SPANISH COLONIZATION:
group 2 / BS ARCHI 1-5
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Means “to entrust”
A Spanish labor system brought to the
Philippines
Taxation/tribute in the form of the
natives’ labor and gold
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Why it was implemented?
This was a political and economic system in
which a Spaniard (called an encomendero)
was given the right to collect taxes and
administer a particular area or group of
natives.
In return, he has a duty:
• Protect the Filipinos
• Teach them Christianity
• Maintain order in the area
ECONOMIC POLICIES
Many encomenderos did not fulfill their
duties, and instead exploited Filipinos,
forcing them to pay high taxes or perform
forced labor.
• Loss of Natural Resources and Property
• Reduction of Freedom
• The social system of the Filipino
indigenous people was affected, and their
traditional leadership and culture were
gradually lost.
• Christianity
ECONOMIC POLICIES
WHAT IS IT?
The hacienda was a large land estate
owned by Spaniards or the Church where
Filipinos worked as tenant farmers
without owning the land.
WHEN WAS IT IMPLEMENTED?
It was systematically implemented in
the mid-19th century, especially after
the land registration law in the 1860s.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
WHY WAS IT IMPLEMENTED?
It was established so the Spanish
government and the Church could profit
from agricultural products like sugar,
tobacco, and rice.
HOW DID IT AFFECT FILIPINOS?
It caused poverty and oppression
among farmers, which led to uprisings
and revolts like those led by Bonifacio.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
The Galleon Trade established the first trans-Pacific
maritime route, connecting Manila and Acapulco.
Manila became a major global trading hub, serving as a
point for exchange between Asia, America, and Europe.
The Galleon Trade started in 1565 and ended in 1815,
which lasted around 250 years.
The trade involved the exchange of luxury goods from
Asia (like Chinese silk, porcelain, and spices) for
American silver.
The trade facilitated cultural exchange between
Filipinos, Mexicans, and Spaniards, with migrations,
language mixing, and shared traditions emerging.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
The Galleon Trade played a role in early globalization,
connecting different continents and facilitating the
exchange of goods and ideas.
The Mexican War of Independence in 1821 brought an
end to the Spanish control of Mexico and the Galleon
Trade.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
A system of forced labor imposed by
Spanish colonial government in the
Philippines.
During the Spanish colonial (16th-19th
centuries)
To control filipino and build
infrastructure
Harsh conditions, Filipinos were forced
to work without pay, and faced
punishment if they refused.
ECONOMIC POLICIES
A system for taxation
Forced selling of goods
To sustain the Spanish crown and the
Catholic Church
To secure a steady supply of goods at
controlled prices
Led to widespread hardship and
resentment
ECONOMIC POLICIES
A taxation System
established by the spanish
during Spanish Colonial
Period.
It is today called “CTC.”
ECONOMIC POLICIES
It became the chain on many Filipino
necks. Exhausting them to work until
they pay for their “tributo.”
Historical Significance : Andres
Bonificio’s “punitin ang cedula!”, a
sign of revolt against Spanish
colonization.
HACIENDA
large land
estate owned by Sp
Church where Fili aniards or the
farmers pinos worked as te
nant
h er e in
D A ystem w
N nomic s takes co nt rol
O IE
M nd eco dero)
C
EN political a(Encomen
A aniard area
p
a S articula r
of a p
GALLEON TRADE the first
th a t esta blish ed
Trading system o ute, c on n ec ti ng
trans-Pacific ma ritim e r
Manila and Acapulco
BANDALA
A system for taxation
IC IO
SERV b our
L Y
O m of for ced la
O
P A syste
CEDULA
Proof of residency and payment of tax
ECONOMIC POLICIES
In summary, while there were attempts to introduce religion,
improve infrastructures and the likes, we cannot hide the
overwhelming experience of Filipinos during Spanish
colonization. All the suffering and hardship, marked by
exploitation and loss of autonomy. The policies implemented
by the Spaniards served as tools of oppression that deeply
impacted the lives of the Filipino people.
SPANISH COLONIZATION:
group 2 / BS ARCHI 1-5
