1. A cantilever beam of length 2m fails when a load of 2KN is applied at the free end.
If the
section is 40mmx60mm, find the stress at the failure.
Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 2m or 2000mm
load at failure = 2KN
Section dimensions = 40mm X 60mm
Step 2: Calculation of moment of inertia
I = bd3/12
= (40) (603)/12
= 7.2X105 mm4
Step 3: Calculation of bending moment about fixed end
M = WL
= (2)(2)
= 4KN-m
Step 4:
Calculation of bending stress
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 60/2 = 30mm)
There fore
σ = 166.67N/mm2
2. A rectangular beam 200mm deep and 300mm wide is simply supported over the span of
8m. What uniformly distributed load per metre the beam may carry, if the bending stress
is not exceeded 120N/mm2.
Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 8m or 8000mm
Section dimensions = 300mm X 200mm
maximum bending stress = σ = 120N/mm2.
condition: uniformly distributed load for simply supported beam
Step 2: Calculation of bending moment for the above condition
M = wL2/8
= w (8)2/8
= 8wX106
step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia
I = bd3/12
= (300) (2003) /12
= 2X108 mm4
Step 4:
Calculation of Udl
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 200/2 =100mm)
8wX106 /2X108= 120 / 100
w =3X104 N/m or 30 N/mm
3. A beam is simply supported and carries a uniformly distributed load of 40KN/m run over
the whole span. The section of the beam is rectangular having depth as 500mm.If the
maximum stress in the material of the beam is 120N/mm2and moment of inertia of the
section is 7x108mm4, find the span of the beam.
Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Depth of beam = 500mm
maximum bending stress = σ = 120N/mm2.
moment of inertia =7x108mm4
Step 2: Calculation of bending moment for the above condition
M = wL2/8
= 40(L)2/8
= 5L2
Step 3: Calculation of length of beam
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 500/2 =250mm)
5L2 /7x108= 120 / 250
L=8197.56 mm
4. Calculate the maximum stress induced in a cast iron pipe of external diameter 40mm,
of internal diameter 20mm and length 4m when the pipe is supported at its ends and
carries a point load of 80N at its centre.
Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 4m or 4000mm
Internal diameter = 20mm
External diameter = 40mm
condition: point load for simply supported beam
Step 2:
Calculation of maximum bending moment
M= W L /4
M = 80 X 4000 /4
M = 80 KN-m
Step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia
I = π (D 4 –d 4)/64
I = π (40 4 –20 4)/64
I = 117809.7mm4
Step 4: Calculation of bending stress
M /I= σ / y
Substitute for above (where y = depth /2= 40/2 =20mm)
80X1000/117809.7 = σ / 20
σ = 13.58 N/mm2
5. Figure shows a C-clamp, which carries a load of 25 KN. The cross section of
the clamp is rectangular and the ratio of the width to thickness (b/t) is 2:1.
The clamp is made of cast iron of grade 20- 40 (Sut = 400 N/mm2) and the
factor of safety is 4. Determine the dimensions of the cross-section of the
clamp.
6. A rectangular beam 300mm deep is simply supported over a span of 4m. Determine the
uniformly distributed load per meter which the beam may carry, if the bending stress
should not exceed 120N/mm2.Take I=8x106mm4.
Solution:
Step 1: Data:
Length of beam = 4m or 4000mm
Depth of the beam = 300mm
maximum bending stress = σ =120N/mm2
condition: UDL for simply supported beam
I=8x106mm4
Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment
M= W L2 /8
M= W (4000)2 /8
M= 2 X106 W
Step 3: Calculation of UDL
M /I= σ / y
2 X106 W /8x106= 120 / 150
W = 3.2N/mm2
7. A square beam 20mmx20mm in section and 2m long is supported at the ends. The beam
fails when a point load of 400N is applied at the centre of the beam. What uniformly
distributed load per meter length will break a cantilever of the same material 40mm
wide,60mm deep and 3m long?
Solution:
Step 1: Data: case 1: point load application at centre of the beam
Length of beam = 2m or 2000mm
Cross section of the beam = 20mmx20mm
condition: simply supported beam
Step 2: Calculation of maximum bending moment
M= W L /4
M= (400) (2000) /4
M= 200x103
Step 3: Calculation of moment of inertia
I = bd3/12
= (20) (203)/12
= 13333.33mm4
Step 4: Calculation of bending stress
M /I= σ / y
2 X105 /13333.33= σ / 10
σ = 150N/mm2
Step 5: Case 2: calculation of magnitude of udl when dimensions of the beam is changed
Length of beam =3m or 3000mm
width of beam = 40mm
depth of beam = 60mm
condition: cantilever beam
Step 6: Calculation of maximum bending moment
M= W L2 /2
M= W (3000)2 /2
Step 7: Calculation of moment of inertia
I = bd3/12
= (40) (603) /12
= 72x104mm4
Step 8: Calculation of load
M /I= σ / y
W (3000)2 /2 /72x104= 150 / 30
W = 800N/m
8. A timber beam of rectangular section is to support a load of 20KN uniformly distributed
over a span of 3.6m when beam is simply supported. If the depth is to be twice the
breadth, and the stress in timber is not exceed 7N/mm2, find the dimensions of the cross
section. How could you modify the dimensions with 20KN of concentrated load is
present at centre with same breadth and depth ratio.
Step 1: case 1: when simply supported beam of length 3.6m carries UDL of 20KN and depth is
twice the width
We know that W = w L
= 20 X 1000X3.6
= 5.56N
Moment = WL/8
M = 5.56 X 1000X 3.6 /8
M = 2499.75 N-mm
Step 2: Calculation of cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
σ = 7N/mm2
M /I= σ / y
2499.75/(bd3/12) = 7/(d/2)
b = 8.12mm
d = 2b = 16.24mm
Step 3: Case 2: when simply supported beam of length 3.6m carries point load of 20KN and depth
is twice the width
Moment = WL/4
M = 20 X 106X 3.6 /4
M = 18X 106 N-mm
Step 4: Calculation of cross-sectional dimensions of the beam
σ = 7N/mm2
M /I= σ / y
18X 106 /(bd3/12) = 7/(d/2)
b = 156.82mm
d = 2b = 313.65mm
9. A rectangular column of size 240 mm × 150 mm is subjected to a eccentric vertical
load of 10 KN placed at 60 mm distance and bisecting 150 mm side. Determine the
bending stress.
10. A hollow circular steel column has external diameter 200 mm and internal diameter
is 150 mm carries a vertical load of 80 KN at an eccentricity of 50 mm. Calculate the
bending stress value.
11. The 20-mm diameter steel shaft (G = 75 GPa) is subjected to the torques
shown in figure. Determine the absolute value of the angle of twist at end B.
12. As shown in figure 2, the aluminum rod AB (G = 27 GPa) is bonded to the
brass rod (G = 39 GPa). Knowing that portion CD of the brass rod is hollow
and has an inner diameter of 40 mm, determine the angle of twist at end A.
13. For the beam and loading shown in the figure, use the double-integration
method to calculate the deflection at point B. Assume that EI is constant for
the beam.
14. For the cantilever steel beam (E = 200 GPa, I = 120×106 mm4) shown in the
figure, use the double-integration method to determine the deflection at point
A. Assume that L = 2.5 m, P = 40 kN, and w = 30 kN/m.
15. A steel shaft 35 mm in diameter and 1.2 m long held rigidly at one end has a
hand wheel 500 mm in diameter keyed to the other end. The modulus of
rigidity of steel is 80 GPa.
• What load applied to tangent to the rim of the wheel produce a torsional shear
of 60 MPa?
• How many degrees will the wheel turn when this load is applied?
16. A hollow shaft is required to transmit 600 kW at 110 RPM, the maximum
torque being 20% greater than the mean. The shear stress is not to exceed
63 MPa and twist in a length of 3 meters not to exceed 1.4 degrees. Find the
external diameter of the shaft, if the internal diameter to the external diameter
is 3/8. Take modulus of rigidity as 84 GPa.
17. The load on a bolt consists of an axial pull of 10 kN together with a
transverse shear force of 5 kN. Take permissible tensile stress at elastic
limit = 100 MPa and Poisson’s Ratio = 0.3. Find the diameter of bolt required
according to-
▪ Rankine’s Theory
▪ Guest & Tresca’s Theory
▪ St. Venants Theory
▪ Beltrami or Haighs Theory
▪ Von Misses Theory
