Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

Government Polytechnic,
Vikramgad

TITLE

DEMONSTRATION MODEL OF A SMALL TRANSFORMER

Program: F.Y. Diploma (Semester II) .

Course:Computer Engineering
Subject: BEE ( Course Code: 312302)

Guided by:
Mr. Sandesh kadu

Students:
Jayesh Barhate
Arjun Saruk
Mayur Bhangrath
Bhavik Patil
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify the Mr/Mrs_________________________________
Roll No . ______ of Second Semester of Diploma in Computer Engineering of
institution, Government Polytechnic Vikramgad (Code :1547) has completed the
Micro project in subject Basic Electrical Electonic (BEE) for Academic year 2025-
2026 as prescribed in the Curriculam .

Place: Enrollnment No:

Date: Exam Seat No:
Subject teacher Head of the Department Principle
Seal of
Institution
 Group Details

Sr.No. Group Members Roll No. Enrollment No. Seat No.

1 Jayesh Barhate 1128

2 Arjun Saruk 1143
3 Mayur Bhangrath 1151
4 Bhavik Patil 1107
Objective:

To design and demonstrate a working model of a small transformer to

understand its construction, working principle, and application in voltage
transformation.

The primary objective of this small transformer demonstration model is to

provide a hands-on learning experience that demonstrates the fundamental
principles of electromagnetic induction and voltage transformation. The
project aims to help students understand how alternating current (AC)
passes through the primary coil of a transformer, inducing a changing
magnetic field in the core, which then induces a voltage in the secondary
coil. By building and testing a small transformer, students can directly
observe the step-up and step-down transformations of voltage in a
practical setup.

This model will illustrate the turns ratio concept, where the number of turns
in the primary and secondary coils determines the voltage output of the
transformer. The project uses a 6V or 12V AC power supply, a soft iron core,
and enamel copper wire to build the coils. The voltage across both coils is
measured using a multimeter, and the experiment demonstrates the
change in voltage based on the coil's turns ratio.

Additionally, the model allows students to safely control the power supply
using a switch while understanding how transformers are used to modify
voltage for various applications in electrical systems, including power
distribution and electronic devices. The project helps students connect
theoretical knowledge to practical applications in the field of electrical
engineering.
Materials Required:
1: Soft Iron Core or Ferrite Core:

Property Soft Iron Core Ferrite Core

Ceramic + Iron Oxide (non-
Material
Iron-silicon alloy metallic)
Magnetic High permeability, strong High permeability at high
Property magnetic flux frequency
Low-frequency AC transformers High-frequency
Best For
(e.g., 50Hz, 60Hz) transformers (e.g., in SMPS)
Weight Heavier Lightweight
Cheap and easy to find (from old
Cost Slightly more expensive
appliances)
Old CFL bulbs, chargers,
Where to Old transformers, ceiling fans, motherboard coils
Find inductors

2: Enamel Copper Wire (SWG 28–32):

Enamel Copper Wire (SWG 28–32) – For Transformer Coil Winding

Enamel copper wire, also called magnet wire, is specially insulated with a
thin enamel coating and is used to wind the primary and secondary coils of
a transformer.

What Does SWG 28–32 Mean?

• SWG = Standard Wire Gauge

• The higher the SWG number, the thinner the wire.

3: Cardboard / Plastic Base: Cardboard / Plastic Base – Foundation for

Your Transformer Model

The base of your transformer demonstration model provides a stable

platform to mount all parts like the core, coils, and wires neatly and safely.

Why Use a Base?

• Keeps your transformer model steady.

• Helps organize wires and components.
• Makes the model easy to carry and display.
• Prevents short circuits or damage by lifting it off the ground.
4: 6V or 12V AC Power Supply: Input for Transformer Model To
demonstrate your transformer's working, you'll need a safe, low-voltage
AC power supply — typically 6V or 12V AC. This provides the input to the
primary coil and helps show how the transformer changes voltage.
Why AC Power?

A transformer only works with AC (Alternating Current) — because its

operation depends on changing magnetic fields. DC current doesn’t
5:Multimeter: Multimeter – Your Key Tool to Test the Transformer Model

produce this effect. DIY Battery + Make a

Oscillator (for ad

Where to Find
Options for 6V / 12V AC Power Supply:
At home or old
Option Type Description
electronics
Old AC Adapter Use from toys, routers, or devices
Lab equipment
(6V–12V AC) (make sure it’s AC, not DC)
or market
Step-down Plug into 230V AC, gives 6V/12V AC
Transformer output College lab
Function (Advanced) Gives controlled AC
Electronics
Generator output
project setups
A multimeter is an essential device for your transformer microproject. It
helps you measure the voltage on the primary and secondary coils to
show that the transformer is working.

What Can You Measure with a Multimeter?

Measurement
Purpose in Transformer Demo
Mode
Check input (primary) and output
AC Voltage (V~)
(secondary) voltage
Check coil continuity (ensures proper
Resistance (Ω) winding)
Not usually needed (transformers work with DC
Voltage (V—) AC)

6: LED/Bulb (6V or 12V): Indicator for Transformer Output

In your transformer demonstration model, an LED or small bulb (rated for
6V or 12V) is a great way to visualize the output voltage. When connected to
the secondary coil, the bulb or LED will light up depending on the output
voltage from the transformer.

Why Use an LED/Bulb?

• Visual Confirmation: It shows whether the transformer is working

correctly (lights up when current is flowing).
• Safe and Easy to Use: They consume low current and are suitable for
low-voltage circuits.
• Testing Purpose: Helps confirm the output voltage and how it varies
with the number of turns on the coils.

7:Switch – Control the Power to Your Transformer Model

A switch is an important component in your transformer demonstration
model, allowing you to control the flow of electricity into the primary coil
of the transformer.

Why You Need a Switch:

• Safety: Turn off the power when you're adjusting or measuring the
transformer.
• Convenience: Easily control the start and stop of the transformer
operation.
• Testing: Makes it easier to test the output voltages on the secondary
coil without keeping the power on all the time.

Working Principle:

A transformer works on Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction.

When an alternating current passes through the primary coil, it creates a
changing magnetic field in the iron core, which induces voltage in the
secondary coil depending on the number of turns.

V1V2=N1N2\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{N_1}{N_2}V2 V1 =N2 N1 Where:

• V1V_1V1 = Primary Voltage
 • V2V_2V2 = Secondary Voltage
• N1N_1N1 = Number of Primary Turns
• N2N_2N2 = Number of Secondary Turns
•

Construction Steps:

1. Core Setup:
a. Take a ferrite or laminated iron core (from old CFL/charger).
b. Fix it on a cardboard or wooden base.
2. Winding:
a. Wind Primary Coil: ~200 turns of copper wire.
b. Wind Secondary Coil: ~100 turns (for step-down).
c. Insulate well between coils.
3. Connections:
a. Connect the primary coil to AC power through a switch.
b. Connect the secondary coil to an LED/multimeter.
4. Demonstration:
a. Switch on the input AC.
b. Observe the output: LED glows or voltage shown on multimeter.
c. Change secondary turns to demonstrate step-up/down.

Table:

Parameter Value
Primary
12V AC
Voltage
200
Primary Turns
turns
Secondary 100
Turns turns
Output
~6V AC Voltage

Applications:

• Power supply systems

• Mobile charger circuits
• Home appliances
• Industrial control systems

Conclusion –

In your small transformer demonstration model, we’ve combined basic

yet essential components to create a functional system that clearly
demonstrates the principles of electromagnetic induction and voltage
transformation.

By building this small transformer model, you’ve demonstrated key

principles of electromagnetic induction and voltage transformation,
which are central to understanding how transformers work in everyday
electrical systems, from power distribution to small electronic devices.
This model helps visualize the relationship between voltage, current, and
turns ratio — a fundamental concept in electrical engineering!

Abstract – Small Transformer Demonstration Model

The small transformer demonstration model serves as a practical

demonstration of the principles of electromagnetic induction and voltage
transformation. This project focuses on building a simple transformer to
understand how alternating current (AC) can be stepped up or stepped down
based on the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils.

The model uses essential components like a soft iron or ferrite core,
enamel copper wire (SWG 28–32), a 6V or 12V AC power supply, a switch,
and a multimeter for measurement. The soft iron core provides efficient
magnetic flux, while the enamel copper wire is used to wind the primary and
secondary coils. The AC power supply energizes the primary coil, inducing
voltage in the secondary coil, which is measured using a multimeter. The
switch allows for control of the power flow for testing and safety purposes.
The project aims to showcase the functionality of a transformer, allowing
students to observe real-world voltage changes and analyze the relationship
between coil turns and voltage output. The demonstration effectively
reinforces theoretical concepts related to electromagnetic induction,
Faraday’s Law, and the transformer principle in a hands-on learning
environment.

This project highlights the significance of transformers in various

applications, such as power distribution, electrical appliances, and signal
processing, offering valuable insight into their operation in electrical
engineering.