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Tribes of India
Dr. BS Guha's racial groups in the Indian subcontinent:
Negritos:
Early settlers in Kerala and Andaman Islands.
Traits: Dark skin, woolly hair.
Proto-Australoids:
Settled in Rajmahal hills to Aravallis.
Linked to Indus Valley Civilization.
Traits: Coarse, straight hair.
Mongoloids:
Migrated from Mongolia to Himalayan regions.
Traits: Pale skin, short stature, half-open eyes.
Includes Paleo-Mongoloids and Tibeto-Mongoloids.
Mediterranean:
Origin: Southeast Asia.
Linked to Indus Valley Civilization.
Found in Pakistan, Punjab, Sindh, Rajasthan, Western UP.
Brachycephalics:
Includes Alpinoids, Dinarics, Armenoids.
Traits: Broad heads, varied skin tones.
Found in Gujarat, Bengal, Karnataka, Bombay.
Nordics:
Origin: Taiga and Baltic regions.
Found in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Jammu.
Traits: Fair skin, long heads, sharp noses. Do not Memorize
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•Scheduled Tribes (STs) account for 8.6% of India's population, according to the 2011 Census. The Draft
National Tribal Policy of 2006 identifies 698 STs in the country.
•Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), among the most vulnerable tribal communities, are
predominantly found in Odisha, with the state hosting the highest number among the 75 listed PVTGs.
•Bhil constitutes the largest tribal group in India, making up 38% of the total scheduled tribal
population, followed by the Gonds.
•Madhya Pradesh has the largest tribal population in India, as per the 2011 Census.
•The Santhal tribe is considered the oldest in India, with a governance system called Manjhi-Paragana
resembling local self-governance.
•Inhabitants of Lakshadweep, provided both parents were born in the islands, are categorized as STs
under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes list (modification orders) of 1956.
•Article 342 of the Constitution outlines the procedure for specifying Scheduled Tribes, while Article
275 empowers the Union Government to allocate special funds to State Governments for the welfare
and administration of Scheduled Tribes.
•The literacy rate in India stands at 74.04% as per the 2011 Census, while among Scheduled Tribes, it is 59%.
•State-wise, Mizoram leads with the highest literacy rate among Scheduled Tribes at 91.7%, while Andhra
Pradesh has the lowest at 49.2%.
•Among Union Territories, Lakshadweep boasts the highest literacy rate among Scheduled Tribes at 91.7%.
•States and Union Territories with the highest ratio of Scheduled Tribes, as per the 2011 Census:
Lakshadweep (94.8%) > Mizoram (94.4%) > Nagaland (86.5%) > Meghalaya (86.1%) > Arunachal Pradesh
(68.8%).
•States and Union Territories with the lowest ratio of Scheduled Tribes, as per the 2011 Census: Uttar
Pradesh (0.6%) < Tamil Nadu (1.1%) < Bihar (1.3%) < Kerala (1.5%) < Uttarakhand (2.9%) (Punjab, Haryana,
Chandigarh, Delhi, and Puducherry have no Scheduled Tribes population).
•States with the maximum tribal population as per the 2011 Census: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Odisha, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.
•The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) is a constitutional body established through the
Constitution (89th Amendment) Act, 2003.
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State Tribes
Andh, Sadhu Andh, Bhil, Bhaghata, Dhulia, Kolam, Gond,
Andhra Thoti, Goundu, Kammara, Savaras, Dabba Yerukula, Sugalis,
Pradesh Nakkala, Pardhan, Gadabas, Chenchus, Kattunayakan,
Jatapus, Manna Dhora
Arunachal
Singpho, Monpa, Abor, Sherdukpen, Galo, Apatanis
Pradesh
Assam Khasis, Chakma, Dimasa, Gangte, Garos, Hajong, Chutiya
Gond, Birjia, Asur, Savar, Parhaiya, Chero, Birhor, Santhals,
Bihar
Baiga
Chhattisgarh Nagasia, Biar, Khond, Agariya, Bhattra, Mawasi, Bhaina
Goa Varli, Dubia, Siddi, Dhodia, Naikda
Gujarat Patelia, Bhil, Dhodia, Bamcha, Barda, Paradhi, Charan, Gamta
Himachal
Swangal, Gujjars, Lahaulas, Khas, Pangwala, Lamba, Gaddis
Pradesh
Jammu and
Balti, Garra, Sippi, Bakarwal, Mon, Gaddi, Purigpa, Bakarwal
Kashmir
Jharkhand Gonds, Birhors, Savar, Mundas, Santhals, Khaira, Bhumij
Karnataka Gond, Patelia, Barda, Yerava, Bhil, Koraga, Adiyan, Iruliga
Kerala Malai, Aarayan, Arandan, Uralis, Kurumbas, Eranvallan
Madhya Kharia, Bhils, Murias, Birhors, Baigas, Katkari, Kol, Bharia,
Pradesh Khond, Gonds
Maharashtra Warlis, Khond, Bhaina, Katkari, Bhunjia, Rathawa, Dhodia
Thadou, Aimol, Maram, Paite, Chiru, Purum, Kuki, Monsang,
Manipur
Angami
Meghalaya Pawai, Chakma, Raba, Hajong, Lakher, Garos, Jaintias, Khasis
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Mizoram Dimasa, Raba, Chakma, Lakher, Khasi, Synteng, Kuki, Pawai
Nagaland Nagas, Angami, Sema, Garo, Kuki, Kachari, Mikir
Gadaba, Ghara, Kharia, Khond, Matya, Oraons, Rajuar,
Odisha
Santhals
Rajasthan Bhils, Damaria, Dhanka, Meenas, Patelia, Sahariya
Sikkim Bhutia, Khas, Lepchas
Adiyan, Aranadan, Eravallan, Irular, Kadar, Kanikar, Kotas,
Tamil Nadu
Todas
Telangana Chenchus
Bhil, Bhutia, Chaimal, Chakma, Halam, Khasia, Lushai,
Tripura
Mizel, Namte
Uttarakhand Bhotias, Buksa, Jannsari, Khas, Raji, Tharu
Uttar Pradesh Bhotia, Buksa, Jaunsari, Kol, Raji, Tharu
Asur, Khond, Hajong, Ho, Parhaiya, Rabha, Santhals,
West Bengal
Savar
Andaman and
Oraons, Onges, Sentinelese, Shompens
Nicobar
Little Andaman Jarawa
North-East Abhors, Chang, Galaong, Mishimi, Singpho, Wancho
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