Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
35 views4 pages

Unit 13 Notes

The document discusses the significance of carbon-containing compounds, particularly organic compounds, in everyday life and their essential roles in various industries and biological processes. It introduces the concept of homologous series, where related organic compounds differ by a -CH2- unit, and provides examples such as alkanes and alcohols. Additionally, it outlines general characteristics of homologous series, including shared functional groups and trends in physical properties.

Uploaded by

dgpnd.pcsir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
35 views4 pages

Unit 13 Notes

The document discusses the significance of carbon-containing compounds, particularly organic compounds, in everyday life and their essential roles in various industries and biological processes. It introduces the concept of homologous series, where related organic compounds differ by a -CH2- unit, and provides examples such as alkanes and alcohols. Additionally, it outlines general characteristics of homologous series, including shared functional groups and trends in physical properties.

Uploaded by

dgpnd.pcsir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Unit 13:

INTRODUCTION

The study of carbon-containing compounds and their properties is called The


carbon-containing ds such as carbon dioxide use they have However, low carbon
com organic substances. This is be play the partant role in the different properties
than organic compounds. Organic compounds play an important role in properties
than organic organic chemical products such as playes, soaps and deteretic living
beings, Industres, artificial sweeteners and the dresy we mostly dependents, paints,
glues, varnish of modern life. Furthermore, the energy we mostly depend on is
based mainly on organic materials found in coal, oil and natural gas. carbonates the
body of fibers,

From th

series.

Alkanes

any me

Ex

Writ

2 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

The Chemistry of carbon compounds pervades every aspect of our lives. We use
thousands of compounds every day. They are carrying out important chem
detailed study within bodies. Many of them are so vital that we cannot live without
them. A detailed study of organ bodies. Many of thes that carbon is their essential
Unit 13:

constituent in cocobipounds are also dis and halogens. They may also (rarely)
contain metal atoms. Organic compounds are also defined as the hydrocarbons and
their derivatives.

13.2 Homologous Series

There exists a close relationship between different organic compounds. This similarity in behavior has
made the study of millions of organic compounds easier. They can be classified into few families. A
series of related compounds in which any two adjacent molecules differ by -CH group is called
homologous series. For example, consider alkanes;

CH

Methane

CH-CH

Ethane

CH-CH-CH,

CH-CH2-CH2-CH, Butane

Note the difference between adjacent alkanes, they differ by the same unit

Propane
Unit 13:

e-g

-Ch₂- This means you can represent next member by simply adding -CH₂- unit. A series of related
compounds in which adjaceni member differ by -CH, is called a homologous series. Similarly alcohots
also forni hemologous series

CH-OH

Methanol

CH-CH, OH

Ethanol

eg:

CH, CH, CH, OH

Propanol

These compound also differ by the same unit -CH, All the classes of prganic compounds including
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, arboxylic acids etc. form homologas

series.
Unit 13:

13.2.1 General Characteristics of a Homologous Series

Each homologous series have some general characteristics

(i)

(ii)

The family members of a homologous series have the same functional group.

(ii)

The family members have same general formula

The adjacentiamily members differby a -CH-unit.

(iv)

The family members display a trend in their physical properties.

179

WE

You might also like