Cheat sheet

CNR

SQL CATEGORIES
Aritmetic
+-*/
Comparison
Bitwise
&|^
OPERATORS

= < > <= => !< ! > <> !=

Compound
JOINS

+= -= *= /= %= &= |= ^=
DDL: DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE Logical
DQL: DATA QUERY LANGUAGE AND | OR | NOT | ANY
DML: DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE SOME | ALL | BETWEEN
DCL: DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE IN | EXISTS | LIKE
TCL: TRANSACTION CONTROL IS NULL | UNIQUE
LANGUAGE

COMMANDS AGGREGATION KEYWORD

S
DDL SET OPERATIONS
CREATE | DROP | ALTER|TRUNCATE GROUP BY | HAVING
RENAME | COMMENT
DQL:
SELECT
AGGREGATION FUNCTIONS
DML:
INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | LOCL AVG | COUNT | MAX
CALL | EXPLAIN PLAN MIN | SUM |
DCL
GRANT | REVOKE
TCL:
CONSTRAINTS
FETCH MAXIMUN/MINIMUN AGE
COMMIT | ROLLBACK NOT NULL UNIQUE SELECT max/min (age)
SAVEPOINT | SET TRANSACTION PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY FROM Students;
CHECK | DEFAULT
FETCH AVERAGE AGE FOR EACH
IMPORTANT KEYWORDS
GENDER
DQL EXAMPLES SELECT avg(age)
WHERE | DISTINCT | LIMIT ORDER BY | FROM Students
DESC | ASC FETCH ALL DATA FROM A TABLE GROUP BY Gender;
AS | FROM | SET| VALUES SELECT FROM Students:
CASE | DEFAULT FETCH FROM 2 TABLES
FILTER DATA FROM A TABLE SELECT fname, clsteacher
DATABASE OBJECTS SELECT FROM Students FROM Studens
TABLE | VIEW | SYNONYM WHERE rollno = 1234; INNER JOIN Section
SEQUENCE | INDEX | TRIGGER On Students.section=Section.id;
SELECT FROM Students
WHERE rollno>1234 SORT IN DESCENDING ORDER
DDL EXAMPLES AND age < 15 SELECT fname, lname
CREATE A TABLE FROM Students
FETCH SELECTED COLUMNS: WHERE rollno >1234;
CREATE TABLE Students (
SELECT fname, lname AND age<15;
rollno int PRIMARY KEY,
FROM Students ORDER BY gender DESC
fname varchar (255) NOT NULL,
WHERE rollno>1234
lname vachar (255)
AND age < 15;
); DML EXAMPLES
ADDING A NEW COLUMN TO THE TABLE:
FETCH MAXIMUM 10 ROWS INSERT DATA (ROWS) INTO A
ALTER TABLE Students
SELECT fname, lname TABLE
ADD email varchar(255),
FROM Students INSERT INTO Students (rollno, fname,
WHERE rollno>1234 lname)
MODIFYING THE DATA TYPE OF
AND age < 15 VALUES (1234, ‘Ivana’, ‘Andrés’);
EXISTING COLUMN:
LIMIT 10;
ALTER TABLE Students
ALTER COLUMN lname varchar(512); UPDATE DATA (VALUE OF
FETCH AGGREGATE AND FILTER COLUMN) OF A TABLE
SELECT section, count(*) AS studentcount UPDATE Students SET lname =
REMOVING AN EXISTING COLUMN FROM
FROM Students ‘Ronaldo’
THE TABLE
GROUP BY section WHERE rollno=1234;
ALTER TABLE Students
HAVING count(* )>20;
DROP COLUMN email;
DELETE DATA (ROWS) FROM A
FETCH COUNT OF RECORDS TABLE:
DROP A TABLE SELECT count (*)
DROP TABLE Studens DELETE FROM Students WHERE
FROM Students; rollno=1234;