A. chrono B. logic C. chronology ____________________________________________________________________
_______ 13 This word means “time”. ____________________________________________________________________
A. chrono B. logic C. chronology ____________________________________________________________________
_______ 14. The following words can be used as signal word in cause
and effect text structure EXCEPT:
A. due to B. because C. meanwhile
REFERENCES:
_______ 15. It is the basic pattern of a story. “Cause and Effect Text Structure.” E Reading Worksheet, Accessed
A. end-middle-beginning B. beginning-middle-end C. middle- July 28, 2020. https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
beginning-end structure/patterns-of organization/cause-and-effect/)
“Chronological Order Text Structure.” E Reading Worksheet,
Accessed July 28, 2020. https://www.ereadingworksheets.com/text-
structure/patterns-oforganization/chronological-order/)
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