Experiment No.
11
Title of the Experiment: Determination of torsional natural frequency of single and double
rotor system undamped and damped natural frequencies.
Aim: To study the torsional vibrations (undamped) of single rotor shaft system
Description:
Fig No. 7 shows the general arrangement for carrying out the experiments. One end of the shaft is
gripped in the chuck & heavy flywheel free to rotate in ball bearing is fixed at the other end of the
shaft. The bracket with fixed end of the shaft can be clamped at any convenient position along lower
beam. Thus length of the shaft can be varied during the experiments. The ball bearing support to
the flywheel provides negligible damping during experiment. The bearing housing is fixed to side
member of the main frame.
Procedure:
1. Fix the bracket at convenient position along the lower beam.
2. Grip one end of the shaft at the bracket by chuck. Fix the rotor on other end of shaft
3. Twist the rotor through some angle & release
4. Note down the time required for 10, 20 oscillations
5. Repeat the procedure for different length of shaft.
6. Make the following observations -
a) Shaft Dia. = 3 mm.
b) Dia. of Disc = 225 mm.
c) Wt. of the disc. = 2.926 Kg.
d) Modulus of rigidity for shaft = 0.8 x 10 Kg/Cm2
Observation Table:
Sl. No. Length of No. of Osc ‘n’ Time for n Osc Periodic
Time (Expec)
Shaft L in cm. ‘t’ T=t/n
Calculations:
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Determination of Torsional stiffness, K t
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GI p
Kt
L
Where L=Length of the shaft
Ip = Polar M.I of Shaft πd4/32
D=diameter of Shaft
G= Modulus of Rigidity of Shaft =0.8*106Kg/cm2
Determine T Theoretical
I
T
KT
w D2
Where, I =M.I of Disc.=
g 8
Determine T Experimental
Conclusion
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Aim: To study the free vibrations of two rotor system and to determine the natural frequency
of oration theoretically & experimentally.
Description:
Fig. 8 shows the general arrangement for carrying out the experiment. Two discs having different
mass moment of inertia are clamped one at each end of the shaft by means of collet and chucks.
Mass moment of inertia of any disc can be changed by attaching the cross-lever weights. Both discs
are free to oscillate in ball bearings. This provides negligible damping during experiment.
Procedure:
1. Fix two discs to the shaft and fit the shaft in bearings
2. Deflect the discs in opposite direction by hand and release.
3. Note down time required for particular number of oscillations.
4. Fit the cross arm to one of the discs say B and again note down the time.
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5. Repeat the procedure with different equal masses attached to the ends of cross arm & note down
the time.
Observations:
Dia of Disc A = 225 mm.
Dia of Disc B = 190 mm.
Weight of Disc A = 2.926 Kg
Weight of Disc B = 2.100 Kg
Length of Cross Arm = mm
Dia of Shaft = 3 mm.
Length of shaft between Rotors L = mm
Observation Table:
Sl. No. IA IB No. of Time T Exp t/n
Sec
Oscillations Required
for n Osc
“t”
Calculations:
Determination of Torsional stiffness, K t
DEPARTMENT OF MECHHANICAL ENGINEERING 77
GI p
Kt
L
Where L=Length of the shaft
Ip = Polar M.I of Shaft πd4/32
D=diameter of Shaft
G= Modulus of Rigidity of Shaft =0.8*106Kg/cm2
2
w D
Where, IA =M.I of Disc.= I A A A
g 8
2
w D w R2
IB B B 1
g 8 g 8
(neglecting effect of cross arm)
Where W1= Weight attached to the cross arm. R = Radius of fixation of weight on the arm
Determine T Theoretical
Determine T Experimental
Result
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Viva Question
1. Define natural frequency.
2. What is the natural frequency in a mechanical system?
3. How does it differ in damped and undamped systems?
4. Explain the concept of torsional vibration.
5. What causes torsional vibrations in rotor systems?
6. Why is it important to study torsional vibrations?
7. Describe the process to determine the natural frequency of a single rotor system.
8. What equations are used for theoretical calculations?
9. What are the boundary conditions assumed?
10. How does adding damping affect the natural frequency of a single rotor system?
11. What is the difference between the damped and undamped natural frequencies?
12. How can damping be introduced in a rotor system?
13. What is the difference between single and double rotor systems in terms of vibration analysis?
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