STRUCTURED AND OBJECT
ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT -1
OPERATOR OVERLOADING
NAME – KHUSHI SRIVASTAVA
REG NO. - 24BKT0040
OPERATOR OVERLOADING IN C++
Introduction
Operator overloading is a powerful feature in C++ that allows developers to redefine the behavior of
operators for user-defined data types. By overloading operators, objects of custom classes can be
manipulated using intuitive syntax, similar to built-in data types. This enhances code readability and
maintainability.
Rules for Operator Overloading
1. Only existing operators can be overloaded. New operators cannot be created.
2. Some operators like (scope resolution) ::, .(dot),*, ., and sizeof cannot be
overloaded.
3. At least one operand in the overloaded operator must be a user-defined type (class or
structure).
4. Overloaded operators follow the original precedence and associativity.
Types of Operators and Their Overloading
C++ supports different types of operators that can be overloaded. The main categories
include:
1. Arithmetic Operators
These operators perform mathematical operations on operands. They can be overloaded to
perform arithmetic operations on objects of a class.
• + (Addition)
• - (Subtraction)
• * (Multiplication)
• / (Division)
• % (Modulus)
2. Comparison (Relational) Operators
These operators compare two values and return true or false. Overloading them allows
object comparisons.
• == (Equal to)
• != (Not equal to)
• < (Less than)
• > (Greater than)
• <= (Less than or equal to)
• >= (Greater than or equal to)
3. Assignment Operators
These operators assign values to variables. Overloading them allows custom behavior when
objects are assigned.
• = (Assignment)
• += (Add and assign)
• -= (Subtract and assign)
• *= (Multiply and assign)
• /= (Divide and assign)
4. Unary Operators
Unary operators operate on a single operand. They can be overloaded to modify object
behavior.
• ! (Logical NOT)
• & (Address-of)
• * (Dereference)
• ++ (Increment - pre and post)
• -- (Decrement - pre and post)
5. Bitwise Operators
These operators perform bitwise operations on operands and can be overloaded for objects
representing binary data.
• & (Bitwise AND)
• | (Bitwise OR)
• ^ (Bitwise XOR)
• ~ (Bitwise Complement)
• << (Left shift)
• >> (Right shift)
6. Logical Operators
These operators are used for logical operations and can be overloaded for custom logical
behavior in objects.
• && (Logical AND)
• || (Logical OR)
• ! (Logical NOT)
7. Other Operators
These are special-purpose operators that can be overloaded for advanced functionality.
• [] (Array subscript) – Allows objects to be accessed like an array.
• () (Function call) – Allows objects to be called like functions.
• -> (Member access) – Used to access members of a class via pointers.
• , (Comma) – Defines behavior for comma-separated expressions.
• new and delete – Custom memory allocation and deallocation.
List of Operators Used with Descriptions
1. Arithmetic Operators
These operators perform mathematical operations.
• * (Multiplication): Multiplies two Number objects.
• / (Division): Divides one Number object by another.
2. Comparison Operators
These operators compare two objects and return a boolean result (true or false).
• == (Equal to): Checks if the values of two Number objects are equal.
• != (Not equal to): Checks if the values of two Number objects are not equal.
3. Assignment Operators
These operators assign a value to a variable with an operation.
• += (Add and assign): Adds and assigns the value of one object to another.
• -= (Subtract and assign): Subtracts and assigns the value of one object from another.
4. Unary Operators
These operate on a single operand and return a new value.
• ++ (Post-Increment): Increments the value of the object (used after the object).
• -- (Post-Decrement): Decrements the value of the object (used after the object).
5. Other Operators
These are special-purpose operators that add versatility to the class.
• [] (Array Subscript Operator): Returns the value plus an index. Simulates array-like
behavior.
• () (Function Call Operator): Allows the object to be called like a function. Prints the
current value.
1. ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Question 1: Write a program to overload the * operator to multiply two objects of a class Number.
Question 2: Write a program to overload the / operator to divide two objects of a class Number.
2. COMPARISON OPERATORS
Question 1: Write a program to overload the == operator to compare two objects of a class
Compare.
Question 2: Write a program to overload the != operator to check inequality between two objects
of a class Compare.
3. ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS
Question 1: Write a program to overload the += operator to add values to an object.
Question 2: Write a program to overload the -= operator to subtract values from an object.
4. UNARY OPERATORS
Question 1: Write a program to overload the unary ++ operator to increment the value
of an object.
Question 2: Write a program to overload the unary -- operator to decrement the value of an
object.
5. OTHER OPERATORS
Question 1: Write a program to overload the [] operator to access array elements.
Question 2: Write a program to overload the () operator to simulate a function call.
Question: Using all operators listed above in a program.
Objective: Write a C++ program to overload different operators such as arithmetic,
comparison, assignment, unary, and other operators.
// 24BKT0040
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Number {
int value;
public:
Number(int v = 0) : value(v) {}
// Arithmetic Operators
Number operator*(const Number& obj)
{
return Number(value * obj.value);
}
Number operator/(const Number& obj)
{
return Number(value / obj.value);
}
// Comparison Operators
bool operator==(const Number& obj)
{
return value == obj.value;
}
bool operator!=(const Number& obj)
{
return value != obj.value;
}
// Assignment Operators
void operator+=(const Number& obj)
{
value += obj.value;
}
void operator-=(const Number& obj)
{
value -= obj.value;
}
// Unary Operators
Number operator++(int)
{
Number temp = *this; value++;
return temp;
}
Number operator--(int)
{
Number temp = *this;
value--;
return temp;
}
// Other Operators
int operator[](int index)
{
return value + index;
}
void operator()()
{
cout << "Function call operator invoked. Value: " << value <<
endl;
}
void display()
{
cout << value << endl;
}
};
int main() {
Number a(10), b(5);
// Arithmetic Operators
Number c = a * b;
cout << "Multiplication: "; c.display();
Number d = a / b;
cout << "Division: "; d.display();
// Comparison Operators
cout << "Equal: " << (a == b) << endl;
cout << "Not Equal: " << (a != b) << endl;
// Assignment Operators
a += b;
cout << "After += : "; a.display();
a -= b;
cout << "After -= : "; a.display();
// Unary Operators
a++;
cout << "After Post-Increment: "; a.display();
a--;
cout << "After Post-Decrement: "; a.display();
// Other Operators
cout << "Array index operator: " << a[2] << endl;
a();
return 0;
}
