0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 69 views 12 pages Class 9 Science Motion Notes PDF
The document discusses various concepts related to motion, including position, distance, displacement, uniform and non-uniform motion, and acceleration. It explains the differences between scalar and vector quantities, provides examples of calculating distance and displacement, and introduces graphical representations of motion such as distance-time and velocity-time graphs. Additionally, it covers the classification of motion and acceleration, along with practical examples and problems to illustrate these concepts.
AI-enhanced title and description
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content,
claim it here .
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
Go to previous items Go to next items
Save Class 9 science motion notes PDF For Later 7.4 Various Terms Related to Motion
Position
‘The Ineatiam of an ebypect with respect ta particular pot
ts kvown asthe atthe object. The particular potit
Pasition of the objec.
aia which the putin ofthe objet fs delied Is calle
refvrence point ov origin,
“Scalar and Vector Quantities
| +A ppscal quantny whic ay nly magmstte,
te. number isle scalar quantity, ey, max. tite,
| tance spo
+ Appeal quantity hue as agua os well ae
rection incall vector quantity.
Distance time graph for uniform motion
154 Aillliwone science sth
incronet clea tain eal i
Fron the Pst 2 90 the
objet core gine
fapeed To calculate the
sme graph, choose any
sht line. From points 4
jculars AB and BC respectively, pe
alee siwenclat AD on BC.
The dita
given bY Bc-CD =4)-5, _
abject 10 cOVEr this distangy
the
‘pime taken ey ty =f)
speed, v= Axio =(6, ~My —h)
He ‘axiOt - Slope of distance-time graph,
ie
W) pistance-Time Graph for Non-unj
distances in er
travels unequal equal
tase a
ime,
notion. 4
on-uniform motion is of 90 {Yes such ag
the speed of the body inc
at diane ta
‘vith positive slope as shown below
Distance time graph for non-unitorm,
Interpretation
From the graph, it is clear that in equal i
two seconds, the body is covering unequal
this distance goes on increasing. That means,
passage of time, the body is covering more
distance in equal time, ie. the speed of the
increasing. TT ——
2. Velocity-Time Graph
Velocity-time graph shows how the velocity of a body
Changes with passage of time. The slope of velocty-time
raph gives the acceleration.
To draw velocity-time graph, velocity of the body is plotted
sont Y-axis and the time taken by the body is plotted along
Nani
{The area under velocity-time graph gives displacement.
Velocity-time graphs under various conditions are
explained as below
(i) Velocity-Time Graph for a Body Moving with
Constant Velocity
When a body mos
‘uniform, then its
ts motion is
s with constant velocity,
rity does not change with time
Tine (0)
Interpretation
From the graph, itis clear that with the passage of time, there
sno change in the velocity, ic, the body is moving with
constant velocity.
Calculation of distance or magnitude of displacement
Let us calculate the distance or magnitude of the
displacement of a body between time, and time,
Draw perpendiculars AC and BD from the points
corresponding to times, and times, on the graph.
Now, AD = BC
= velocity of the body
CD=(t, -
Thus, AD x CD
Also, AD x CD = velocity x time
= distance or magnitude of displacement
‘Thus, magnitude of displacement
=area under velocity-time graph
area of rectangle ABCD
156 — Allwane Science sth
Time Graph for Uniformly
i Neleferated Motion
In uniformly accelerated motion, the vel
aqua amount in equal interval of ime, In thi gy 8
velocity-time graph is a straight line passing Uhrough |
origin
Interpretation
‘The natute ofthe graph shows that velocity changes,
‘equal amounts in equal intervals of time, In equal
of time, Le. 10 5, the change in velocity is 18 m/s,
remains s
constant. Thus, for all uniformly accelerated motion,
velocity-time graph is a straight line.
Calculation of distance or magnitude of displacer
‘To determine the distance moved by the car from ity
velocity-time graph. .
TThe area under the velocity-time graph gives the digi
(magnitude of displacement) moved by the car in a
interval of time
Therefore, S = Area of ABCDE
= Area of the rectangle ABCD
(iii) Velocity-Time Graph for Non-uniformly
Accelerated Motion
In non-uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time
graphs can have any shape.
Ifthe velocity changes non-uniformly, the velocity
graph is a curve having increasing or decreasing slope. ve
- graph for non-unifor
et oe p! niformly accelerated motion
pe clove
en ION
of
Time (s) —+
Sol. (i) Velocity-time graph
for the motion of the body is
fed by the body after 25
sys that the velocity of a body (or object) va (ii) As we know, the distance m«
1. ormly with time st) vaste wares OARC! =2x2=4m
4, The velocity-time graph ‘Again distance covered by the body after 12.8
ynple of an ascendin,
lift is shown in figure bel : = Area OAED + Area of ABEF y
aes os + Area of DHGI-+ Area of AFHG
1 1
arn tordnsxB+6x 2 +2%2x4
e 2 2
aes | =20+ 204 12+4=56m
Tn
patisthe acceleration of the it
iy drng the first two seconds?
jnetween 2nd and 10th second?
i auingte last two seconds?
w
case | From given graph, we b
sat () € given graph, we have
sor Change in velocity, A
1 I the distance-time graph of a particle is parallel to time
then how much Is the velocity of the particle?
The timo-distance graph of cyclist Is shown in the figure
below
Pe
Distance (ken) —>
tesa etek
Time, \ re 6a)
Acceleration, From the graph, find out average speed in the whole
a journey. (Ans. 8 kin/b)
(a) CaseTT Change in velocity, Av=4.6~ 4 fe
2 Give one similarity and one dissimilarity between the two
mis, graphs:
Time, At 34 ¥ 4
| a
«Acceleration, = 97 =9° =0075 mis? q é Le
(i) Case I] Change in velocity, Av =0 46 q i
—lomis, 2 -
‘Time, At= 2 oe ime” rf ome (8
Acceleration, a, =——~ -2.3m/s? 4 The value of acceleration in the following graph is
Negative sign shows retardation,
Example 10. A body moves with a velocity of 2 m/s for
5s then its velocity increases uniformly to 10 m/s in next
65 There after, its velocity begins to decrease at a
Uniform rate until it comes to rest after 5 s.
{) Piota velocity-time graph for the motion of the body.
(i) From the graph, find the total distance covered by the
body after 2s and 12's.
ol
8
Veloct
OW m0 40 ©
Time (s) —
[Ans ~125m/s5, negative sign for rtardatior
Chapter 07: Motion 15 ® Given graphs represent the motion of two abjects P and @
hich of the objects has positive acceleration and which
One has negative acceleration?
15
Velociy (mvs)
Ou
© Velocity-time graphs of two objects P and Q are as given
below
ol : :
Time Time (6)
(i) Object Q starts trom rest.
(a) Tue (0) False
(ii) Object Q has more velocity after 5s.
(a)True (b) False
75 Equations of Motion
Relation between velocity of the body, acceleration of the
body and the distance travelled by the body in a particular
time interval is known as equation of motion.
‘The three equations of motion are as given below
Lveutat
2, seut+tar?
2
3. v? -u? =2as
where, « is the initial velocity of the body, a is the uniform
acceleration of the body, vis the final velocity of the body
afier £ second and s is the distance travelled in this time.
‘ample 4. The brakes applied to a car produces an
jeceleration of 4 m/s” in the opposite direction to the
motion. If the car takes 3 s to stop after the application of
brakes, calculate the distance it travels during this time.
158 Allin one Science 9th
n, inal velocity, =O, Time,t= 3s,
Sol. «
‘Acceleration, =A mis? i
rom first equation of motion, ¥ =" + at i
Substituting given values, we get
Ou (Ax 3
> w=l2mis
Prom second equation of motion, s=ut +
(2)«) + ED"
1
ar
sm
36-18
Thus, car covers the distance during time,t=35 4,
Example 12. A motorbike accolerates uniform jg,
54 km/h to 72 km/h in 2s. Calculate
(i) the acceleration and
covered by the motorbike in tha ting
(il) the distance
clocity,u=54 km/h =54% > =15 myy
velocity, =54 ki its
Sol, (i) In
kan/h =72 zt 20 mis
Final velocity, v=72 km/h =72x 5 =20 mis
From the first equation of motion,
veutat
r-u_ 20-15
ante
5 :
celeration of motorbike,a = =25 mis
(ii) The distance covered by the motorbike
1 1
sout+ at? 15244 .(2.5)x
fs 2 2 y
3045=35m
tion of the motorbike is 2.5 m/s” and the
The acce
distance covered is 35 m.
Example 13. A train starting from rest attains a
velocity of 90 km/h in 3 min. Assuming that the
acceleration is uniform, find
(i) the acceleration and
(ii) the distance travelled by the train for attaining this
velocity.
Sol. Given, final velocity, v =90 km/h =90%5 /18 =25 mis
Initial velocity, u=0, Time, =3 min = 360 =180 s
(i) Acceleration. =?
a=(v-u)/t {from first equation of motion}
a= (25~0)/180= 5/ 36 m/s?
(ii) From the third equation of motion,
(25)
2x5 /36
ws04
Distance, s uniform Circular Motion
moves in a circular path with
objec mie uniform
jue tyen ts motion i called uniform crelgy
Ti be
Fate object moves along a circular pa
Fhe of motion Keeps changing eae
seaity changes due to continuous change
seq and thus motion along a crear ney
sie accelerated path is
«body takes one round of a circula a
_ shea eavels a distance equal to its eee
et ar, wheter i the radius ofthe creak”
pa eed ofthe body movin
«Then Ti, where is the time tal
path and ris constant
8 in a circula
path,
me ken for one round of
ee having value 22/7
“eafthe examples of uniform circular motion are
* piece of stone tied to a thread a
Grcle with a uniform speed.
4 The motion of blades of an electric fan around
im the axle.
ind rotated in a
{u) The motion of the moon and the earth
iy) satelite ina citcular orbit around the earth,
(a) Acar moves on a circular path with constant
speed.
sample 14. The minute hand of a wal clock is
{oem ong. Find its displacement and the distance
ered from 10:00 am to 40:30 am,
Given, Jength of the minute hand,1 =10.cm
diameter = AOB =21 =20em
Total distance covered by the minute hand
=ACB=al
=? 10cm = 3143
‘The displacement of the minute hand is 20cm and distance is
31.43 cm
ao
1A body is moving with a velocity of 10 m/s. If it starts
accelerating with the rate of 2.5 m/s”, Find out its velocity
after 10s,
2 Fillin the blank
Ifa car travels 50 m distance in 4 s with a acceleration of
5 m/s? then its initial speed is m/s. u
A cyclist is moving with a speed of 14 m/s. He starts
accelerating with a rate of 6 m/s? and acquires the speet
18 m/s. Calculate, what distance did he move in acauilrir
speed? (Ans,
Ifthe acceleration of the particle is constant in magnitut
rot in direction, then what type of path does the particle
follow?
Ans.
Chapter 07 ;
