Class Notes
Fractions and
Decimals
Grade 07
Topics to be Covered
1. Fractions
1.1. Addition and Subtraction of
Fractions
1.2. Multiplication of Fractions
• Multiplication of
fraction by whole
number
• Operator ‘of’
• Multiplication of
fraction by fraction
1.3. Division of Fractions
• Reciprocal
• Division of fraction by whole
number
• Division of whole number by
fraction 2. Decimals
• Division of fraction by fraction
2.1 Interconversion of
. Units
2.2 Comparison of
. Decimals
2.3 Multiplication of
. Decimals
• Multiplication of
decimal by
10, 100, 1000
• Multiplication of
decimal by decimal
2.4. Division of Decimals
• Division of decimal by 10,
100, 1000
• Division of decimal by
decimal
Mind Map
Addition and Multiplication Division
Subtraction of
of of Fractions Fractions
Fractions
Fractions
Fractions and
Decimals
Decimals
Interconversio Comparison Multiplication Division
n of
of Units of Decimals of Decimals Decimals
1. Fractions
1.1. Addition and Subtraction of
Fractions
Addition and Subtraction of Like Fraction
Like fractions: When the denominator is the
− = 1
=
same in two or more than two fractions.
+2 5
Addition: 2
=
Subtraction:
− =
Addition and Subtraction of Unlike Fraction
Unlike fractions: When the denominator is
different in two or more than two fractions.
For performing addition or subtraction, we first make the denominators of the fractions same
by finding the LCM.
Addition: 2 1 (LCM of 7 and 5 is
+ 35)
5
= 10+7
35 = 17
35
Subtraction 2 1
(LCM of 7 and 5 is
: − 35)
=
5
10 −7 3
= 35 35
1. Fractions
1.2. Multiplication of Fractions
Multiplication of Fraction by Whole Number
To multiply a fraction with the whole number,
we need to multiply the numerator of the
fraction with the whole number.
×4= =
×4 12
Operator ‘of”
Operator ‘of’ represents multiplication.
5= 3×5=
2 2 10
3 3
Multiplication of Fraction by Fraction
To multiply the fractions, we need to multiply the
numerator with numerator and multiply the
× = ×2 = 14
1 ×1 3
denominator with denominator.
2
8 = 3× 8 = 24= 12
3 5 2 5 10 5
5
1. Fractions
1.3. Division of Fractions
Reciprocal
The non-zero numbers whose product with each other
is 1, are called the reciprocals of each other.
1
Example: Reciprocal of 2 is 2 and vice versa.
Division of Fraction by Whole Number
Step 1: Take up the reciprocal of the divisor.
Step 2: Multiply reciprocal with the dividend.
1
÷7
(Reciprocal of 7
7
is
= 7× 7= 49
)
3 1 3
1. Fractions
1.3. Division of Fractions
Division of Whole Number by Fraction
Step 1: Take up the reciprocal of the divisor.
Step 2: Multiply reciprocal with the dividend.
3
7÷ (Reciprocal of 3
is 7
)
7 3
7
7× =493
7
= 3
Division of Fraction by Fraction
Step 1: Take up the reciprocal of the divisor.
Step 2: Multiply reciprocal with dividend.
2 8
÷ (Reciprocal of
8
is
15
)
3 15 15 8
= × =
2 15 5
3 8 4
2. Decimals
2.1. Interconversion of Units
Interconversion of length units
×1000 ×100 ×10
kilometer metrecentimetre millimetre
÷1000 ÷100 ÷10
Interconversion of Indian currency units
×100
Rupees Paise
÷100
Interconversion of weight units
×1000 ×100 ×10
Kilogram Gram Centigram Milligram
÷1000 ÷100 ÷10
2. Decimals
2.2. Comparison of Decimals
Step 1: Compare the whole parts first. The
number having the greater whole part is
greater.
Step 2: If the numbers are having the same
whole parts, then compare the decimal parts
place by place.
Ex:
Compare 19.023 and 19.027.
Comparing the whole parts, we see that they
are the same.
The tenth and hundredth place digits of the
decimal are also the same.
19.023 19.027
On comparing the thousandth-place digit, we
find that 7 is greater than 3.
19.023 < 19.027
2. Decimals
2.3. Multiplication of Decimals
Multiplication of Decimal by Decimal
. × .
Step 1: Ignore the decimal points and multiply.
× =
Step 2: Count the number of digits to the right of the
decimal in the numbers getting multiplied and shift the
decimal point to the left in the product accordingly.
3 places 1 place
=
. × . .
Shift the decimal point
by 4 places to the left
Multiplication of Decimal by 10, 100 and
1000
Count the number of zeroes in the multiplier and move
the decimal point to the right as many places as the
number of zeros after 1 in the multiplier.
3.24 × 1000 = 3240.0
3 zeros
Shift the decimal point
by 3 places to the right
2. Decimals
2.4. Division of Decimals
Division of Decimals by 10, 100, 1000
• Ignore the decimal and write the decimal
number as a whole number.
• Count the number of decimal places in the
dividend and shift the decimal point towards the
left by the same number of places in the product
to the left to get the answer.
3.24 × 1000 = 3240.0
3 zeros
Shift the decimal
point by 3 places
to the right
Division of Decimal by Decimal
5.76 ÷ 0.24
Step 1: Shift the decimal point by an equal number
of places in both dividend and divisor to make the
divisor a whole number.
5.76 ÷ 0.24
Step 2: Divide
576÷24=24
Important Questions
Question 1 3 Marks
The directions for a pain reliever recommend that an
adult of 60 kg and over, takes 4 tablets every 4 hours
as needed, and an adult who weighs
1 4
between 40 kg and 50 kg takes only 2 2 tablets every 4 hours as needed. Each tablet weighs 25
gram.
(a) If a 72 kg adult takes 4 tablets, how many
grams of pain reliever is he or she receiving?
(b) How many grams of pain reliever is recommended
dose for an adult weighing 46 kg ?
Solution
4
Given, 72 kg adult
25
takes 4 tablets and each tablet weighs g.
∴ Total weight of pain reliever, he/she is
receiving 1.5
=4×
4
g=
16
g
Marks
25 25
Given the weight of pain reliever he/she is
receiving
= (254 × 2 12)g
= (254 × (2 2)+12)g
= (254 × 52 )g
2
1.5
=
Marks
5
Important Questions
(20×4)+3
4
Question 2 3 Marks
3 1 Cost of a burger is ₹ 20 and of a macpuff is ₹ 15 .
4 2
∴ 83
Solution
Cost of 4 burgers = ₹ 4
× 4
3
Cost of 1 burger = ₹ 20 4
=₹
83
=₹ 4
=₹83
1 Mark
1 31
Cost of 1 macpuffs = ₹ 15 2 = ₹ 2
31 =₹217
Cost of 14 macpuffs = ₹ 14 × 2
1 Mark
∴ The total cost of 4 burgers and 14 macpuffs = ₹ (83 + 217) = ₹
300
1 Mark
Important Questions
Question 3 4 Marks
1
The length of the smaller rectangle is 10 of the bigger rectangle and its breadth
is 0.001 times the bigger rectangle. If the area of the bigger rectangle is 10000
m2. Find the area of the smaller rectangle.
Solution
Let the length and breadth of the bigger rectangle be a
metres and b metres respectively.
Given that,
1
The length of the smaller rectangle is (10 ) of the bigger rectangle.
The length of the smaller rectangle = 0.1 x a metres
1 Mark
The breadth of the shaded rectangle is 0.001 times the
bigger rectangle.
The breadth of the shaded rectangle = 0.001 x b
metres
1
Area of the bigger rectangle = a x b m2 = Mark
10000 m2
1
Mark
Area of the smaller rectangle = (0.1a) x (0.001b) =
(0.0001) x (ab)= (0.0001) x (10000)= 1 m2
So, the area of the smaller rectangle is 1 m 2.
1 Mark
Important Questions
Question 4 3 Marks
1
Reenu read 5 th pages of a book. If she reads further 40
7
pages, she would have read 10 th pages of the
book. How many pages are left to be read?
Solution
Let the total pages of the book be x.
According to the question,
1
+40=
1 7 Mark
5 10
7 1 7 −2
⇒40= − =
10 5 10
5
⇒40=
10
1
⇒ =400 = 80 Mark
5
Therefore, total pages of the book = 80
Hence, pages left to be read
= Total pages of a book – (
7 )
= 80 – 56 = 24 pages 10
1
Mark
Important Questions
Question 5 4 Marks
A floor is 4.5 m long and 3.6 m wide. A 6-cm square tile
costs ₹23.25. What will be the cost to cover the floor
with these tiles?
Solution
Length of floor = 4.5 m
Width of floor = 3.6 m
Area of floor = length × breadth =
(4.5 x 3.6) m2
1 Mark
Side of square tile = 6 cm = 100
6
= 0.06
Area of one tile = (side)2 = 0.06 x 0.06 m
1 Mark
4.5×3.6
Number of tiles = = = 4500
0.06×0.06
Since the cost of one tile = ₹23.25 1
Mark
∴ Cost of 4500 tiles = ₹23.25 × 4500
1 = ₹104625
Mark
Hence, ₹ 104625 is the cost to cover the floor
with tiles.
Important Questions
Question 6 2 Marks
Population of Rajasthan = 570 lakhs, population
of UP = 1660 lakhs
2
Area of Rajasthan = 3 lakh km , area of UP = 2 lakh
2 2
km How many people are there per km in both these
states?
Solution
Population of Rajasthan in 3 lakh km2 area =
570 lakh
So, the number of people in 1 km2 area of
Rajasthan = 570
= 190
1
Mark
3
Population of UP in 2 lakh km2 area =
1660 lakh
2
So, the number of people in 1 km area of UP
= 1660
2 = 830 1 Mark
