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For general concrete work, a common mix ratio is 1:2:3
(cement:sand:aggregate), but for clear concrete cover, the focus is on
ensuring sufficient concrete thickness to protect the reinforcement, which can be
achieved with a mix ratio like 1:2:4 or 1:2:3 depending on the specific project
requirements.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Common Concrete Mix Ratios:
1:2:3 (cement:sand:aggregate): This is a widely used ratio for general concrete
work, providing a good balance of strength and workability.
1:2:4 (cement:sand:aggregate): Another option, this ratio can be used for
applications requiring a slightly higher strength or durability.
1:3:5 (cement:sand:aggregate): This is a standard mix for concrete blocks.
1:4:8 (cement:sand:aggregate): This is used for foundations and mass concrete
work.
1:1.5:3 (cement:sand:aggregate): This is used for normal construction work.
1:1:2 (cement:sand:aggregate): This is used for construction work that requires
a high strength concrete.
Clear Concrete Cover:
Clear concrete cover refers to the distance between the surface of the concrete and
the reinforcement bars (rebar).
Adequate cover is crucial for protecting the rebar from corrosion and ensuring the
structural integrity of the concrete.
Minimum concrete cover requirements vary depending on the project, exposure
conditions, and the type of reinforcement.
For concrete deposited on the ground, a minimum of 75mm clear cover is often
required, while for concrete deposited against formwork, a minimum of 50mm is
common.
Column ties should be protected with a minimum concrete cover of 40mm.
UpCodes states that minimum cover for reinforcement in concrete cast in
removable forms that will be exposed to the earth or weather shall be 11/2 inches
(38 mm) for No. 5 bars and smaller, and 2 inches (50 mm) for No. 6 bars and larger.
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Factors Affecting Concrete Mix Ratios:
Project Requirements: The intended use of the concrete (e.g., foundation, slab,
beam) will influence the required strength and durability, and thus the mix ratio.
Environmental Conditions: Exposure to weather, chemicals, or other harsh
conditions may necessitate a stronger or more durable concrete mix.
Availability of Materials: Local materials and their quality can also affect the
choice of mix ratio.
Water-Cement Ratio:
The water-cement ratio is a crucial factor in determining the strength and durability
of concrete.
A lower water-cement ratio generally results in a stronger and more durable
concrete.
The water-cement ratio should be carefully considered when designing a concrete
mix.
Other Considerations:
Air Entrainment: Entrained air can improve the workability and durability of
concrete, especially in cold weather or when exposed to freeze-thaw cycles.
Admixtures: Admixtures can be added to concrete to modify its properties, such
as workability, strength, or durability.
Why is a slump test needed?
Knowing what the consistency of your concrete mix is when it arrives on the jobsite
allows you to make adjustments to the concrete before placement and prevent
potential problems later, after the concrete sets. It also is a way to confirm that the
concrete you ordered from the ready-mix supplier is within industry standards
specific to its purpose and is uniform from batch to batch.
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