PRACT ICE PAPER 03 (2024-25)

CHAPTER 03 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS MAX. MARKS : 40
CLASS : XI DURATION : 1h hrs
General Instructions:
(). All questions are compulsory.
(i). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, Dand E.
(ii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark cach. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks cach. Section D comprises of l question of 5
marks cach and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks cach.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted
SECTION-A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. A current of 0.8 A flows in a conductor of 40 W for Iminute. The heat produced in the
conductor will be
(a) 1445 J (b) 1536J (c) 1569I (d) 1640 J
Ans: (b) 1536 J
By Joule's law of heating, H = IRt
H= (0.8)2 (40) (60) = 1536 J
2. In the figure given below, both switches Si and S are closed. Then
40 W, 200 V
100 W, 200 V
S,
L.

S 100 w, 200 V

200 V
(a) LËwill be brighter than L¡ or Ls. (b) LË will be dimmer than L; or L3.
(c) LË will be as bright as L2 or L3. (d) none of the above.
Ans: (a) Li will be brighter than L or Ls.
3. Power P, is dissipated through a series combination and power P, is dissipated through the
parallel combination of 3 equal resistors. The ratio of P, to P, is
(a) 9 (b) 1/9 (c) 1 (d) 6
Ans: (a) 9
Equivalent R, 3r
Power dissipated by battery of voltage Vin series combination is P,= 3r

Equivalent R, =
3

Power dissipated by battery of voltage Vin parallel combination is P, =

4. In the circuit given below PRand the reading of the galvanometer same with switch S open
or closed. Then:

(a) lÍ = IR (b) IR= lG (c) Ip= lG (d) lÍ = l

Ans: (d) lÍ = lc
5. When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor at temperature T, the drift velocity
of the electrons is proportional to:
(a) T (b) VT (c) V
Ans: (c) V

6. The resistances of two wires having same length and same arca of cross-section are 2 2 and 8 2
respectively. If the resistivity of 22 wire is 2.65 x 10*2-m then the resistivity of 82 wire is:
(a) 10.60x 10* 2-m (b) 8.32 x 10*2-m
(c) 7.61 x 10% Q-m (d) 5.45 x 10* Q-m
Ans: (a) l0.60 x 102-m
7. Two wires A and B, of the same material having length in the ratiol:2 and diameter in the
ratio 2:3 are connected in series with a battery. The ratio of the potential differences (VA /VB)
across the two wires respectively is:
(a) 1/3 (b) 3/4 (c) 4/5 (d) 9/8
Ans: (d) 9/8

8. The given figure shows I -V graph of acopper wire whose length and arca of cross-section are
L and A respectively. The slope of this curve becomes:

(a) less if the length of the wire is increased.

(b) more if the length of the wire is increased.
(c) more if a wire of steel of same dimension is used.
(d) more if the temperature of wire is increased.
Ans: (a) less if the length of the wire is increased.

In the following questions 9 and 10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason
(R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the coTrect explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
9. Assertion (A): Kirchhoffs junction rule is vaild for only three number of lines meeting at a
point in an electrical circuit.
Reason (R): When there is a flow of varying current, then there is no accumulation of charge at
the junction.
Ans. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

10. Assertion (A): When a resistance of given material is cut into half, its resistance reduces to half
of its original value.
Reason (R): The resistivity of a conductor changes with dimensions, temperature and material of
conductor.
Ans. (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

SECTION-B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.
11. Calculate the resistance across the points Mand Nin the given figure.
Mo
A

R
Ans: In this case, points A and Nare at same potential, but points M and B are at different
potentials. The above circuit can therefore be redrawn.
R, R
Ry R AorN
M
ReR

R and R, are in parallel

RXR RXR_ R_ R
Ry = R+R, R+R 2R 2
: Ry and R, are in series
Rzs4 = Ry + R, =+R 9
:Ryy and R, are in parallel, so equivalent resistance is calculated as
3R?
Rays4 XR 2 2 3R
Ra Rst
3R+R
2
5R

12. Wheatstone bridge method is considered unsuitable for the measurement of very low resistances.
Why?
Ans. (i) For measuring a low resistance, all other resistances used should have
alow value to ensure the sensitivity of the bridge.
(ii) A galvanometer of very low resistance is required which of course be very insensitive.
(iii) The end resistances and the resistances of connecting wire become comparable to the
resistance being measured.
Allthese factors introduce an error in the result.

13. A cell of emfE' and internal resistance 'r' is connected across a variable resistor "R'. Plot a
graph showing variation of terminal voltage V' of the cell versus the current I. Using the plot,
show how the emf of the cell and its internal resistance can be determined.
Ans. The terminal voltage 'V of the cell is given by: V = E- Ir
where, E is the emfof the cell, r is the internal resistance of the cell and, I is the current through
the circuit.
 Comparing with the equation of a straight line: y = mx + c,
we get, y= V;x= I; m=-r;c=E
Graph showing variation of terminal voltage V' of the cell versus the current I.

E
V
(Terminal
voltoge) slope =r

I(Current) >
Emf of the cell = Intercept on V axis.
Internal resistance =slope of the line.
14. Explain the term 'drift velocity' of clectrons in a conductor. Hence obtain the expression for the
current through a conductor in terms of drift velocity'.
Ans. Drift velocity is defined as the average velocity with which free electrons in a conductor get
drifted in a direction opposite to the direction of the applicd electric field.
Consider a conductor of lengthl, area of cross-section Aand having number density of free
electrons n.

On establishing the potential difference across the conductor, suppose the electrons drift from
lower potential to higher potential side with velocity v,. The volume of the conductor covered
by an clectron in unit time is
V= vaA ...()
| Volume = Al andl=yx, =18 = v)
Electrons occupying the volume in unit time is
N= vaA ..(ii)
Thus, the charge flow through any cross-section of the conductor in unit time is
q= envuA ...(iii)
According to the definition, the electric current is the rate of flow of charge through any cross
section of the conductor. Hence,
(=ls)
|= envA ...(iv)

SECTION-C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

15. (a) Define the term 'conductivity' ofa metallic wire. Write its SI unit.
(b) Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity
of a wire in terms of number density and relaxation time. Hence, obtain the relation between
current density and the applied electric field
Ans. (a) Conductivity of a metallic wire is defined as its ability to allow electric charges or heat
to pass through it. Numerically, conductivity of a material is reciprocal of its resistivity.
unit: oh m' m' or mho m' or Siemen m
(b) Consider a potential difference V be applied across a conductor of length l and cross section
A.
Electric field inside the conductor, E = V/I.
Due to the external field the free electrons inside the conductor drift with velocity va.
 Let, number of electrons per unit volume = n, charge on an electron = e
Total electrons in length, I= nAl and, total charge, q = neAI

And current, /=I= neAl1 =neÂv,

Therefore, current per unit area, i.e., current density, J = nev

>J=nel ’J=oE

which is the required expression.

16. Two hcating elements of resistances RË and R2 when operated at a constant supply of voltage, V,
consume powers P1 and P2 respectively. Deduce the expressions for the power of their
combination when they are, in turn, connected in (i) series and (ii) parallel across the same
voltage supply.
Ans. We know P=
R
() When resistors are connected in series, cquivalent resistance is given by
R, R+ R
Power consumed is given by

P, =
R, R+ R
As

P,= or
e+P,) R+,
(ii) When resistors are connected in parallel, then
P = ... ()
Rp
Here,
Rp R R P+P
Substituting in equation (i),
we get Pp =P, +P,

17. A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 2 is connected to a 4 2 resistor as shown in the
figure.
 (a) Show that a voltmeter when placed across the cell and across the resistor, in turn, gives the
same reading.
(b) To record the voltage and the current in the circuit, why is voltmeter placed in parallel and
ammeter in series in the circuit?

12V, 22
42
A
Ans. (a) Effective resistance of the circuit RE = 6W
: |=12/6=2 A
Terminal potential difference across the cell can be calculated as,
V=E-r= 12 -2 x2
’V= 12-4 =8 V
Also, potential difference across 4 VW resistor can be calculated as,
V= IR =2 x4= 8V.
So, a voltmeter when placed across the cell and across the resistor, gives the same reading.
(b) An ammeter is connected in series because it has very low resistance. So, when, an ammeter
is connected in series, then there is not much increase in the resistance of the circuit and hence
the current through the circuit unchanged.

SECTION-D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

18. (a) State Kirchhoff's law for an electrical network. Using Kirchhoff 's rules, obtain the balance
condition in terms of the resistances of four arnms of wheatstone bridge.
(b)Using Kirchhoffs laws, calculate the current flowing through 4 2, 12, and 2 2 resistors in
the circuit shown.

$22
10 V
6V
S
Ans. Kirchhoff 's rules:
Kirchhoffs first law (junction rule)- In an electrical circuit , the algebraic sum of currents
meeting at ajunction,is always zero.
Kirchhoff's second rule (loop rule) -In any closed mesh of an electrical circuit, the algebraic
sum of the e.m.fs. is equal to the algebraic sum of products of resistances and current flowing
through them.
Let us consider a wheatstone bridge.
Take loop ABDA,
P(i - i) + Xi, - Ri=0 ...()
 B i-i-4

Take loop BCDB

Oi-i-is) - S(ii + is) - Xiy= 0
Qi-i)- Qis-Si -(S+ )i =0 ...(iü)
When the point B and D are at same potential, the bridge is said to be balanced.
As in balanced state, is=0, from equations()and (ii), we get
P(i - i) = Rii
Di-i)= Si

(b) By using Kirchhoff's second law for closed-loop POS we get

4l|+ 21;+ 10 = 0
’ 4l|- 21 = 10

,+1,

22

10

By using Kirchhofs second law for closed loop QRS we get

- (l, + l2)1 +6-2l: = 0
’I+31;=6...(i)
solving (i) and (ii), we get 7I, = 21
’l|=3 A
}=|A
I+I;= 3 + | =4 A
Therefore, the current across 4 2 resistor is 3 A, across 2 2 resistor is 1 A, and across 1 2
resistor is 4 A.

SECTION-E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. Heat produced by electric Current
Whenever an electric current is passed through a conductor, it becomes hot after some time. The
phenomenon of the production of heat in a resistor by the flow of an electric curent through it is
called heating effect of current or Joule heating. Thus, the electrical energy supplied by the
source of emf is converted into heat. In purely resistive circuit, the energy expended by the
source entirely appears as heat. But if the circuit has an active element like a motor, then a part
of the energy supplied by the source goes to do useful work and the rest appears as heat. Joule's
law of heating form the basis of various electrical appliances such as electric bulb, electric
furnace, electric press etc.
 I A R B

(i) Which of the following is a correct statement?

(a) Heat produced in a conductor is independent of the current flowing.
(b) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the current flowing.
(c) Heat produced in a conductor varies directly as the square of the current flowing.
(d) Heat produced in a conductor varies inverscly as the square of the current flowing.
(ii)If the coil of a heater is cut to half, what would happen to heat produced?
(a) Doubled (b) Halved (c) Remains same (d) Becomes four times

(iii) A 2S W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains. Which bulbs will glow
brighter?
(a) 100 W (b) 25 W (c) both bulbs will glow brighter (d) none will glow brighter
OR
(iv) A rigid container with thermally insulated wall contains a coil of resistance 100 W, carrying
current 1A. Change in its internal energy after 5 min will be
(a) OkJ (b) 10 kJ (c) 20 kJ (d) 30 kJ
(v) The heat emitted by a bulb of 100 W in 1 min is
(a) 100 J(b) 1000J (c) 600J(d) 6000 J
Ans. (i) (c) According to Joule's law of heating, Heat produced in a conductor, H = 1PRt
where, I = Current flowing through the conductor
R=Resistance of the conductor
t= Time for which current flows through the conductor.

(ii) (a): If the coil is cut into half, its resistance is also halved.

H=»H'=2
(iii) (b): P=V'/R or R= VP
The bulbs are joined in series. Current in both the bulbs will same.
: The heat produced in them is given by H = IRt or H«RH« I/P
Therefore, the bulb with low wattage or high resistance will glow brighter or we can say the 25
W bulb will glow brighter than the 100 W bulb.
OR
(iv)(d): R=100 W; I= 1A; t=5 min. = 5 x 60 = 300 s
change in internal energy = heat generated in coil = IRt = ((| x 100 x 300) J = 30000 J = 30
kJ

(v) (d): Here, P = 100 W, t =| min =60 s

Heat developed in time t, H =Pxt=(100 W)\60 s) = 6000 J
20. When a conductor does not have a current through it, its conduction electrons move randomly,
with no net motion in any direction. When the current flows through the conductor, these
electrons actually still move randomly, but now they tend to drift with the drift speed va. The
drift speed is very less as compared to speeds in random thermal motion.
(i) A steady current I flows through a metallic conductor whose area of cross-section (A)
increases continuously from one end to the other. The drift velocity of free electron (va) as a
function of A will be:
Vat

A A
(a) (b) (c) (d)

(ii) For Ohm's law is obeyed, then what is the relation between electric field(E) and drift velocity
(vd)?
(a) va oc E'
(b) va < E

(c) va 0x 2

(d) va c VE

(iii) When a current flows ina conductor, the order of magnitude of drift velocity of electrons
through it is
(a) 107 cm/s
(b) 10 cm/s
(c) 10" mm/s
(d) 0.5 mm/s

(iv) Two nichrome wires of equal lengths but having radii in the ratio 1:3 are connected in
series across an electric cell. The drift velocities of free electrons through them will be in the
ratio of
(a) 3:1
(b) 1:3
(c) 4:9
(d) 9:1
Ans.
() (c) Reason: I= neAV

() () Reason:
m

(t#) (6)