Subjective Questions __ % Very Short Answer Type Questions variation of potential oF thee ent curren i shown nhac difference across a cells in series, versus : What is the emf and internal resistance of each cell? + Two wires of the same material and the same radius have their lengths in the ratio 2:3. They are connected 1 parallel to a battery which supplies a current of 15 A. Find the current through the wires case 2025 or In the circuit three ideal cells of emf V, Vand 2V are connected to @ resistor of resistance R. capacitor of capacitance © and another resistor of resistance 2R as shown in figure. In the steady state find (i) the potential difference between P and ( and (1i) pote across capacitor € 3. How does the mobility of electrons in 4 conductor change. i the potential difference applied across the conductor is doubled keeping the lengeh and temperature of the conductor constant? aia 2088 tied across the ends of ff the electrons Doth 2035, 4, When a potential difference is app! 4 conductor, how isthe deift velocity > related to the relaxation time? é at two differen LY graph for a metalic wine a to dHETETE 5. temperatures T, and T, 1898 sho OE ge Which of the two temperatures 6. A potential difference (V) is applied across 2 conductor of length L and cross-sectional area A. How wil the drift velocity of electrons and the current density be affected, if another identical conductor of ‘Same material were connected in series with the first conductor? Justify your answers. 7. Explain the statement temperature coefficient of resistance of metal is 4x 107 / °C. 8. The relaxation time tis nearly independent of applied field E whereas it changes significantly with temperat: T. First fact is (in part) responsible for Ohm's law whereas the second fact leads to variation of p with temperature. Elaborate why? 9. What is the advantage of using thick metallic strips 1 join wires in a potentiometer? v4 Short Answer Type Questions 20. What are the advantages of the aull-point method in. Wheatstone bridge? What additional measurements would be required to calculate R sassoun BY any other method? eeen figure shows a plot of current versus voltage for Bn . different materials Pand Q. * ° Which of the two materials satisfies Ohm’s law? Explain, 42, Two cells of same emf E but internal resistances, andr, are viele connected in series to an external resistor R (see figure). ‘What should be the value of R, so that the potential difference actoss the terminals of the first cell becomes zero? 43. (i) Acell of emf E and internal resistance ris connected with a variable external resistance R and a voltmeter showing potential drop V across R. Obtain the relationship between V, E, Rand r, iron) i) Draw the shape of the graph showing the variation of terminal voltage V of the cell as a function of current I drawn from it. How one can determine the emf of the cell and its internal resistance from this graph? SBE 2025 [1% A wire of resistivity p is stretched to three times its length. What will be its new resistivity? rr (i) In what manner does the relaxation time in the good conductor change when its temperature increases? @ m 15. A metal rod of square cross-sectional area A having length /has current I flowing through it when a potential difference of V volt is applied across its ends (Fig. 1). Now, the rod is cut parallel to its length into two identical pieces and joined as shown in Fig. II. What Potential difference must be maintained across the length of 2, so that the current in the rod is stil? ‘ 11 1 oO a 16. (i) Define resistivity of a conductor. Discuss its dependence on temperature of the conductor and draw a plot of resistivity of copper as a function o! temperature, i (ii) (@) A low voltage battery from which high current is required must have low internal resistance. Justify. (b) A high voltage battery must have a large internal resistance. Justify. 88 2025 (1%4) 17. Write the expression for the resistivity of a metallic conductor showing its variation over a limited range of temperatures. 18. (i) Car batteries are often rated in unit ampere hours, Does this unit designate the amount of current, energy, power or charge that can be drawn from the battery? Explain, ia) (ii) Is there some net field inside the cell, when the Circuit is closed and a steady current passes through it? Explain. rey 19. The radius of a conducting wire AB uniformly decreases from its one end A to another end B. It is connected across a battery. How will (i) electric field, (ii) current density, and (iii) mobility of electrons change from end Ato end B? Justify your answer in each case. ‘ease 20240 A wire of length L,, has a resistance Ry. Itis gradually stretched till its length becomes 2L,, ‘oBse 2020 (i) Plot a graph showing variation of its resistance R x S with its length L during stretching. a (Gi) What will be its resistance when its length becomes 2L,? iy) 24. A wire of length L, has a resistance R,. It is gradually stretched til its length becomes 1.5 L,, (i) Plot a graph showing variation of its resistance R with its length L during stretching. rc (Gi) What will be its resistance when its length becomes 15L,? a 22. A potential difference V is applied across a conductor of length | and cross-sectional area A. Briefly explain how the current density Jin the conductor will be affected if ‘eBsE 2023 (8 the potential difference V is doubled. ta) (Gi) the conductor were gradually stretched to reduce its éross-sectional area to and then the same potential difference V is applied across it. a 23. Find the currents flowing through the branches AB and BC in the network shown, A $2 8 59 ¢ case 2024ne ¥% Long Answer Type Questions 24, Find the current in branch BM in the network sSone, Aw 6 cM OR E fates 28 bp 7 é third unknown resistor R, is added in series in cirgy, eee ae 1 and in parallel in circuit 2 ‘Competency Based gu, (i) Does the curcent in the battery inerease, decreas, remain the same in each of the two circuits? Give conductor is decreased at constant potential feason for your answer. a difference and (b) applied potential difference is (i) Does the terminal voltage of the battery increase doubled at constant temperature. oe 0 decrease or remain the same in each of the two (ii) At transition temperature, what happens to the ‘ireuits? Give a reason for your answer. ty resistivity and conductivity of superconductor! (2199) 1 ay electric circuit shown, a network of resistors 26, (i) A cell ofemf (E) and internal resistance (Fs connected across a cell of emf 2V and internal resistang. ‘connected across a variable load resistance (R). 05a Draw plots showing the variation of terminal voltage V with (2) R and (b) the current (/) in the load (a (ii) Three cells each of emf E but internal resistances 2r, Grand 6+ are connected in parallel across a resistor R. Obtain expressions for (a) current flowing in the circuit and (b) the terminal potential difference 25, (i) Explain how electron mobility changes for a good conductor, when (a) the temperature of the 2v osa across the equivalent cell. (¢8Se 2023 (2%) 27. In the given network, calculate (i) What is the total current drawn from the battery by (i) effective resistance between points A and M. 12% the circuit? a (ii) power supplied by the battery. (CBSE 2024 [2%] (ii) What is the power consumed by the circuit from the battery? Competency Based Que. [2 30. (i) Deduce the relation between current / flowing through a conductor and drift velocity v, of the electrons, o (ii) Figure shows a plot of current I flowing through the cross-section of a wire versus the time f. Use the plot to find the charge flowing in, second through the TIA) . b 28. Given two resistors R, and R, are connected in series in circuit 1 and in parallel in circuit 2 across identical aly batteries of terminal voltage V with some internal | eneeaty resistance. stan: Gre“avarable resistor Ris connected ‘nd internal resistance r, (i) Draw the circuit diagram, 2 iu) Plt the graph showing variation of potent, (0 cross Ras function of R. erent ACTOSS a cell of emf E 2) Gi) At what value of R, current in circuit will be : ‘maximum? ta) 432. (i) Show on a plot, variation of re sistivity of (a) conductor and (b) a typical semicondctcne function of temperature, : (i) Using the expression for the umber density and relaxation time betwen colsions, (a) explain how resistivity in the ene a conductor increases (b) while it decreases in semiconductor, with the rise of temperature C8SEZ0x9 (3) Potential difference ofa I the terminal potential an its em? cy resistivity in terms of 33. What do you mean by terminal cell? Under what conditions wil difference ofa cell be greater th 34, (j) The emf of a cell is always greater than its terminal voltage. Why? Give reason. i (ii) Plota graph showing the variation of terminal potential difference across a cell of emf Eand internal resistance r with current drawn from it. Using this graph, how does one determine the emf of the cell? 2) (iii) Three cells of emf E, 2E and SE having internal Lt oa resistances r, 2r and 31, variable resistance R as, shown in the figure. Find the expression for the current. Plot a graph for variation of current with R. 1 35, Which type of combination of cells is used in the following three cases? (i) Ifthe external resistance is much larger than the total internal resistance? @ (ii) Ifthe external resistance is much smaller than the total internal resistance? cy (ii) IFthe external resistance is equal to the total internal resistance? cy 36. (i) Explain the term drift velocity of electrons in a conductor. Hence, obtain the expression for the current through a conductor in terms of drift velocity. roy (ti) Two cells of emfs £, and £, and internal resistances rand r, respectively, are connected in parallel as shown in the figure. Deduce the expression for the a} (a) equivalent emf of the combination (b) equivalent internal resistance of the combination (©) potential difference between the points A and B. a Eun ao Ente ‘37. With the help ofa suitable diagram, explain in brief about the sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge? 38. Two cells of voltages 10V and a 2V and internal resistances 10. -———-"”"*—— and 502 respectively, are y connected in parallel with the a Positive end of 10V battery [1 ——we connected to negative pole of 2V battery (figure). Find the tov effective voltage and effective —j,!* we resistance of the combination. NCERT Exemplar 39. (i) Consider circuit in igure. How much energy is absorbed by electrons from the initial state of no current (Ignore thermal motion) to the state of drift velocity ? 8 Rae —: | {ij olla rales (ii) Electrons give up energy at the rate of RI? per second to the thermal energy. What time scale is associated with the power loss for the energy calculated in problem (i)? n= number of electron/volume= 10 / m?. Length of circuit =10.cm, cross-section: =1mm a 40. (a) Write two limitations of Ohm’s law. Plot their I-V characteristics a (b) A heating element connected across a battery of 100 V having an internal resistance of 19 draws an initial current of 10 A at room temperature 20.0 °C which settles after a few seconds toa steady value ‘What is the power consumed by battery itself after the steady temperature of 320.0°C is attained?Temperature coefficient of resistance averaged over '¢ temperature range involved is 370% 10 °C"!. ja] Or (a) sing chet laws obtain the equation ofthe a eatstone bridge a (©) A wire of uniform cross-section and resistance of 12.Q%is bent in the shape of circle as shown in the figure. A resistance of 10 Qis connected to diametrically opposite ends Cand D. A battery of ‘emf BV is connected between A and B. Determine the current flowing through arm AD. QP 202425 (31 44. Define relaxation time of the free electrons drifting in a conductor. How is it related to the drift velocity of free electrons? Use this relation to deduce the expression for the electrical resistivity of the material Diksha ® Numerical Problems Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity 42. A wire of 200 resistance is gradually stretched to double its original length. Itis then cut into two equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel across a 4.0 V battery. Find the current drawn from the battery. 43. A negligible small current is passed through a wire of Jength 30 m and uniform cross-section 6x 10~’m? and its resistance is measured to be 10. What is the resistivity of the material atthe temperature of the experiment? Mobility 44, A semiconductor has electron concentration 0.45% 10"* m™ and hole concentration 5x 10” m~ Find its conductivity. (Given, electron mobility 1.135 m?/Vs, hole mobility = 0.048 m? / Vsand e=1.6x 10°C) Cells, EMF and Internal Resistance 45. A storage battery is of emf 8 V and internal resistance 0502 is being charged by DC supply of 120 V using a resistor of 155Q. (i) Draw the circuit diagram. (i) Calculate the potential difference across the battey (ii) What is the purpose of having series resistance jg this circuit? 46, When two identical batteries of internal resistance 1g, each are connected in Series across a resistor R, the rate of heat produced is H,. When the same batteries are connected in parallel across R.the rate of heat produce re tH, 25H, then what willbe the value of R? 47. Write any two factors on which internal resistance of | cell depends. The reading on a high resistance voltmeter y= | when a cell is connected across it is 2.2 V. When the terminals of the cell are also connected toa resistance of 5 as shown in the figure, the voltmeter reading drops to 1.8 V. Find the internal resistance of the cell 48. The emf of a battery is 2 V and its internal resistance ig 2 Its potential difference is measured by a voltmeter of resistance 998 2. Calculate the percentage error inthe reading of emf shown by the voltmeter. Kirchhoff’s Law 49. Using Kirchhoff’s rules, calculate the current through the 40.2 and 200 resistors in the following circuit, sov a Resa ik eG Ton Wheatstone Bridge 50. For what value of unknown resistance y, the potential difference between A and Bis zero in the arrangement as shown in figure given below?