Aristotle's Model of Communication
1. What is the basic purpose of communication according to Aristotle's model?
a) Entertainment
b) Persuasion
c) Information sharing
d) Feedback
Answer: b) Persuasion
2. In Aristotle's model, who plays the most active role?
a) The audience
b) The speaker
c) The occasion
d) The speech
Answer: b) The speaker
3. Which element is NOT part of Aristotle's later-developed communication model?
a) Speaker
b) Speech
c) Feedback
d) Effect
Answer: c) Feedback
4. What is a key criticism of Aristotle's model?
a) It is too complex
b) It lacks a concept of feedback
c) It focuses too much on the audience
d) It includes noise
Answer: b) It lacks a concept of feedback
5. Which of the following is one of the three critical elements for a good communicator
in Aristotle's model?
a) Noise
b) Ethos
c) Channel
d) Receiver
Answer: b) Ethos
Lasswell's Model of Communication
6. In which year was Lasswell's model of communication crafted?
a) 1940
b) 1948
c) 1955
d) 1960
Answer: b) 1948
7. Which component of Lasswell's model refers to the medium of communication?
a) Who
b) Says what
c) In which channel
d) To whom
Answer: c) In which channel
8. What is the primary focus of Lasswell's model?
a) Feedback loops
b) Mass communication
c) Two-way interaction
d) Noise reduction
Answer: b) Mass communication
9. Which of the following is an advantage of Lasswell's model?
a) It accounts for feedback
b) It is easy to use with five steps
c) It is cyclical in nature
d) It includes noise
Answer: b) It is easy to use with five steps
10. What is a disadvantage of Lasswell's model?
a) It is too complicated
b) It does not account for noise
c) It is designed for small groups
d) It focuses on interpretation
Answer: b) It does not account for noise
Interactional Models and Osgood's Model
11. What key concept does the interactional model add to the linear model?
a) Noise
b) Feedback
c) Channel
d) Credibility
Answer: b) Feedback
12. According to the Osgood model, communication is:
a) Linear
b) Circular
c) One-way
d) Unequal
Answer: b) Circular
13. How many steps are required in communication according to the Osgood model?
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Five
Answer: b) Three (Encoding, Decoding, Interpretation)
14. What is "semantic noise" in the Osgood model?
a) Physical distractions
b) Misinterpretation due to values or beliefs
c) Technical interference
d) Lack of feedback
Answer: b) Misinterpretation due to values or beliefs
15. Which of the following is a benefit of the Osgood model?
a) It works well for mass communication
b) It explains cyclical feedback
c) It ignores interpretation
d) It assumes unequal communication
Answer: b) It explains cyclical feedback
General Questions Across Models
16. Which model of communication is NOT represented in graphical form?
a) Aristotle's model
b) Lasswell's model
c) Osgood's model
d) SMCR model
Answer: b) Lasswell's model
17. Which model is considered the oldest and simplest?
a) Lasswell's model
b) Osgood's model
c) Aristotle's model
d) Convergence model
Answer: c) Aristotle's model
18. What does "Pathos" refer to in Aristotle's model?
a) Logical flow
b) Credibility
c) Understanding the audience
d) Speech preparation
Answer: c) Understanding the audience
19. In Lasswell's model, "To Whom" refers to:
a) The sender
b) The message
c) The receiver
d) The effect
Answer: c) The receiver
20. Which model does NOT account for noise?
a) Aristotle's model
b) Osgood's model
c) Convergence model
d) Interactional model
Answer: a) Aristotle's model
Applications and Criticisms
21. What is an application of Aristotle's model in adult education?
a) Interactive discussions
b) Persuasion in inception meetings
c) Feedback analysis
d) Noise reduction
Answer: b) Persuasion in inception meetings
22. Why is Lasswell's model useful for mass communication?
a) It includes feedback
b) It articulates the concept of effect
c) It is cyclical
d) It focuses on face-to-face interaction
Answer: b) It articulates the concept of effect
23. What is a weakness of the Osgood model?
a) It does not recognize unequal communication
b) It ignores feedback
c) It is too simple
d) It works for mass communication
Answer: a) It does not recognize unequal communication
24. In the Osgood model, what does "decoding" involve?
a) Crafting the message
b) Interpreting the tone
c) Using reading or listening skills
d) Providing feedback
Answer: c) Using reading or listening skills
25. Which model views both participants as sender and receiver?
a) Aristotle's model
b) Lasswell's model
c) Osgood's model
d) Linear model
Answer: c) Osgood's model
Aristotle's Model of Communication
1. Aristotle's model of communication focuses primarily on persuasion.
True - The document states that "The basic purpose of communication according to
Aristotle is persuasion."
2. In Aristotle's model, the audience plays the most active role.
False - The model is speaker-centered, with the speaker being the only active
participant, while the audience is passive.
3. Aristotle's model includes the concept of feedback.
False - A key criticism of the model is that "There is no concept of feedback."
4. Ethos refers to the logical flow of the speech in Aristotle's model.
False - Ethos refers to the credibility of the communicator, while Logos refers to the
logical flow.
5. The Aristotle model is effective for interactive speaking situations.
False - The document notes that it "can only be used in public and not interactive
speaking."
Lasswell's Model of Communication
6. Lasswell's model was developed in 1948.
True - The document confirms it was "crafted by Harold D Lasswell in 1948."
7. Lasswell's model is represented in graphical form.
False - It "doesn’t involve a diagrammatic representation" and is presented in
question form.
8. The "In which channel" component of Lasswell's model refers to the medium of
communication.
True - The document defines "Which Channel" as "a medium through which the
message is carried."
9. Lasswell's model accounts for noise in the communication process.
False - A disadvantage is that "It doesn’t account for noise."
10. Lasswell's model is particularly useful for analyzing mass communication and
propaganda.
True - The document states it "has a specific usefulness for mass communication and
propaganda analysis."
Interactional Models and Osgood's Model
11. Interactional models of communication include the concept of feedback.
True - The document notes that "it adds the concept of feedback" to the linear model.
12. The Osgood model views communication as a linear process.
False - It emphasizes that "communication is circular and not linear."
13. In the Osgood model, both participants are considered senders and receivers.
True - "Each person is both a sender and receiver" in this model.
14. Semantic noise in the Osgood model refers to physical distractions like loud sounds.
False - Semantic noise is "misinterpretation of information" caused by "values,
beliefs, and background knowledge."
15. The Osgood model requires encoding, decoding, and interpretation as part of
communication.
True - The document lists these as the "three steps" required in communication.
General Questions Across Models
16. Aristotle's model is the oldest and simplest model of communication discussed.
True - It is described as "the oldest and simplest model of communication."
17. Lasswell's model is designed to handle two-way communication effectively.
False - It is a linear model and "doesn’t account for feedback," making it one-way.
18. Pathos in Aristotle's model involves understanding the audience’s emotions and needs.
True - Pathos is defined as "understanding the audience" and creating "emotional
bonds."
19. The Osgood model works well for explaining mass communication.
False - A disadvantage is that "It doesn’t work for mass communication."
20. Logos in Aristotle's model refers to the credibility of the speaker.
False - Logos is "the logical flow of the speech," while Ethos refers to credibility.
BERLO’s Model Multiple-Choice Questions (1-25)
1. What does SMCR stand for in Berlo's model of communication?
a) Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver
b) Source, Message, Channel, Receiver
c) Source, Medium, Communication, Receiver
d) Sender, Medium, Channel, Recipient
Answer: b) Source, Message, Channel, Receiver
Explanation: The document states "Full Name: Source-Message-Channel-Receiver
(SMCR) Model" on Page 1.
2. Who developed the SMCR model of communication?
a) Aristotle
b) Harold Lasswell
c) David K. Berlo
d) Wilbur Schramm
Answer: c) David K. Berlo
Explanation: Page 1 notes "Developed by: David K. Berlo in 1960."
3. In what year was the SMCR model developed?
a) 1948
b) 1955
c) 1960
d) 1970
Answer: c) 1960
Explanation: Page 1 confirms "Developed by: David K. Berlo in 1960."
4. Which of the following is NOT a key factor influencing the Source in Berlo's
model?
a) Communication Skills
b) Attitudes
c) Knowledge
d) Feedback
Answer: d) Feedback
Explanation: Page 2 lists "Communication Skills, Attitudes, Knowledge, Social
System, and Culture" as factors, but feedback is not included.
5. In the Message component, what does "Code" refer to?
a) The structure of the message
b) The system of symbols or language used
c) The tone and style of the message
d) The actual substance of the message
Answer: b) The system of symbols or language used
Explanation: Page 3 defines "Code: The system of symbols or language used (e.g.,
English, gestures)."
6. Which of the following is an example of a Media Channel in Berlo's model?
a) Sight
b) Hearing
c) Face-to-face
d) Touch
Answer: c) Face-to-face
Explanation: Page 3 lists "Media Channels: Face-to-face, written (letters, emails),
electronic (TV, radio, internet)," while sight, hearing, and touch are sensory channels.
7. What is the first step in the communication process according to the SMCR
model?
a) Transmission
b) Answer: c) Encoding
c) Encoding
d) Feedback
Answer: c) Encoding
Explanation: Page 4 states "1. Encoding: The source translates thoughts into a
message using a chosen code."
8. Which of the following is an application of the SMCR model in adult education?
a) Interactive group discussions
b) Training programs with workshops
c) Online forums for feedback
d) Peer-to-peer mentoring
Answer: b) Training programs with workshops
Explanation: Page 4 mentions "Training Programs: Trainers (source) design
messages (content) to teach skills, using channels like workshops or videos."
9. What is a limitation of the SMCR model mentioned in the document?
a) It is too complex for practical use
b) It includes too many components
c) It lacks feedback
d) It focuses only on verbal communication
Answer: c) It lacks feedback
Explanation: Page 4 lists "Linear Nature: Lacks feedback, assuming communication
is one-way" as a disadvantage.
10. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Berlo's SMCR model?
a) Comprehensive breakdown of communication components
b) Emphasis on communication skills
c) Inclusion of feedback mechanisms
d) Adaptability to various contexts
Answer: c) Inclusion of feedback mechanisms
Explanation: Page 4 does not list feedback as an advantage; instead, its absence is a
disadvantage.
11. Compared to Aristotle's model, Berlo's SMCR model:
a) Includes feedback
b) Expands to include message and channel
c) Is circular rather than linear
d) Focuses more on the receiver
Answer: b) Expands to include message and channel
Explanation: Page 5 states "Vs. Aristotle's Model: Berlo expands beyond speaker-
audience to include message and channel."
12. How does Berlo's model differ from Osgood's model?
a) Berlo's is linear, while Osgood's is circular
b) Berlo's includes feedback, Osgood's does not
c) Berlo's focuses on mass communication, Osgood's on interpersonal
d) Berlo's is more recent than Osgood's
Answer: a) Berlo's is linear, while Osgood's is circular
Explanation: Page 5 notes "Vs. Osgood's Model: Unlike Osgood's circular,
interactive approach, Berlo's is linear and one-directional."
13. In the practical example provided in the document, what is the channel used?
a) Face-to-face meeting
b) Telephone call
c) Email
d) Video conference
Answer: c) Email
Explanation: Page 5 describes "A manager (source) delivers a policy update
(message) via email (channel)."
14. Which factor influencing the Source relates to the sender's feelings toward the
message or audience?
a) Communication Skills
b) Attitudes
c) Knowledge
d) Culture
Answer: b) Attitudes
Explanation: Page 2 defines "Attitudes: The sender's feelings toward the message,
audience, or self."
15. In the Message component, what does "Treatment" refer to?
a) The actual substance of the message
b) The way the message is structured or presented
c) The system of symbols used
d) The organization of the message
Answer: b) The way the message is structured or presented
Explanation: Page 3 states "Treatment: The way the message is structured or
presented (tone, style, emphasis)."
16. Which of the following is NOT a sensory channel?
a) Sight
b) Hearing
c) Touch
d) Email
Answer: d) Email
Explanation: Page 3 lists "Sensory Channels: Sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste,"
while email is a media channel.
17. In the process of communication, what happens during decoding?
a) The source translates thoughts into a message
b) The message is sent through a channel
c) The receiver interprets the message
d) The outcome is evaluated
Answer: c) The receiver interprets the message
Explanation: Page 4 defines "3. Decoding: The receiver interprets the message based
on their skills, knowledge, and context."
18. What is emphasized in Berlo's model to ensure effective communication?
a) Feedback from the receiver
b) Alignment and compatibility of components
c) Use of multiple channels
d) Emotional intelligence of the source
Answer: b) Alignment and compatibility of components
Explanation: Page 1 states "Effective communication depends on the alignment and
compatibility of these components."
19. Which of the following is a disadvantage of the SMCR model?
a) It is too focused on interpersonal communication
b) It overlooks emotional complexities
c) It requires advanced technology
d) It is only applicable in educational settings
Answer: b) It overlooks emotional complexities
Explanation: Page 5 lists "Over-Simplification: May overlook emotional or
situational complexities in communication."
20. In the context of adult education, why is cultural sensitivity important in the
SMCR model?
a) To ensure the channel is appropriate
b) To make the message resonate with the receiver's background
c) To enhance the source's credibility
d) To provide feedback effectively
Answer: b) To make the message resonate with the receiver's background
Explanation: Page 4 notes "Cultural Sensitivity: Understanding the receiver's
cultural background ensures the message resonates."
21. Which component of the SMCR model is responsible for encoding the message?
a) Source
b) Message
c) Channel
d) Receiver
Answer: a) Source
Explanation: Page 4 states "Encoding: The source translates thoughts into a
message."
22. In the practical example, what determines the success of the communication?
a) The manager's speaking skills
b) The employees' understanding and following of the policy
c) The speed of the email delivery
d) The length of the message
Answer: b) The employees' understanding and following of the policy
Explanation: Page 5 states "Outcome: Success if employees understand and follow
the policy."
23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a key element of the Message?
a) Content
b) Elements
c) Feedback
d) Code
Answer: c) Feedback
Explanation: Page 2-3 lists "Content, Elements, Treatment, Structure, Code" but not
feedback.
24. Compared to Lasswell's model, Berlo's SMCR model adds:
a) Feedback mechanisms
b) Detailed factors like skills and culture
c) A circular communication process
d) Consideration of noise
Answer: b) Detailed factors like skills and culture
Explanation: Page 5 states "Vs. Lasswell's Model: Berlo's SMCR... adds detailed
factors like skills and culture."
25. What is the final step in the communication process according to the SMCR
model?
a) Encoding
b) Transmission
c) Decoding
d) Outcome
Answer: d) Outcome
Explanation: Page 4 lists "4. Outcome" as the final step, where successful
communication is achieved.
True or False Questions (26-30)
26. The Receiver in Berlo's model is influenced by the same factors as the Source.
True
Explanation: Page 3 states "Key Factors Influencing the Receiver (Mirror the
Source)," including communication skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, and
culture.
27. Berlo's SMCR model considers noise as a barrier to communication.
False
Explanation: Page 4 lists "No Noise Consideration: Ignores barriers (physical,
psychological, or semantic)" as a disadvantage.
28. The SMCR model assumes that the source and receiver must have similar skills
and knowledge for effective communication.
True
Explanation: Page 5 notes "Assumes Similarity: Suggests source and receiver must
have similar skills and knowledge."
29. Berlo's model is best suited for dynamic, two-way communication.
False
Explanation: Page 4 states "Static Model: Does not account for dynamic, two-way
interactions," and it is linear, not interactive.
30. Berlo's SMCR model is adaptable to various contexts, including advertising.
True
Explanation: Page 4 lists "Adaptable: Applicable to various contexts, from education
to advertising" as an advantage.
