COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION - It is a process of exchanging – information, ideas, thoughts,
feelings, emotions through speech, signals, writing, and behavior.
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION decodin
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SENDER
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CHANNEL NOIS BARRIER
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THE SENDER
Is a person who makes the attempt to send a message which could be
spoken, written, in sign language, or nonverbal to another person or a
group of persons.
Message is a form of communication that conveys information or ideas from one
person or entity to another. It can be expressed in different ways, such as written text,
oral speech, images, signals, or gestures. The purpose of the message is to transmit
specific content and can be informative, persuasive, emotional, or any combination
thereof. MESSAGES play a crucial role in human interaction, whether in everyday
conversation, advertising, media, or in the transmission of knowledge and culture. The
clarity and effectiveness of the message are fundamental for successful
communication.
How the message is received is influenced by the following factors:
1. Clarity of the message
2. Alertness of the receiver
3. Complexity and length of the message
4. How the information is organized
THE CHANNEL - Is the medium through which the message travels.
THE RECEIVER
The person receiving a message.
He must interpret and understand the message.
THE FEEDBACK
Refers to the process of communicating how one feels about something
another person has done or said.
THE ENVIRONMENT
Refers to the circumstances in which messages are transmitted and
received.
In an environment of trust and confidence, messages are easily
transmitted even if these messages are controversial.
THE NOISE
Refers to anything that disrupts communication, including the attitude and
emotions of the receiver.
Verbal communication
It refers to the form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally.
Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing.
In verbal communication remember the acronym “KISS” (keep it short and
simple).
Verbal communication is divided into:
Oral communication
o In oral communication, spoken words are used.
o It includes face-to-face conversations, speech, telephonic conversation,
video, radio, television, voice over internet.
o Communication is influence by pitch, volume, speed and clarity of
speaking
Advantages – it brings quick feedback. In a face-to-face
conversation, by reading facial expression and body language one
can guess whether he/she should trust what’s being said or not.
Disadvantages – in face-to-face discussion, user is unable to
deeply think about what he is delivering, so this can be counted as a
fault.
Written communication
o In written communication, written signs or symbols are used to
communicate.
o In written communication, message can be transmitted via email, letetr,
report, memo etc.
o Written Communication is most common form of communication being
used in business.
Advantages – messages can be edited and revised. Written
communication provides record and backup. A written message
enable receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate
feedback.
Disadvantages – written communication doesn’t bring instant
feedback. It takes more time in composing a written message
compared to word-of-mouth and number of people struggles for
writing ability.
Nonverbal communication - is the sending or receiving of wordless messages. Such
as gesture, body language, posture, tone of voice or facial expressions, is called
nonverbal communication. nonverbal communication is all about the body language of
speaker. Nonverbal communication has the following three elements –
Appearance
Speaker – clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics
Surrounding – room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings
Body language – facial expressions, gestures, postures
Sounds – voice tone, volume, speech rate
Levels of communication
Intrapersonal communication is communication that occurs in your own
mind. It is the basis of your feelings, biases, prejudices, and beliefs. Examples
are when you make any kind of decision – what to eat or wear. When you think
about something – what you want to do on weekend or when you think about
another person.
Interpersonal communication is the communication between two people but
can involve more in informal conversations. Examples are when you are talking
to your friends. A teacher and student discussing a treatment. A manager and a
potential employee during an interview.
Small group communication is communication within formal or informal
groups or teams. It is group interaction that results in decision-making, problem
solving and discussion within an organization. Examples would be a group
planning a surprise birthday party for someone. A team working together on a
project.
One-to-group communication involves a speaker who seeks to inform,
persuade or motivate an audience. Examples are a teacher and a class of
students. A preacher and a congregation. A speaker and an assembly of people
in the auditorium.
Mass communication is the electronic or print transmission of messages to
the general public. Outlet called mass media include things like radio, television,
film, and printed materials designed to reach large audiences. A television
commercial. A magazine article. Hearing a song on the radio. Books,
newspapers, billboards. The key is that you are reaching a large amount of
people without it being face to face. Feedback is generally delayed with mass
communication.
Barriers of Communication
Physical barriers
Perceptual barriers
Emotional barriers
Cultural barriers
Language barriers
Gender barriers
Interpersonal barriers
How to overcome barriers of communication
Taking the receiver more seriously
Crystal clear message
Delivering messages skillfully
Focusing on the receiver
Using multiple channels to communicate instead of relying on one
channel
Ensuring appropriate feedback
Be aware of your own state of mind/emotions/attitude.
Tools of effective communication
Be brief
Manners
Using “I”
Be positive
Good listener
Spice up your words
Clarity
Pronunciation
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION CYCLE
MESSAGE encode SEND decode
INTERPRET
FEEDBAC
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