Fire Detection System
Abstract :
Fire accidents pose a major risk to human life and infrastructure, making early
detection crucial for disaster prevention. This project presents a fire detection
system using the Tiva C Series microcontroller and a flame sensor to detect
fire in real time and trigger an alert mechanism.
The system continuously monitors for the presence of fire using a flame sensor,
which detects infrared radiation emitted by flames. Upon detection, the Tiva C
microcontroller activates a buzzer and an LED alarm to notify users of a fire
hazard. Additionally, real-time data is displayed on the Serial Monitor for
monitoring purposes.
This system is an efficient, low-cost, and reliable fire detection solution that
can be implemented in homes, offices, industries, and warehouses. Future
enhancements may include GSM alerts, IoT-based monitoring, and
automatic fire suppression mechanisms.
Keywords: Fire Detection, Tiva C, Flame Sensor, Embedded Systems, Safety
System.
Introduction
Fire is one of the most dangerous hazards that can cause loss of lives and
property. Traditional fire detection systems rely on smoke or heat sensors,
which may have a delay in response. In contrast, a flame sensor-based system
provides faster detection by identifying infrared radiation emitted by flames,
making it highly effective in environments where early detection is critical.
In this project, we use a Tiva C Series microcontroller to process the flame
sensor data and trigger an alarm when a fire is detected. The system provides
real-time feedback through an LED indicator, buzzer, and Serial Monitor
output.
The main objectives of this project are:
To develop a fire detection system using Tiva C and a flame sensor
To provide an audible and visual alert upon fire detection
To ensure fast response and easy implementation
To explore future upgrades such as wireless notifications and IoT integration
Project Overview
This section provides a visual overview of the fire detection system. The image
above shows the complete setup with all components connected according to
the circuit design. The flame sensor is positioned to detect infrared radiation,
while the Tiva C microcontroller processes the input and controls the alarm
system.
The system is designed to be compact and easily installable in various
environments, from residential spaces to industrial settings. Its simple yet
effective design makes it accessible for both beginners and experienced
developers working with embedded systems.
Component Specification Function
Tiva C LaunchPad TM4C123GXL Microcontroller for processing sensor data
Flame Sensor Infrared-based Detects fire by sensing IR radiation
Generates sound alarm when fire is
Buzzer 5V Active Buzzer
detected
LED 5mm Red LED Provides a visual alert upon fire detection
Resistors 220Ω, 1kΩ Used for current limiting
Jumper Wires Male-to-Male Used for electrical connections
Power Supply 5V DC Powers the system
Working Principle
The fire detection system operates based on infrared radiation emitted by
flames. The flame sensor detects IR radiation and sends a signal to the Tiva C
microcontroller. The microcontroller then processes this data and, based on the
sensor’s output, determines whether a fire is present.
Step-by-Step Operation:
1. The flame sensor continuously scans for infrared (IR) radiation.
2. If a flame is detected, the sensor output goes LOW (0).
3. The Tiva C LaunchPad reads the sensor output and activates the
buzzer and LED.
4. The Serial Monitor displays a warning message: " Fire Detected!
Activating Alarm...".
5. If no fire is detected, the buzzer and LED remain off, and the Serial
Monitor prints "No Fire Detected.".
6. The system continuously monitors for any new fire occurrences.
Flame Sensor Pin Tiva C Pin
VCC 3.3V / 5V
GND GND
OUT PA2 (or any GPIO)
Buzzer Pin Tiva C Pin
Positive (+) PA3
Negative (-) GND
LED Pin Tiva C Pin
Anode (+) PA4
Cathode (-) GND
CODE :
#define FLAME_SENSOR_PIN 2
#define BUZZER_PIN 3
#define LED_PIN 4
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN, INPUT);
pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
Serial.println(" Fire Detector Initialized...");
}
void loop() {
int flameState = digitalRead(FLAME_SENSOR_PIN);
if (flameState == LOW)
{
Serial.println(" Fire Detected! Activating Alarm...");
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
}
else
{
Serial.println("No Fire Detected.");
digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
}
delay(500);
}
Conclusion :
The fire detection system using Tiva C and a flame sensor provides a
reliable, fast, and cost-effective solution for detecting fires at an early stage.
The system successfully monitors infrared radiation and activates an alarm
system (buzzer & LED) upon fire detection.
This project demonstrates how embedded systems can improve fire safety by
providing immediate alerts. The system can be further enhanced by integrating:
GSM or WiFi modules to send alerts via SMS or email.
IoT connectivity for remote fire monitoring.
Automatic fire suppression mechanisms such as water sprinklers.
By implementing this system in homes, factories, and commercial buildings,
fire hazards can be detected early, minimizing potential damage and improving
safety.
