Quadratic EQuation

Form 4
Vol 4

Part 5 – Completing square

1. (a) x2 + 6x – 16 = 0
x2 + 6x + 32 – 32 – 16 = 0
(x + 3)2 – 32 – 16 = 0
(x + 3)2 = 25
x + 3 = 5 or –5
x = 2 or –8

(b) 4x2 – 4x + 1 = 7
4(x2 – x) = 6
 2 1 1 
2 2

4 x − x +   −    = 6
  2   2  
 1  1
2

4  x −  −  = 6
 2  4 
2
 1
4  x −  −1 = 6
 2
2
 1 7
x−  =
 2 4
1 7
x− =
2 2
1 7
x=
2

(c) x2 – 6ax = 3a2

x2 – 6ax + (3a)2 – (3a)2 = 3a2
(x – 3a)2 – 9a2 = 3a2

x – 3a =  12a 2

x = 3a ± 2 3 a

1
1. (d) 2x2 + 9x = 5
 9 
2  x2 + x = 5
 2 
 2 9 9 9 
2 2

2 x + x +   −    = 5
 2  4   4  
 9  81 
2

2  x +  −  = 5
 4  16 
2
 9  121
x+  =
 4 16
9 11
x+ =
4 4
x = 0.5 or –5

(e) 5x2 – 30x = 7

5(x2 – 6x) = 7
5(x2 – 6x + 32 – 32) = 7
5[(x – 3)2 – 9] = 7
52
(x – 3)2 =
5

52 2 65 15  2 65
x=3± =3± =
5 5 5

(f) 2x(x – 4) = (x + 2)(x – 3)

2x2 – 8x = x2 – x – 6
x2 – 7x = – 6
2 2
7 7
x − 7 x +   −   = −6
2

2 2
2 2
 7 7
 x −  −   = −6
 2 2
2
 7 25
x−  =
 2 4

x – 3.5 = ±2.5
x = 6 or 1

2
2. (a) y = 2x2 – 3x + 10
 3 
= 2  x 2 − x  + 10
 2 
 2 3 3 3 
2 2

= 2  x − x +   −    + 10
 2  4   4  
 3
2
9
= 2  x −  −  + 10
 4  16 
2
 3  71
= 2 x −  +
 4 8
71
Minimum value of y = .
8

(b) y = 3x2 + 5x + 8
 5 
= 3 x2 + x  + 8
 3 
 2 5 5 5 
2 2

= 3x + x +   −    + 8
 3  6   6  
 5  25 
2

= 3  x +  −  + 8
 6  36 
2
 5  71
= 3 x +  +
 6  12
71
Minimum value of y = .
12

3
2. (c) y = –4x2 + 18x – 5
 9 
= −4  x 2 − x  − 5
 2 
 2 9 9 9 
2 2

= −4  x − x +   −    − 5
 2  4   4  
 9  81 
2

= −4   x −  −  − 5
 4  16 
2
 9  61
= −4  x −  +
 4 4
61
Maximum value of y = .
4

(d) y = –6x2 – 16x + 9

 8 
= −6  x 2 + x  + 9
 3 
 2 8 4 4 
2 2

= −6  x + x +   −    + 9
 3  3   3  
 4  16 
2

= −6   x +  −  + 9
 3 9 
2
 4  59
= −6  x +  +
 3 3
59
Maximum value of y = .
3

4
3. f(x) = 3x2 + hx + 187
= 3 x 2 + hx + 187
 h 
= 3  x 2 + x  + 187
 3 
 2 h h h 
2 2

= 3  x + x +   −    + 187
 3  6   6  
2
 h  h2
= 3  x +  − + 187
 6  12

h2
Minimum value of f(x) = − + 187
12
h2
− + 187 = −5
12
h2 = 2304
h = 48 or –48

4. y = ax2 – 8x + 6a + 1

 8 
= a  x 2 − x  + 6a + 1
 a 
 8 4 4 
2 2

= a  x 2 − x +   −    + 6a + 1
 a  a   a  
2
 4  16
= a  x −  − + 6a + 1
 a a
Since quadratic y has a minimum value, we have a > 0.
16
Minimum value of y = − + 6a + 1
a
16
− + 6a + 1 = 30
a
6a2 – 29a – 16 = 0
16
a= or –0.5 (rej.)
3

5
5. y = kx2 – 6kx + k2 + 6k – 9
= k(x2 – 6x) + k2 + 6k – 9
= k(x2 – 6x + 32 – 32) + k2 + 6k – 9
= k(x – 3)2 – 9k + k2 + 6k – 9
= k(x – 3)2 + k2 – 3k – 9
Since quadratic y has a maximum value, we have k < 0.
Maximum value of y = k2 – 3k – 9
k2 – 3k – 9 = 19
k2 – 3k – 28 = 0
k = –4 or 7 (rej.)

6. f(x) = 4x2 (5 – k)x – k

When f(x) = 0,
∆ = (5 – k)2 – 4(4)(–k)
= 25 – 10k + k2 + 16k
= k2 + 6k + 25
= k2 + 6k + 32 – 32 + 25
= (k + 3)2 + 16
≥ 16
>0
Thus, f(x) = 0 has distinct real roots.

7. f(x) = kx2 + (k – 3)x + 1 – k

When f(x) = 0,
∆ = (k – 3)2 – 4(k)(1 – k)
= k2 – 6k + 9 – 4k + 4k2
= 5k2 – 10k + 9
= 5(k2 – 2k + 12 – 12) + 9
= 5(k – 1)2 + 4
≥4
>0
Thus, f(x) = 0 has distinct real roots.