BIRLA PUBLIC SCHOOL-2024-25

Grade 10-Geography

Lesson: Resources- MCQ & Assertion and Reason

1. Resource planning is essential for all forms of life existence of

(a) ecological balance

(b) exploitation
(c) sustainable
(d) none of these

2. Where was the first international Earth Summit held?

(a) Rio de Janeiro

(b) Geneva
(c) Switzerland
(d) Philippines

3.Which state among the North-Eastern states has been fully surveyed for its land
use?

(a) Arunachal Pradesh

(b) Manipur
(c) Tripura
(d) Assam

4. Which of the following is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life?

(a) Resource planning

(b) Resource management
(c) Resource Extraction
(d) Resource generation

5. Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation

(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing

6. Which one of the following is an example of Cultivable Wasteland?

(a) Gross cropped Area

(b) Uncultivable Land
(c) Barren Wasteland
(d) Current fallow Land

7. Find the correct statement:

(a) Khadar is a type of laterite soil

(b) Mountain soil is also known as black cotton soil
(c) Laterite soil is found in eastern coastal side
(d) Red soil develops in crystalline igneous rocks.

8. Which one of the following methods is used to break up the force of wind?

(a) Shelter belt

(b) Strip cropping
(c) Contour ploughing
(d)Terrace farming

9. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is called:
(a) culturable wasteland
(b) current fallow land
(c) wasteland
(d) barren land

10.Which of the following is not a measure for soil conservation?

(a) strip cropping

(b) terrace cultivation
(c) shelter belts
(d)Overdrawing of ground water

11. Ploughing along the contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down the
slopes is called:

(a) Strip cropping (b) Sheet erosion

(c) Contour ploughing (d) Terrace cultivation

12. Identify the soil with the help of clues given below -

 Develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall

 It is low in humus content
 Found in the hilly areas of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(a) Forest soil (b) Yellow soil (c) Black soil (d) Laterite soil

13. Which one of the following human activities has contributed most in land
degradation?
(a) Deforestation (b) Overgrazing
(c) Mining (d) Over-irrigation

ASSERTION – REASON QUESTIONS

The following questions consist of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason
(R). Answer then questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is correct but R is wrong.
(d) A is wrong but R is correct

1. Assertion(A): Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help solve land
degradation to some extent.

Reason (R): Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on overgrazing, stabilization of

sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land
degradation in arid areas.
Ans (a)

2. Assertion(A): Alluvial soils as a whole are very fertile.

Reason (R): Mostly these soils contain an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric
acid and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat and other
cereal and pulse crops.
Ans (a)

3. Assertion(A): The black soils are made up of extremely fine i.e. clayey material.

Reason (R): They are well known for their capacity to hold dryness.
Ans (c)

4. Assertion(A): Arid soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall
in the eastern and southern parts of the Deccan plateau.

Reason (R): Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh,
southern parts of the middle Ganga plain and along the piedmont zone of the Western
Ghats.
Ans (d)

5. Assertion(A): Forest soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas where
sufficient rain forests are available.

Reason (R): The Forest soil develops under tropical and subtropical climate with
alternate wet and dry seasons.
Ans (c)
6. Assertion (A):: Alluvial soil is ideal for growth of paddy, wheat, cereal and pulse
crops.
Reason (R): Alluvial soil is well-known for is capacity to hold moisture.
Ans: (c)

7. Assertion(A): The availability of resources is not the only necessary for development
of any region
Reason (R): Not only availability of resources but also corresponding change in
technology is necessary for development of any region.
Ans: (a)

8. Assertion(A): Resources are free gifts of nature.

Reason (R): Resources like soil, air, water are easily available in nature.
Ans: (d)

9. Assertion(A): Land is a natural resource of utmost importance.

Reason (R): Land can be used for various purposes.
Ans: (a)
10 Assertion(A): Resource planning is an easy process in India

Reason (R): Resource planning involves planning structure, identification and

inventory of resource across the regions.
Ans: (d)

11. Assertion(A): Soil is the most important renewable natural resource

Reason (R): Soil supports different types of living organisms on earth.
Ans: (a)

12. Assertion(A): Processes of soil formation and erosion goes simultaneously and
creates a balance between the two.
Reason (R): The denudation of the soil coves and subsequent washing down is soil
erosion
Ans: (c)

13.Assertion(A): Arid soil is unsuitable for cultivation.

Reason (R): Arid soil is generally sandy in texture and saline in nature. It restricts the
filtration of water.
Ans: (c)

14. Assertion(A): Controlling on mining activities doesn't control land degradation.

Reason (R): In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, deforestation has
occurred due to overgrowing not mining
Ans: (d)

15. Assertion(A): Terrace cultivation does not restrict erosion

Reason (R): Running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as
gullies. This helps to cultivate crops.
Ans: (d)

Very Short answers: 2 marks

1. How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?
Ans: The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement factory is
responsible for land degradation.
2. How are mining activities responsible for land degradation in Jharkhand?
The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry is responsible
for degradation
(i) Mining activities caused deep scars and traces of overburdening. [
(ⅱ) Deforestation leads to land degradation.

3. What is the role of human beings in the development of a resource?

Ans: Human beings transform material available in our environment into resources
and use them.
4. Read the following features of a soil and name the related soil:
o Develops in high rainfall areas
o Humus content is low.
o Intense leaching process take place
Ans: Laterite soil

6. How is overgrazing responsible for land degradation in Gujarat?

Or
How does over irrigation lead to land degradation?

Ans: Over irrigation leads to water logging that increases salinity and alkalinity
in the soil that results in land degradation.
It leads to deforestation and then soil erosion

Short Answer-3 Marks

1. Explain any three factors responsible for the formation of soil

Ans: Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It supports many kind
of living organisms and it is a medium of plant growth. It takes millions of years to
form soil. It is a living system.
Soil is formed through various factors like:

(a) Relief, bed rock, climate, vegetation, and many forms of life and time are
important factors in the soil formation.
 (b) Various forces of nature e.g. change in temperature, action of running water,
glaciers, wind and the activity of decomposers help in the formation of soil.

(c) Chemical and organic changes taking place in soil are equally important.

2. Why do we need resource planning?

 Planning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources.
Reasons for resource planning:
 Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country.
 Resources, especially non-renewable resources, need extra care as they
cannot be renewed.
 There is acute shortage or deficiency of some resources.
 Resource planning helps in proper utilisation of resources by reducing
wastage.
 It takes care of future needs and may sustain the environment.

3. Distinguish between Khadar and Bangar. Name any two states where
alluvial soils are found.
Or
Classify alluvial soil on the basis of age and differentiate between them.
Khadar Bangar
It is new alluvial soil It is an old alluvial soil
It is more fertile It is less fertile
It is found near the banks of rivers It is found farther away from the rivers
It has fine particles. It has kanker nodules in it.

4. Describe the different steps of 'resource planning.

The following are the steps involved in resource planning:

(a) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country.
Surveying, mapping and measurement of characteristics and properties of
resources.
(b) Examining resources with respect to technology, economy and need.
(c) Matching the resource development plans with overall national development
plans.

5. Describe the importance of an equitable distribution of resources in the

society.
Importance of equitable distribution of resources:
(i) For a sustained quality of life.
(ii) To eliminate the difference between rich and poor in the society
(iii)To reduce poverty
 (iv) To maintain Global Peace.
(v) To prevent our planet from danger.

Long Answer: 5 Marks

1. Indiscriminate use of resources has led to numerous problems. Justify the

statement.
Indiscriminate use of resources by human beings has led to economic, social and
ecological problems. The major problems that have arisen due to over
exploitation, irrational consumption and indiscriminate use of resources are:
(a) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few selfish individuals.
(b) Accumulation of resources in a few hands, which in turn, has led to social
segregation into rich and poor. The society is divided into two segments, i.e.,
the haves and the have-nots.
(c) Indiscriminate and uncontrolled exploitation of resources without
consideration for the future has led to grave ecological problems like global
warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.

2. "Consequences of Environmental degradation do not respect national or

state boundaries”. Justify the statement.
(i) The increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting in degradation
of the environment cannot be overlooked.
(ii) Pollution of river waters affects all as most of the rivers pass through different
states.
(iii) Air pollution caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases
Adversely affects human health and atmosphere as a whole.
(iv) Thermal pollution of river water affects the aquatic life irrespective of state
and national boundaries.

3. "Resource planning has its importance in a country like India." Justify the
statement with the help of suitable examples.
Ans: (a) India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources like forests,
soil, minerals, coal deposits, solar energy, etc.

(b) There are regions which are rich in certain types of resources but are
deficient in some other resources.

For example, the states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are
rich in minerals and coal deposits. Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water
resources but lacks in infrastructural development.

(c) There are some regions which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of
the availability of resources and there are some regions which have acute
 shortage of some vital resources.

For example, the state of Rajasthan is very well endowed with solar and wind
energy but lacks in water resources. The cold desert of Ladakh is isolated from
rest of the country and is deficient in water, infrastructure and some vital minerals

4. Write the major features of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, 1992.

Answer:

 In 1992,100 heads of States met in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first
‘International Earth Summit’.
 The summit was convened for addressing urgent problems of:
o environmental protection and
o socio-economic development at global level.
 The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on Global Climatic Change and
the Biological Diversity.
 The Rio convention endorsed the global Forest Principles and adopted ‘Agenda
21’ for achieving sustainable development in the 21st century. It is an agenda to
combat environmental damage, poverty and diseases through global co-
operation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.

5. Human activities have contributed significantly in land degradation.

Explain by giving three examples.
or
Explain any four human activities which are mainly responsible for land
degradation in India. Give any two suggestions to check the land
degradation.

(i) Mining: Mining is one of the major factors like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya
mining have caused severe land degradation
(ii) Overgrazing During the long period, grass is grazed to the ground a torn out by the
roots by animals. This leads to loosening of soil and it is easily washed away by rains.
In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra, overgrazing is
one of the main reasons for land degradation.

(iii) Over-irrigation: In the states of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh over-
irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to waterlogging which leads to
increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

(iv) Processing of minerals: The miner processing like grinding of limestone in cement
industry and calcite and soaps to for ceramic industry generate huge quant of dust in
 the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the so after it settles
down on the land.
(v) Industrial effluents: In recent years, industrial effluents as waste ham become a
major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.
6. It is vital to use resources, judiciously as check their indiscriminate
exploitation". Justify the statement by giving reasons.

Ans. (1) Resources are vital for any developmental activity.

(ii) The irrational consumption and over utilization of resources may lead to socio
economic and environmental problems.

(iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources led to global ecological crises such as global
warming, environmental pollution, etc.

(iv) The greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology is
the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.

(v) If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries
continues, the future of our planet is in danger.

HOTS:

1. Examine the diversity in the availability of resources in India. Give example

OR
‘A balanced resource planning is necessary for a balanced development at the national,
state, regional and local levels. Justify the statement.
OR
India is rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other resources.” Do you
agree with the statement? Support your answer with examples.
OR
“In India, some regions are rich in certain types of resources but deficient in some other
resources.” Do you agree with the statement? Support your answer with any three
examples
 There are regions in India which are rich in certain type of resources but are deficient in some
other resources.
 There are some regions in India which can be considered self-sufficient in terms of availability of
resources and there are some other regions which have acute shortage of some vital resources.
 The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal
deposits.
 Arunachal Pradesh has abundance of water resources but lacks in infrastructural developments.
 Rajasthan has a lot of solar and wind energy potential but lacks in water resources.
 The cold area of Ladakh has very rich cultural heritage but is deficient in water, Infrastructure
and minerals.
2. Why is it essential to have resource planning? Explain any three reasons.
OR
Planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources in a court India?
Justify this statement with two relevant points and an example.
 Resource planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use resources.
 Some of the resources like coal, petroleum, etc. are available in limited quantity.
 Such resources are depleting at a faster rate.
 Some of the resources have been accumulated by a handful of people. This restricts equitable
access to the resources.
 Indiscriminate exploitation of resources is another factor that necessitates resource planning.
 Resources are the gifts of the nature. These should be used judiciously and in a way that the
coming generations do not get deprived of these resources.
 Resource planning is important for sustainable development.
3. ‘Mere availability of resources will not bring economic development’. Give reasons.
 Along with the availability of resources corresponding changes in technology and institutions are
also required for economic development.
 There are many regions in India that are rich in resources but are economically backward.
 Some other areas have poor resources but they are economically developed.
 It was primarily the higher level of technological development of the colonizing countries that
helped them to exploit resources of other regions and establish their supremacy over the
colonies.
4. ‘Resource Planning is an essential pre condition for the development of the country’.
Give your support with valid point
OR
Resource planning is necessary for sustaining quality of life and global peace.
  Resource planning is the act of allocating and utilizing resources such as people, machinery,
tools, rooms etc. to achieve maximal efficiency of those resources.
It is essential to have resource planning because of the following reasons:
 It helps to identify the various resources present in different regions of the country.
 It helps in the conservation of various non-renewable/extinguishable resources.
 It helps in reducing wastage of resources.
 It helps in equal distribution of resources among the regions that have acute shortage of it.
 It helps in keeping track of remaining resources.
 It helps to take care of future generations.
Thus, resource planning is necessary for sustaining quality of life and global peace

5. Examine the major problems created as a result of the indiscriminate utilization of

natural resources. How can this situation be averted?
Or

Ans. The problems created as a result of indiscriminate utilization of natural resources

are:
 Depletion of resources at a faster rate for satisfying the greed of a few
individuals.
 Accumulation of resources in few hands, as a result, dividing the society
into two segments i.e., haves and have-nots or rich and poor.
 Increase in global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer
depletion, environmental pollution, and land degradation.
Ways to avoid this situation:
 Judicious use of resources should be done keeping in mind the need of
the present and future.
 There should be equal distribution and sharing of resources so that
everyone gets desired benefits.
 Resource planning should be done.
 We should divert ourselves to the use of non-conventional sources.
 6. Suggest and explain ways to protect the land from degradation in various
states of India.
Or,
Describe any three measures of controlling land degradation.
Ans. Measures to control land degradation:
 Afforestation and proper management of grazing should be done.
 Planting of shelter belts of plants and control over grazing should be done.
 Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
 Control of mining activities and proper management of waste lands should
be done.
 Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after
treatment.
7. "It is vital to use resources judiciously so as check their indiscriminate
exploitation". Justify the statement by giving reasons.

Ans. (i) Resources are vital for any developmental activity.

(ii) The irrational consumption and over- utilization of resources may lead to socio-
economic and environmental problems.

(iii) Indiscriminate exploitation of resources led to global ecological crises such as global
warming, environmental pollution, etc.

(iv) The greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology is
the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.

(v) If the present trend of resource depletion by a few individuals and countries
continues, the future of our planet is in danger.

8. Which soil type is the result of intense leaching due to heavy rainfall? State it’s
any two characteristics.
Ans. Laterite soil.

(i) The soils are acidic in nature, coarser and crumbly in texture.

(ii) Due to lack of nitrogen, potassium and organic elements, the laterite soil lack fertility,
and is not suitable for cultivation
9. Consequences of Environmental degradation do not respect national or state
boundaries." Justify the statement.

Ans: (i) The increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting in degradation
of the environment cannot be overlooked.
(ⅱ) Pollution of river waters affects all as most of the rivers pass through different
states.

(i) Air pollution caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases
adversely affects human health and atmosphere as a whole.

(iv) Thermal pollution of river water affects the aquatic life irrespective of state and
national

10.The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to
satisfy the greed of even one person." How is this statement relevant to the
discussion of development? Discuss.
Ans. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation.

(i) He said there is enough for everybody's needs and not for anybody's greed.

(ii) He regarded the greedy and selfish individuals and the exploitative nature of modern
technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.

(iii) He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the
masses.