IS MATTER AROUND US PURE |. On the basis of composition, how matter is classified? 2. Mention whether the following statements are true or false. Correct the false statements, a) An aqueous solution of copper sulphate is homogeneous. b) Milk is a pure substance. ©) A molecule of sulphur is monoatomic. 3. What is meant by a pure substan 4. What are the characteristics exhibited by a pure substance? 5. What are different categories of pure substance? 6. Name two properties of a substance to check its purity? 7. Define mixture. 8. What are the kinds of mixture? 9. What are the characteristics of mixture? 10. List the points of differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. 11. Identity which of the following is homogenous mixture or heterogeneous one. Also identify the type of constituents in mixture (e.g. gas in gas, gas in liquid, gas in solid ete.) a. b. Water and Oil (N> + Op ) c. Hydrogen in Palladium 4. Aerated Water (CO2 + 0) e. Chalk in water £ Ethyl Aleohol in Water g. Alloys e.g. brass h. Dust (e.g. fine sand) in water i, Sand + iron filings j. Sand + ammonium chloride h, milk i, Mercury in amalgamated Zine 12, What are the constituents of brass? 13, Alloys cannot be separated by physical means, though it is considered mixture, Why? 14, What are elements? 15, How elements are further classified? Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 50 -16, What is a compound? Give an example. 17, State the differences between compounds and mixtures. 18, What is a solution? What are the properties of a solution? 19, What is meant by solute and solvent? 20. Identify solute and solvent in the following solutions. Also mention the physical state of solute and solvent. (a) Sugar in water (b) Urea in water (c) Ammonium chloride in water (d) Ethyl alcohol in water (c) Carbon Di-Oxide in water (soda water) 21. What is meant by Solubility? 22. What factors affect the solubility of solvent and solute? 23. Why do fish go in deep waters during day light? 24, Based on the type of solvent, how solutions are classified? 25, Based on the amount of solute in the given solution, how solutions are classified? 26. What are aqueous solutions? 27. What are non-aqueous solutions? 28, When we open the cap of a cola drink (or any carbonated beverage), why does excess of bubbles come out? 29. Why air is a mixture not a compound? Give reasons. 30. What are the advantages of preparing solutions? 31. What is an unsaturated solution? 32. What is saturated solution? Explain with an example. 33. What is supersaturated solution? 34, What are suspensions? Explain with an example, 35. What are the properties of suspensions? 36. Explain with an example what is a colloid? 37. What are the physical states of dispersed phase and dispersion medium of a cloud? 38, What are the physical states of dispersed phase and dispersion medium of a fog? 39, What are the properties of a colloid? 40. How are sol, solution and suspension different from each other? 41. What is Tyndall effect? Doce true solution exhibit Tyndall effect. 42. "Tyndall effect can be observed when sunlight passes through the canopy of dense forest. or we see a rich red sunset.” Explain how this occurs Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 51 -43. What do you mean by strength of the solutis 44, What are the various methods to express concentration of a solution? 45. To make a saturated solution, 36 g of sodium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water at 293K. Find its concentration at this temperature. 46. Calculate the mass of ghicouse and mass of water required to make 200g of 25% solution of glucouse. 47. A solution contains 40 mL of ethyl aleohol mixed with 100mL of water. What is the concentration of the solution in terms of volume by volume percentage? 48. What are different ways to separate solid mixtures? 49. Describe sieving method. 50, Winnowing works on what property? 51. What are the reasons for separating the constituents ofa mixture? 52. When it is usefull to apply sedimentation and decantation? Give an example where these methods are used? Explain the process. 53. What principle is applied in centrifugation? Give examples where this method is applied to separate mixtures. 54, How crystallization is better than evaporation? 55. Name the technique to separate (i) butter from curd (ii) salt from sea-water (ii) camphor from salt 56. What is Chromatography? 57. A good method to separate alum (phitkari) from impure samples is (a) Filtration (b) Sedimentaion (c) Crystallization (d) Sublimation 58. A boy buys common salt from the market which is contaminated with Ammonium Chloride (NH4CI) and sand. The procedure he should adopt to obtain pure NaCl is the following : (a) to mix the sample in water and evaporate the solution (b) to mix the sample in water and evaporate the decanted solution (c) to mix the sample in acetone and evaporate the decanted solution (d) to heat the sample, then mix in water and evaporate the decanted solution, 59. Define Brownian movement in colloi 60. Name the following (a) a lustrous liquid metal. (b) a liquid non-metal (©) a metal which can be cut with a knife (d) a non-metal which is good conductor of electricity. Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 52 -(e) an element which melts when kept on the palm. (f) the best conductor of heat. 61. How many elements are there which are in gaseous state at room temperature? 62. Name the elements are in liquid state at room temperature. 63. Who used the term ‘element’ first time? 64. Who gave the first explanatory definition of ‘element’? 65. Identify the following as mixture or compound. (i) blood (ii) common salt (iii) sugar (iv) brass 66. Sasha heats a container carrying Nitrogen and Oxygen. After heating at very high temperature, it gives Nitric oxide. Identify what are mixtures and/or compounds before and after the reaction. 67. In beaker A, sugar cubes are dissolved into water while in beaker B, crushed cubes are taken. In which beaker the rate of dissolution is faster? 68. Identify solute and solvent in the following solutions : (i) aerated drinks (ii) tincture of iodine (iii) lemon water 69. State the principle of each of the following methods of separation of mixtures. (i centrifugation method. (ii) separation using separating funnel. 70. Why solutions do not exhibit Tyndall effect? 71. What is an emulsion? Give examples 72. What are the differences and similarities between concentration and solubility? 73. Give examples of liquids that are (i) completely miscible (ii) partially miscible i) practically immiscible Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 53 -IS MATTER AROUND US PURE 1, Salt can be recovered from its solution by evaporation. Suggest some other technique for the same? 2. While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student by mistake added acetone (boiling point 56°C). What technique can be employed to get back the acetone? Justify your choice. 3. Classify the following as element, compound or mixture. i) Zine amalgam (ii) Sea water (iii) Iodine vapour (iv) Gold coin (v) Water. 4. How would you separate a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen? 5. Give one example for each of the following mixtures: i) Solid/solid (homogeneous) ii) Solid/solid (heterogeneous) ii) Liquid/liquid (homogeneous) iv) Liquid/liquid (heterogeneous) v) Gas/liquid (homogeneous). 6. Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while in the case ofa suspension they do. 7. Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different? 8. Name the process associated with the following (@) Dri (b) A drop of ink placed on the surface of water contained in a glass spreads throughout, is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure. the water. (©) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring. (4) Aacetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty. (e) Milk is churned to separate cream from it. () Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time. (f) Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room, illuminates the particles in its paths. 9. The teacher instructed three students ‘A’, “B’ and ‘C” respectively to prepare a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ‘A’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100 mL. of water, ‘B’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100g of water while ‘C’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in water to make 100 mL of solution. Which one of them has made the desired solution and why? 10, Why is gold alloyed with copper or silver for the purpose of making ornament 11. Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your surroundings? Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 54 -12, Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass percent) solution in 100g of water? 13. How would you separate a mixture of ammonia and hydrogen? 14, Action of heat on blue vitriol is a physical as well as chemical change. Justify. 15. How would you separate a mixture of NH,Cl and 13? 16. Describe a method for separation of the constituents of gunpowder. 17. Describe how you would obtain the substances mentioned below, from the given mixtures. a) Iodine from tincture of iodine. b) Lead chloride from a mixture of lead chloride and silver chloride 18. Write the characteristics of Suspension method of separation of mixture. 19, Briefly describe how to separate, i) Sulphur from a mixture of sulphur and sand. ii) Black CuO from a mixture of CuO and ZnO. 20. Fill in the blanks (a) Acolloid isa mixture and its components can be separated by the technique known as (b) Ice, water and water vapour look different and display different — properties but they are the same. (©) Amixture of chloroform and water taken in a separating funnel is mixed and left undisturbed for some time. The upper layer in the separating funnel will be of and the lower layer will be that of (4) Amixture of two or more miscible liquids, for which the difference in the boiling points is less than 25 K can be separated by the process called- (©) When light is passed through water containing a few drops of milk, it shows a bluish tinge. This is due to the of light by milk and the phenomenon is called — —— . This indicates that milk is a solution, 21. Which of the following is NOT true about colloids? (a) Particles in a colloid can pass through filter paper. (b) A colloid is a homogeneous solution. (c) Colloidal particles exhibit Brownian motion. (d) Colloidal particles exhibit electrophoresis. 22. Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? (a) air (b) brass (c) sugar dissolved in water (4) lime water 23. How can we separate cream from milk? (a) Centrifugation Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 55 -(b) Chromatography (c) Sublimation (4) Distillation 24, Removal of clear layer of the liquid without disturbing the settled solid is known as (b) Decantation (©) Filtration (4) Evaporation 25. A mixture of water and silver chloride can be separated by (a) Centrifugation (b) Sedimentation (©) Filtration (d) Sublimation 26. When two liquids in a mixture differ by their boiling points, which of the following is the best method to separate these liquids? (a) Evaporation (b) Distillation (c) Chromatography (d) Filtration 27. Solution which has uniform composition throughout is called (a) homogeneous solution (b) heterogeneous solution (c) Colloidal solution (d) none of these 28. The particles of a suspension will be of size (a) less than Inm (nm = nano metre) (b) between Inm to 100 nm (©) greater than 100nm (d) less than 0.1 nm 29. Which of the following is a chemical change? (a) Melting of ice (b) Dissolving salt in water (©) Rusting of iron (4) Boiling of water into steam 30. Which one of the following is TRUE for compounds? (a) It shows properties of its constituents. (b) It may be homogeneous or heterogeneous. (c) It can be separated by physical methods. (4) It has fixed melting and boiling point. Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 56 -IS MATTER AROUND US PURE 1, Which of the following statements are true for pure substances? (i) Pure substances contain only one kind of particles (ii) Pure substances may be compounds or mixtures (iii) Pure substances have the same composition throughout (iv) Pure substances can be exemplified by all elements other than nickel (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i) and (iii) (©) (ii) and (iv) (4) (ii) and (iti) 2. Why do we call sugar a pure substance? 3. What are saturated and unsaturated solutions? 4, Define a solution. 5. What is a suspension? Give its example and properties 6. Define concentration ofa solution. 7. What is Tyndall effect? 8. What is the difference between True solution and colloids? 9. What are alloys? Why are alloys called as mixture? 10. Write the characteristics of brass. 11. Define solute and solvent. 12, What is solubility? 13, 14, Give properties of true solution, Rusting ofan article made up of iron is called (a) corrosion and it is a physical as well as chemical change (b) dissolution and it is a physical change (c) corrosion and it is a chemical change (d) dissolution and it is a chemical change a A mixture of sulphur and carbon disulphide is (a) heterogeneous and shows Tyndall effect (b) homogeneous and shows Tyndall effect (c) heterogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect (d) homogeneous and does not show Tyndall effect 16. Tincture of iodine has antiseptic properties. This solution is made by dissolving (a) iodine in potassium iodide (b) iodine in vaseline (c) iodine in water (A) iodine in alcohol 17. Why do we need to separate mixtures? 18. How can we separate cream from milk? Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 57 -19, Which of the following are homogeneous in nature? (i) ice (ii) wood (ii) soil (iv) air (a) (i) and (b) (ii) and (iv) (©) (i) and (iv) (4) (iii) and (iv) 20, Which of the following are physical changes? (i) Melting of iron metal (ii) Rusting of iron (iii) Bending of an iron rod (iv) Drawing a wire of iron metal (a) (i), (ii) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (©) (i), Gil) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) 21. Which of the following are chemical changes? (i) Decaying of wood (ii) Burning of wood (iii) Sawing of wood (iv) Hammering of a nail into a piece of wood (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) () (i) and (iv) 22. Two substances, A and B were made to react to form a third substance, A2B according to the following reaction 2A+B3AB Which of the following statements concerning this reaction are incorrect? (i) The product A2B shows the properties of substances A and B (ii) The product will always have a fixed composition (iii) The product so formed cannot be classified as a compound (iv) The product so formed is an element (a) (i), (ii) and (iii), (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (©) (i), Gil) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) 23. Two chemical species X and Y combine together to form a product P which contains both X and Y X+Y oP X and Y cannot be broken down into simpler substances by simple chemical reactions. Which of the following concerning the species X, Y and P are correct? (i) P isa compound (ii) X and Y are compounds (iii) X and Y are elements (iv) P has a fixed compo: (a) (i), (i and (iii), (b) (i), Gi) and (iv) (©) (i), (iii) and (iv) (4) (i), (iii) and (iv) ion Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 58 -24, Suggest separation technique(s) one would need to employ to separate the following mixtures. (a) Mercury and water (b) Potassium chloride and ammonium chloride () Common salt, water and sand (d) Kerosene oil, water and salt 25. Which of the tubes in the below figure (a) and (b) will be more effective as a condenser in the distillation apparatus? 26, Salt can be recovered from its solution by evaporation. Suggest some other technique for the same? 27. The ‘sea-water’ can be classified as a homogeneous as well as heterogeneous mixture. Comment, 28. While diluting a solution of salt in water, a student by mistake added acetone (boiling point 56°C). What technique can be employed to get back the acetone? Justify your choice. 29, What would you observe when (a) a saturated solution of potassium chloride prepared at 60°C is allowed to cool to room temperature. (b) an aqueous sugar solution is heated to dryness. (¢) a mixture of iron filings and sulphur powder is heated strongly. 30. Explain why particles of a colloidal solution do not settle down when left undisturbed, while in the case of a suspension they do. 31. Smoke and fog both are aerosols. In what way are they different? 32, Classify the following as physical or chemical properties (a) The composition of a sample of steel is: 98% iron, 1.5% carbon and 0.5% other elements. (b) Zine dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the evolution of hydrogen gas. (c) Metallic sodium is soft enough to be cut with a knife (d) Most metal oxides form alkalis on interacting with water. Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 59 -33. The teacher instructed three students ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ respectively to prepare a 50% (mass by volume) solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). ‘A’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100 mL of water, “B’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in 100g of water while ‘C’ dissolved 50g of NaOH in water to make 100 mL of solution. Which one of them has made the desired solution and why? 34, Name the process associated with the following (a) Dry ice is kept at room temperature and at one atmospheric pressure. (b) A drop of ink placed on the surface of water contained in a glass spreads throughout the water. (c) A potassium permanganate crystal is in a beaker and water is poured into the beaker with stirring, (d) A acetone bottle is left open and the bottle becomes empty. (e) Milk is churned to separate cream from it. (f) Settling of sand when a mixture of sand and water is left undisturbed for some time. (g) Fine beam of light entering through a small hole in a dark room, illuminates the particles in its paths 35. Write the applications of centrifugation, 36. How can we separate a mixture of salt and ammonium chloride? Draw a diagram. 37. What is chromatography? Explain the process. 38, How can you separate copper sulphate from an impure sample? 39. You are given two samples of water labelled as “A” and ‘B’. Sample ‘A’ boils at 100°C and sample ‘B’ boils at 102°C. Which sample of water will not freeze at 0°C? Comment. 40. What are the favourable qualities given to gold when it is alloyed with copper or silver for the purpose of making ornaments? 41. An element is sonorous and highly ductile. Under which category would you classify this clement? What other characteristics do you expect the element to possess? 42. Give an example each for the mixture having the following characteristics. Suggest a suitable method to separate the components of these mixtures (a) A volatile and a non-volatile component. (b) Two volatile components with appreciable difference in boiling points. (©) Two immiscible liquids. (d) One of the components changes directly from solid to gaseous state (c) Two or more coloured constituents soluble in some solvent. 43. Fill in the blanks (a) A colloid is a mixture and its components can be separated by the technique known as : (b) Ice, water and water vapour look different and display different — properties but they are the same. (c) A mixture of chloroform and water taken in a separating funnel is mixed and left undisturbed for some time. The upper layer in the separating funnel will be of and the lower layer will be that of (d) A mixture of two or more miscible liquids, for which the difference in the boiling points is less than 25 K can be separated by the process calle Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 60 -(e) When light is passed through water containing a few drops of milk, it shows a bluish tinge. This is due to the of light by milk and the phenomenon is called This indicates that milk is a solution. - = Sucrose (sugar) crystals obtained from sugarcane and beetroot are mixed together. Will it be a pure substance or a mixture? Give reasons for the same. 45. Give some examples of Tyndall effect observed in your surroundings? 46. Can we separate alcohol dissolved in water by using a separating funnel? If yes, then describe the procedure. If not, explain, 47. On heating calcium carbonate gets converted into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. (a) Is this a physical or a chemical change? (b) Can you prepare one acidic and one basic solution by using the products formed in the above process? If so, write the chemical equation involved. 48. Non metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are non-lustrous, non- sonorous, non-malleable and are coloured, (a) Name a lustrous non-metal (b) Name a non-metal which exists as a liquid at room temperature, (c) The allotropic form of a non-metal is a good conductor of electricity. Name the allotrope (d) Name a non-metal which is known to form the largest number of compounds. (c) Name a non-metal other than carbon which shows allotropy. () Name a non-metal which is required for combustion. 49. Classify the substances given in the below figure into elements and compounds 50. Which of the following are not compounds? (a) Chlorine gas (b) Potassium chloride (c) Iron (d) Iron sulphide (e) Aluminium (8) Iodine (g) Carbon (h) Carbon monoxide (i) Sulphur powder Fractional distillation is suitable for separation of miscible liquids with a boiling point difference of about 25 K or less. What part of fractional distillation apparatus makes it Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 61 -efficient and possess an advantage over a simple distillation process. Explain using a diagram. 52. (a) Under which category of mixtures will you classify alloys and why? (b) A solution is always a liquid. Comment. (c) Cana solution be heterogeneous? 53. Iron filings and sulphur were mixed together and divided into two parts, ‘A’ and ‘B’. Part “A” was heated strongly while Part “B” was not heated. Dilute hydrochloric acid was added to both the Parts and evolution of gas was seen in both the cases. How will you identify the gases evolved? 54. A child wanted to separate the mixture of dyes constituting a sample of ink. He marked a line by the ink on the filter paper and placed the filter paper in a glass containing water as shown in below figure. The filter paper was removed when the water moved near the top of the filter paper. Glass rod Paper clips Jar ‘Strip of filter paper Ink ‘Water (i) What would you expect to see, if the ink contains three different coloured components? (ii) Name the technique used by the child. (iii) Suggest one more application of this technique. 55. A group of students took an old shoe box and covered it with a black paper from all sides. They fixed a source of light (a torch) at one end of the box by making a hole in it and made another hole on the other side to view the light. They placed a milk sample contained in a beaker/tumbler in the box as shown in the below figure. They were amazed to see that milk taken in the tumbler was illuminated. They tried the same activity by taking a salt solution. but found that light simply passed through Shoe box Glass tumbler containing sample Source ee of light (a) Explain why the milk sample was illuminated. Name the phenomenon involved. (b) Same results were not observed with a salt solution, Explain. (c) Can you suggest two more solutions which would show the same effect as shown by the milk solution? Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 62 -56. Classify each of the following, as a physical or a chemical change. Give reasons. (a) Drying of a shirt in the sun. (b) Rising of hot air over a radiator. (c) Burning of kerosene in a lantern. (d) Change in the colour of black tea on adding lemon juice to it. (e) Churning of milk cream to get butter. 57. During an experiment the students were asked to prepare a 10% (Mass/Mass) solution of sugar in water. Ramesh dissolved 10g of sugar in 100g of water while Sarika prepared it by dissolving 10g of sugar in water to make 100g of the solution. (a) Are the two solutions of the same concentration (b) Compare the mass % of the two solutions. 58. You are provided with a mixture containing sand, iron filings, ammonium chloride and sodium chloride. Describe the procedures you would use to separate these constituents from the mixture? 59. Arun has prepared 0.01% (by mass) solution of sodium chloride in water. Which of the following correctly represents the composition of the solutions? (a) 1.00 g of NaCl + 100g of water (b) 0.1 1g of NaCl + 100g of water (c) 0.01 g of NaCl + 99.99g of water (d) 0.10 g of NaCl + 99.90g of water 60. Calculate the mass of sodium sulphate required to prepare its 20% (mass percent) solution in 100g of water? Prepared by: M. S. KumarSwamy, TGT(Maths) Page - 63 -