Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

STEERING SYSTEM
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Steering System Description

1.Outline Rack-and-pinion type with power steering

Steering wheel

Steering column
Steering linkage

Steering gear

Recirculating-ball type

Steering gear

Steering linkage

Reference: 4WS (4 Wheel Steering) (1/1)

Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Steering System Description

2.Requirements of steering Rack-and-pinion type with power steering

system

Steering wheel

Steering column
Steering linkage

Steering gear

Recirculating-ball type

Steering gear

Steering linkage

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Driving Position Adjustment Tilt Steering Mechanism

1.Description

Fulcrum

Upper fulcrum type

Rotor

Fulcrum

Lower fulcrum type

(1/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Driving Position Adjustment Telescopic Mechanism

1.Description

(1/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Manual Steering Description

Rack-and-pinion type

Recirculating-ball type
Steel balls Steering pinion
Ball nut
Steering rack

Worm shaft
Rack end

Sector shaft

Pitman arm

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Manual Steering Rack-and-pinion Type

1.Construction/
2.Features

Compression spring
Adjusting screw
Upper bearing
Tilt down
Steering pinion
Adjusting screw
Lower bearing
Rack guide
Steering rack

Steering rack housing

Rack guide Bushing Steering rack end
Tie rod

to
Knuckle arm
Steering rack Steering pinion Band Rack boot

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Manual Steering Recirculating-ball Type

1.Construction/
2.Features Angular contact
Angular contact
ball bearing Worm shaft Ball nut
bearing

Adjusting screw
Ball

Gear housing Sector shaft

Backlash

Turning angle
5° 5° of sector shaft

Straight ahead position

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Steering Linkage Description

1.Construction/
Rack-and-pinion type
2.Features
(2) Tie rod end

Gear housing
(1) Tie rod

(3) Knuckle arm

Power cylinder

Recirculating-ball type

(3) Knuckle arm Steering gear Steering gear

(3) Knuckle arm
(4) Pitman arm
(1) Tie rod
(1) Tie rod
(7) Idler arm
(2) Tie rod end
(8) Drag link
(1) Tie rod Relay rod
(4) Pitman arm
(adjusting tube)
(1) Tie rod (2) Tie rod end
(3) Steering knuckle

(Independent type) (Rigid-axle type)

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Description

1.Description/
2.Type of power
steering
EPS ECU

Reservoir tank

DC motor

Control valve Torque sensor

Gear housing

Vane pump

Power cylinder

Hydraulic type power steering Electric type power steering

(1/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Description

3.Operation of
hydraulic power
steering
Steering wheel
Engine

Reservoir tank Control valve

Vane pump

Power Power
piston cylinder

Left turn Right turn

(2/2)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Description

Steering wheel
Engine

Reservoir tank Control valve

Vane pump

Power Power
piston cylinder

Left turn Right turn

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

1.Description/
2.Construction
Reservoir tank

Flow control valve

Pump body

Idle-up device

Reference: EHPS (Electric Hydraulic Power Steering) (1/5)

Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

3.Operation Suction
Rotor shaft

Vane plate

Discharge
Discharge

Rotor Cam ring

Suction
from Reservoir
Rear plate
Rotor

Flow control valve

Vane plate Cam ring
Vane plate
Rotor

Cam ring

Rear plate Orifice to Gear housing

(3/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

Flow
control valve to Pump from Pump Spring “B”
suction side discharge side

to Gear
housing

Control spool
Spring”A” Relief valve

Speed-sensing type flow control valve

Constant flow volume type

/min
Flow volume

4
2 Speed-sensing type

0 1 2 3 4 5103
Engine speed

(This graph shows the no-load flow volume.)

(4/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

Flow
control valve to Pump from Pump
suction side discharge side

to Gear
housing
P2 P1

Tension spring “A” Control spool

Control spool
Orifice

P1

P2

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

to Pump from Pump

suction side discharge side

P1 to Gear
housing
P2

Control spool Tension spring “B”

Control spool Orifice

P1

P2

Tension spring “B”

Spool movement

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

to Pump from Pump

suction side discharge side

P1 to Gear
housing
P2

Relief valve Control spool

Control spool Orifice

P2

Spool movement

(5/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

Flow control
from Pump from Pump
valve
discharge side discharge side

to Gear
housing

Relief valve

(5/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Vane Pump

Intake manifold

Air cleaner

Air control valve

Gear housing
Vane pump

(2/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

1.Description

Control valve shaft

to Reservoir

from Vane
pump

Seal ring
Seal ring
Seal ring

Rack Piston

Cylinder left chamber Cylinder right chamber

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

2.Type of control
valve

Torsion bar
Sleeve valve
Warm shaft
Flapper No.1 Rotary valve
Flapper No.2
Spool valve

Pinion
Rack

Torsion bar
Cylinder from to
Pump Reservoir
Piston
Sector shaft

Flapper valve type Rotary valve type Spool valve type

Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

3.Construction

A-A’
Torsion bar Torsion bar
Control valve housing
Control valve shaft Control
valve shaft
Rotary valve
Return port Sleeve “B”
Rotary valve
to Pump Sleeve “A”
reservoir
B-B’
to Cylinder Torsion bar
from Vane right chamber
pump A A

Inlet port B B to Cylinder left

chamber Rotary valve
Sleeve “C”
Fixed pin Pinion Stopper (pinion) Control valve shaft

Rotary valve type

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

4.Operation
Rotary valve
Control valve shaft

Orifice X
Orifice X’

Orifice Y’
Orifice Y
from Pump to cylinder chamber
from cylinder chamber to reservoir

Vane pump

Orifice Y Orifice X’
(closed) (opened)

Orifice Y’
Orifice X
(opened)
(closed)
Reservoir

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

to Pump reservoir from Vane pump

Sleeve “A”
Chamber “D”
Port “A”
Sleeve “C”
Port “C”

Sleeve “B”
Port “B”

Chamber
Port “A” “C”

Port “D”

Chamber “D”
Port “B”
Sleeve “B”
Port “A”
to Cylinder right
Port “D” chamber
to Cylinder left
Port “C” chamber
Sleeve “A”
Sleeve “C”

(5/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

to Pump reservoir from Vane pump

Port “A”
Chamber “D” Port “B”
Port “B” Sleeve “B”
Port “D”
Port “C”

Sleeve “C”

Chamber “D”

Sleeve “B” X
Port “C” Orifice X’
Y Orifice Y’
Port “D”
Port “A”
Sleeve “C”

(5/5)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering Gear Housing

to Pump reservoir from Vane pump

Port “C”
Port “A”
Chamber “D” Port “B”
Port “B”
Sleeve “B”

Port “D”

Sleeve “C”

Chamber “D”

Sleeve “B” X
Port “A” Orifice X’ Orifice Y’
Port “C” Y

Port “D”
Sleeve “C”

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Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

New PPS New PPS

1.Description/
Light Heavy
2.Operation Speed
sensor
Pump

ECU ECU
Control
valve
Solenoid valve
shaft

Hydraulic reaction chamber Plunger

Reservoir
At high speeds
At low speeds

Cross section A-A’

Reservoir

A A’
Orifice

B B’
Vane pump

Flow dividing
Plungers
ECU valve
Solenoid Rack
Speed valve Hydraulic Cross section B-B’
sensor Pinion
reaction
chamber
System diagram

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

EPS EPS

1.Description

(7) Combination meter

(Warning light)

(1) EPS ECU

(3) DC Motor
(4) Reduction
(2) Torque sensor mechanism

(8) Relay

(5) ABS Actuator (6) Engine ECU

and ABS ECU

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

EPS EPS

2. Construction &
Operation
(7) Combination meter
(Warning light)

(1) EPS ECU

(3) DC Motor
(4) Reduction
(2) Torque sensor mechanism

(8) Relay

(5) ABS Actuator (6) Engine ECU

and ABS ECU

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

EPS EPS

(7) Combination meter

(Warning light)

(1) EPS ECU

(3) DC Motor
(4) Reduction
(2) Torque sensor mechanism

(8) Relay

(5) ABS Actuator (6) Engine ECU

and ABS ECU

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

EPS EPS

Steering main shaft from Steering shaft

Torque sensor
Detection ring 1 Input axis

Compensation
coil
Steering wheel
Detection ring 2
Deceleration mechanism
Detection coil
Detection ring 3

Output axis
Voltage

to Steering gear
Neutral position
during straightline
driving
Torque
[Nm]
Left turn Assist torque and Right turn
rotation direction

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

EPS EPS

Column
housing
Joint
Worm gear

Bearings

Rotor

Stator
Motor shaft
Wheel gear

Steering main shaft

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Steering System 4WS (4 Wheel Steering)

Opposite direction at low speed Same direction at high speed

1’

1

2 2’

(1/1)
Diagnosis Technician >> Suspension and Steering >> Steering System

Power Steering EHPS (Electric Hydraulic Power Steering)

Reservoir tank

Power steering
ECU

Vane pump with motor

(1/6)