Intended Learning Objectives

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

• Enumerate the various application of computers in community

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pharmacy

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• Explain the importance of computer software's in the

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community pharmacy services
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• Describe the various computer software's used in the health
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care services
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• Analyse the needs and development of computer software's

for the better health care services
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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computerization in the Prescription Dispensing
Process
• Computers are particularly handled routinely for repetitive

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tasks - prescription dispensing

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• Drugs Dispensed and directions for use - substantially varied

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• Functions of routine involvement

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• Prescription Processing activities - sequential in a pharmacy
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– 1. Assigning number using number machine
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– 2. Locating profile
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• To do these jobs - specialized training of a pharmacist not

required

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computerization in the Prescription
Dispensing Process (Contd..)

• Pharmacist perform - part of the dispensing process

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• Each task adds a few seconds to the dispensing

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• Computer executes - many tasks more quickly and accurately

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(prescriptions waiting to be filled during busy period)
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• Increases Pharmacist productivity
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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 First – Step Activities
1. Receive prescription

2. Identify Patient

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 First – Step Activities (Contd..)
3. Scan for Prescription legibility

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* Locate and review Pharmacy Profile

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* Check for Patient drug allergies

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* Check for therapeutic duplication

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* Check for interacting drugs
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* Assign number to prescription using numbering machine

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* Type prescription label

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Second Step Activities
• Locating and Reviewing a patient drug profile

– Requires all Pharmacist knowledge and skills

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• Computer - programmed to do most of the desired works

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– Profile search – Two important functions

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– 1. Factual recall
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– 2. Judgment
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• Computer is more through and substantially faster at factual

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recall than pharmacist

• Utilize software for easy calculation and monitoring

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computer Data Management and Recalls

• Potential drug interactions

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• Possible duplicate drugs

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• Ingredients of drug products to which - patient may be allergic

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• Systematically reviewing a profile

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• Against these criteria - Pharmacist will have following jobs
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– Locate drug stock bottle

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– Prepare quantity

– Affix label

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computerized Requisites During Dispensing
Process

• Compute prescription price

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• Record prescription on daily log

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• Prepare patient receipt

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• Prepare third party billing form
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• Update Patient profile
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• Refill profile
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• Mail third party claim form

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computerized requisites during Dispensing
Process (Contd..)

• Attach additional warnings

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• Confirm that patient is using the drug correctly Or

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• Counsel Patient regarding appropriate use of drug

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• Assign prescription numbertB
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• Display Patient drug / allergy interactions – (Name of drug,

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date dispensed, elapsed days)

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computerized requisites during Dispensing
Process (Contd..)

• Interaction flag

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• Type of interaction

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• Interacting drugs identified

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• Name and Date dispensed tB
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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Accounting and General Ledger System

• General Ledger system - detailed reports when a manager

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checks for specific purpose

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• Accounting system - records in a systematic way

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• Trace ongoing financial activities of the pharmacy

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• Substitute for Manuel Tasks - Manual tasks Performed by the
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secretary - Book keeper typical pharmacy

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Accounting and General Ledger System (Contd..)

• Cash deposits are made and posted to the cash account

• End of month - each customer ledger is totaled

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• Statements are mailed

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• Disbursements made by the pharmacy - posted to the

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particular expenditure or expense category involved
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• Cheques received from customer as payments on their

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account - posted to each customer sheet

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Accounting and General Ledger System (Contd..)

• Computerization system – data entry is simplified and posting

occurs automatically

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• Prescription can be charged - individual accounts at the time

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of the prescription entry

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• Later by logging in the prescription number and code details
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could be availed
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• Payment received on account, the customer account number

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or name is entered - posting occurs automatically

• Paper copy for audit trail to support the electronic system

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Computers - For Selective Pharmaceutical
Purposes
Clerical:

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- Preparation of prescription levels

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- Providing a receipt for patient

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- Generation of hard copy record of transaction

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- Calculation of total prescription cost
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- Maintenance of perpetual record of inventory record

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- Calculation and storing of annual withholding statements

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Managerial

- Preparation of daily sales report

- Generation of complete sales analysis

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- Estimation of profit and financial ratio analysis

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- Production of drug usage reports

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- Calculation of gross margin
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- Calculate number of prescriptions handled per unit time

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Professional

- Building a patient profile

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- Storing of information on drug and other allergies

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- Warn about possible problems

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- Retrieval of current drug regimen for review

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- Updating of patient information in file
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- Printing of drug–drug and drug–food interactions

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- Maintaining of physicians file including specialty, designation,

address, home office hours, etc

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Clinical Support

– Patient medication profile

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– Patient education profile

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– Consulting pharmacist activities

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– Drug utilization monitoring
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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Accounting And Business Management

• Business record keeping

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• Prescription analysis

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Software Solution For Pharmacy Management

• FSI Pharmacy Management System

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• Advanced Rx

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• Abacus Pharmacy Plus Software

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• Axis Pharmacy ManagertB
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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
 Summary

• Computerization in Dispensing Process

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• Computerized requisites for Dispensing Process

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• Computer and software and their applications

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Faculty of Pharmacy © Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences