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PLUMBER’S

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HANDBOOK
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REVISED
6th EDITION
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Revised and Updated

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Acknowledgements
The author expresses his sincere thanks and appreciation to:

❚ Mr. A. T. Strother, Executive Director of the Plumbing Industry Program of Miami, Florida, for
granting permission to use excerpts from his article “A History of Plumbing” which appeared in The
Florida Contractor Magazine.
❚ the Florida Energy Committee and the Environmental Information Center of the Florida
Conservation Foundation, Inc. for pertinent information necessary to authenticate the thermosi-
phon and pumped solar water heating system.
❚ American Standard for providing the plumbing fixture roughing-in measurements (as illus-
trated in Chapter 21).

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❚ Josam Manufacturing Company for providing the plumbing fixture carriers (as illustrated in
Chapter 21).
❚ the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials, 4755 E. Philadelphia Street,

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Ontario, California 91761.
❚ the International Code Council, 4051 Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60487.

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❚ the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169.
❚ Randy Lorge, plumbing instructor, for the drawing on the front cover of this book.
❚ To Hilda Massey and Tracey Gans for their wonderful support in this endeavor by the authors.
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Material in this manual so indicated is reprinted with the permission of the International Association
of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials. This copyright material and all points or statements in using this
material have not been reviewed by IAPMO. The opinions expressed herein are not representations of
fact from IAPMO.

This material contains information which is proprietary to and copyrighted by International Code
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Council, Inc. The information copyrighted by the International Code Council, Inc., has been obtained
and reproduced with permission. The acronym “ICC” and the ICC logo are trademarks and service
in

marks of ICC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Further reproduction is expressly prohibited by ICC. Requests
for permission for further reproduction should be addressed to ICC at 4051 Flossmoor Road, Country
Club Hills, IL 60487.
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Figure 19-1 on page 239 is reprinted with permission from NFPA 54-2018, National Fuel Gas Code,
copyright ©2017, National Fire Protection Association. This reprinted material is not the complete and
official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its
entirety and can be obtained through the NFPA website www.nfpa.org.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2023946252

First edition ©1978 Craftsman Book Company

Second edition ©1985 Craftsman Book Company
Third edition ©1998 Craftsman Book Company
Fourth edition ©2006 Craftsman Book Company
Fifth edition ©2018 Craftsman Book Company
Sixth edition ©2023 Craftsman Book Company

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Book Foreword

Hello, My name is Tom Bigely.

At the time of the publication of The Plumber’s Handbook, sixth edition, I serve as chairman of the World
Plumbing Council (WPC) and the Plumbing Director for the United Association of Plumbing and Pipefitters. As
Chair the WPC, I have given my commitment to work with the highest level of plumbing professionals to achieve a
mutual goal of creating the best possible plumbing for the world through the growth and development of the world’s

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plumbing industries. One of the most important industries in the plumbing profession is education. The education of
plumbers is very dear to my heart and my career in plumbing includes working as a plumber, an instructor and later,

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the National Training Director of a training program that annually educates thousands of some of the best plumbers
in the USA, Canada and beyond.

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I first met co-author, David Gans when we were both serving on the National Board of Directors for the
International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO). Since then David has moved up the ranks
and is currently serving as President of IAPMO. IAPMO is a premier plumbing code and standards development
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organization that publishes the Uniform Plumbing Code and has over 5000 members which include installers, code
officials, engineers, and manufactures of plumbing products.

Since we met, David and I have become close friends and have traveled extensively to plumbing events around the
e

world. On each trip together, David has been a pleasure to collaborate with and clearly values building positive rela-
tionships with other plumbing industry professionals and organizations. He believes firmly that our plumbing indus-
in

try consists of quality people, great ideas, great plumbing codes and quality plumbing products. David has always
impressed me with his passion for plumbing, his integrity and his sound decision making. David’s passion for and
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knowledge of plumbing is evident in his endeavor to update this book with the latest code language, materials and
methods.
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The Plumber’s Handbook is unique in that it uses common language to explain the code requirements used by
both the Uniform Plumbing Code and the International Plumbing Code. Together, these two codes are used in all
states other than New Jersey which uses the National Standard Plumbing Code. Many States use both the UPC and
IPC codes and people in those States will greatly benefit by reading this book. This book is impressive since it cov-
ers topics A-Z of plumbing including every part of a typical plumbing system. With test questions at the end of each
chapter, The Plumber’s Handbook would make an excellent addition to any plumbing school training curriculum or
person interested in self-study.

Thank you for your interest in The Plumber’s Handbook and your efforts to be an educated plumber!

You are on your way to improving the plumbing of your community, country and the world!

Tom Bigely
World Plumbing Council Chairman 2023

David and Tom at a plumbing trade show, Germany 2022

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Contents
1 Plumbing and the Plumber 5 12 Public Water Supply and Distribution Systems 159
The History of Plumbing ................................................................. 5 Water System Components ........................................................... 159
2 Designing Drainage Systems 7 Sizing the Water System ................................................................ 160
Isometric Drawings .......................................................................... 7 Sizing the Water Service Pipe ........................................................ 161
Fixture Abbreviations, Definitions Review Questions ........................................................................... 168
and Illustrations ............................................................................. 9 13 Hot Water Systems 169
How to Size the Drainage System ................................................. 15 Design Objectives ........................................................................... 169
Review Questions ........................................................................... 30 The Water Heater ........................................................................... 169
3 Designing Vent Systems 33 Safety Devices ................................................................................. 171
Types of Vents................................................................................. 33 Energy Conservation ...................................................................... 173

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Problems Created by Inadequate Venting ................................... 37 Common Hot Water Circulating Systems .................................... 174
Review Questions ........................................................................... 176
How to Size the Vent System ......................................................... 39
Special Venting Systems ................................................................ 41 14 Installing Water Systems 179
Materials for Water Systems .......................................................... 179

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Vent Terminals ............................................................................... 47
Aggregate Cross-sectional Area Pipe............................................ 48 Installing Water Service Supply Pipe ............................................ 181
Review Questions ........................................................................... 50 Installing Water Distribution Pipe ................................................ 183
Threaded Pipe, Fittings and Valves .............................................. 185
4 Fixture Traps 53
Review Questions ........................................................................... 190

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Building Traps ................................................................................ 53
Distance of Fixture Trap from Vent .............................................. 57 15 Private Water Supply Wells 193
Review Questions ........................................................................... 61 Well Water ....................................................................................... 193
Well Installation ............................................................................. 194
5 Cleanouts 63
Suction Lines .................................................................................. 195
The Importance of Accessible Cleanouts..................................... 63
Pressure Tanks................................................................................ 197
Cleanout Material and Design ...................................................... 67
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Review Questions ........................................................................... 69
Review Questions ........................................................................... 200
16 Fire Protection 201
6 Interceptors, Special Traps and Neutralizing Tanks 71
Multi-Purpose Residential Fire Sprinklers ................................... 204
Grease Interceptors ........................................................................ 71
Stand-Alone Residential Systems ................................................. 205
Greasy Waste Systems.................................................................... 76
Review Questions ........................................................................... 210
Laundry Interceptors ..................................................................... 78
Gasoline, Oil and Sand Interceptors ............................................ 80 17 Swimming Pools and Spas 213
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Other Types of Interceptors or Separators ................................... 82 Swimming Pools ............................................................................. 213
Review Questions ........................................................................... 85 Spas.................................................................................................. 218
Review Questions ........................................................................... 220
7 Indirect Waste Piping, Receptors and Special Wastes 89
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Piping Material and Sizes .............................................................. 89 18 Harnessing Solar Energy 223

Types of Indirect Waste Piping ..................................................... 89 Domestic Hot Water Heating ........................................................ 223
Receptors ........................................................................................ 91 The Solar Collector ......................................................................... 224
Special Wastes ................................................................................ 92 Water Circulation ........................................................................... 227
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Storm Water Drainage Systems .................................................... 94 Solar Storage Tanks ........................................................................ 231
Review Questions ......................................................................... 100 Troubleshooting Guides ................................................................ 232
Review Questions ........................................................................... 234
8 Installation of Drainage and Vent Pipes 103
Standards for Plumbing Materials .............................................. 103 19 Gas Systems 237
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Building Sewers ............................................................................ 105 Kinds of Gas .................................................................................... 237

Joints and Connections ............................................................... 110 Gas Piping and the Plumber ......................................................... 238
Installation Methods .................................................................... 114 Sizing Gas Systems ......................................................................... 238
DWV Piping .................................................................................. 116 Residential Gas Sizing Example .................................................... 241
Review Questions ......................................................................... 124 Review Questions ........................................................................... 242
9 Septic Tanks and Drainfields 127 20 Materials and Installation Methods for Gas Systems 243
Definition of the Septic Tank ...................................................... 127 Materials ......................................................................................... 243
Septic Tank Construction ............................................................ 128 Installing Gas Piping ...................................................................... 244
Sizing Septic Tanks ...................................................................... 130 Installing and Venting Gas Appliances ........................................ 247
Installing Septic Tanks ................................................................. 131 Review Questions ........................................................................... 250
Types of Drainfields ..................................................................... 132 21 Plumbing Fixtures 253
Sizing Drainfields ......................................................................... 134 Installing Plumbing Fixtures ......................................................... 253
Review Questions ......................................................................... 138 Plumbing Fixture Clearances ........................................................ 259
10 Mobile Home and Travel Trailer Parks 141 Plumbing for Persons with Disabilities ........................................ 260
Toilet Facilities for Trailer Parks ................................................. 141 Minimum Fixture Requirements .................................................. 261
The Park Drainage and Vent System .......................................... 142 Roughing-In .................................................................................... 265
The Park Water Distributing System .......................................... 144 Review Questions ........................................................................... 273
Review Questions ......................................................................... 146 Answers to Review Questions .................................... 275
11 Graywater Recycling Systems for Single-Family Practice Plumber’s Exam ............................................ 321
Residences 147 Examination Answer Key ........................................... 338
The Older Water Conservation Methods ................................... 147 Definitions and Abbreviations ................................... 339
A New Water Conservation Method: ADA Chapter 6
Graywater Recycling .................................................................... 148 Plumbing Elements and Facilities.......................... 347
Review Questions ......................................................................... 156 Index........................................................................... 375

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1
Plumbing and the Plumber

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If you’ve chosen plumbing as your profession, you should easily recognize them as you read and compare
should find it one of the most challenging and satisfy- sections of this book with your local code. But the basic
ing of all construction trades. The many variations in principles of sanitation and safety remain the same,
design, layout, and installation methods present a regardless of the geographical location.
challenge to any competent professional plumber,
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plumbing inspector or plumbing plans examiner. But
notice that word competent. If you don’t have a good The History of Plumbing
in

knowledge of practical plumbing methods and of the

minimum requirements of modern plumbing codes, The art and science of plumbing came into being
as mankind struggled against disease. The history of
you’re going to be discouraged, frustrated, and confused.
civilization is the history of plumbing. At the dawn of
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Learning plumbing from a code book is a very dif- civilization, when two or three families gathered
ficult task. That’s the reason for this manual. It’s together to make a tribe, people drank from springs
intended to help you grasp the important design and and streams. They made no provisions for the dispos-
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installation principles recognized as essential to al of sewage and garbage. We can assume that when
their site became fouled with kitchen refuse and
doing professional-quality plumbing work. What you
human waste, they just moved on. If disease killed
learn here should be applicable nearly anywhere in
members of the tribe because they neglected the laws
the U.S., regardless of the model code adopted by of sanitation, they didn’t understand the cause and
your jurisdiction. And if you’re just learning the fun- effect. They didn’t know that lack of cleanliness breeds
damentals of plumbing, you’ll find this book much disease.
easier than reading and understanding the code.
Archeologists, while digging in various parts of the
Remember, however, that this book is not the world, have confirmed that even ancient civilizations
plumbing code. The two most widespread model developed plumbing systems for protecting health. At
code organizations, The International Association Nippur, in Babylon, archeologists uncovered an aque-
of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) and duct made of glazed clay brick that dates back to 4,500
the International Code Council (ICC) have graciously B.C. This aqueduct contained three lines of glazed
allowed this book to utilize some of their tables for clay pipe. Each section was 8 inches in diameter and 2
understanding the basic use of their codes. With that feet long, with a flanged mouth. Other excavations
said, all plumbers will have to refer to their local code have revealed glazed clay pipe in jar patterns, concave
on a regular basis. I’ll emphasize the minor variations and cone shapes and a sewage system complete with
in model plumbing codes throughout this book, so you manholes.

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6 Plumber’s Handbook

On the island of Crete, some of the palaces of without cement or mortar. It still exists and is used
ancient kings were equipped with extensive water today in the drainage system of modern Rome.
supply and drainage systems. The glazed clay pipe
When Rome set out to conquer the world, they took
was found to be in perfect condition after 3,500 years. their bathing habits with them. In what is now Great
Archeologists even discovered evidence of plumbing Britain, in the city of Bath, archeologists uncovered a
fixtures constructed of hard clay. Roman bath 110 feet long and 68 feet wide.
In ancient Greece, further advances were made in In the 12th century, trade guilds were first orga-
cleanliness. Greek aqueducts took pure water from nized in England. The first apprenticeship laws were

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mountain streams into cities. Sewers, which exist to passed in 1562 during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
this day, carried away waste to the surrounding rivers. These laws required an apprenticeship of seven years
They understood that bathing was a desirable habit. and made apprenticeship in all crafts compulsory. It

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Greeks portrayed Hygeia, the goddess of health (from was not until 1814 that the compulsory clause was
whose name we get the word “hygiene”), as supplying removed and apprenticeship was made voluntary.
pure water to a serpent, the symbol of wisdom. The first known master plumbers’ association was

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organized in England and incorporated in the College
The ancient Egyptians also realized the value of
of Heralds of London.
sanitation. Moses was acquainted with the sanitary
science of the Egyptians and used it in framing the With the discovery of the New World, man, like his
code of laws found in the book of Leviticus. ancient ancestors, sought to escape the dark and dirty
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cities of Europe for a fresh campground.
The Romans in the time of Julius Caesar developed
the principles of sanitation to a high art. Unlike the Although America has become a symbol of high
ancient Greeks and Egyptians, they were familiar with standards in plumbing and sanitation, progress in the
lead, which they imported from the British Isles. They early development of sanitation and plumbing was
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called it plumbum. The word plumbing is derived very slow. As the population of the early settlements
increased, conditions deteriorated. Garbage and
from the Latin word for a worker in lead. The Romans
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sewage dumped onto the ground and seepage from

used lead in many of the same ways we use it today.
earth-pit privies polluted nearby wells.
Two thousand years ago the city of Rome had an
Health conditions became so intolerable that even-
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adequate water supply and sewage disposal system.

tually public sewers had to be installed underground
Water was piped from hills and mountains 50 miles
and extended to each building. Although New York in
distant from the city. To bring this water into Rome,
1782 installed the first sewer under the streets,
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great overhead aqueducts and underground tunnels Chicago is credited with having the first real city
were built of masonry. Branch lines carried water into sewage system, constructed in 1855.
the homes of the upper class for private bathrooms
long before the development of the great public baths. Plumbing as we know it today traces its roots back
Some baths in Pompeii had floors and walls of marble, many centuries, but was not really perfected until the
with brass, bronze and silver fixtures. twentieth century. Many older Americans, reared
without indoor plumbing, still remember the open
From as far back as 600 B.C. Rome had an elaborate well, the pitcher pump, the outhouse, and the
drainage system called the Cloaca Maxima. This main Saturday night romp in the old wooden tub. The mod-
was 13 feet in diameter and was joined by many later- ern bathroom, city water, and the sewers of today are
als. It was constructed from three concentric rows of taken for granted. But don’t forget that plumbers pro-
enormous stones piled one on the top of another tect the health of our nation and the world.

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Index
Abbreviations, plumbing plumbing materials .............................. 180 Building drain
fixtures .................................................. 9, 12 Area drain.................................................. 94 cleanout .................................................. 64
Asbestos-cement pipe clearance ............................................... 116
Aboveground drainage
building sewer ...................................... 105 definition................................................. 14
pipes, material ....................................... 108 multistory building ................................ 23
ABS pipe footing drain ......................................... 108
joints ...................................................... 111 sizing ....................................................... 20
aboveground drains ............................. 109 Building gravity drain,
bulding sewers...................................... 114 Asphaltum paint ..................................... 184

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Association of Home Appliance horizontal ................................................. 28
drains within a building ...................... 108 Building sewer .......................................... 21
support ...........................................118-119 Manufacturers ....................................... 104
cleanout ............................................ 64, 67
threaded joints ..................................... 111 ASTM standard, water
definition................................................. 14
service pipe .....................................179-180

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vent ........................................................ 108 material ......................................... 107, 109
water supply ......................................... 179 Automatic clothes washer
venting..................................................... 40
Accessory building standpipe.............................................91-92
Building storm drain ................................ 94
residential, drainage systems ................ 22 AWWA standards, plumbing
Building storm sewer ............................... 94
materials ................................................. 180

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vent stacks............................................... 40 Building traps ......................................53-54
Acid waste system Bur, pipe .................................................. 186
material ......................................... 107, 109 Back pressure Burned joints .......................................... 113
neutralizing tank .................................... 84 inadequate venting ................................ 37
pipe .......................................................... 89 trap seals ............................................59-60
ADA (Americans with Backfill, water distribution
Cabana shower, sand
Disabilities Act)...............................260-261
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pipe ......................................................... 183
interceptor................................................ 82
Cafeteria, grease interceptor ................... 71
Adapter coupling .................................... 111 Backflow preventers ............................... 185 Capillary attraction, trap seals ................ 59
Additions, sewer pipe..........................21-22 irrigation system................................... 183 Casings, well ....................................194-195
Aggregate cross-sectional area, Backwash, swimming pool .................93-94 Cast iron joints
vent pipe ................................................... 48 Backwater valve ........................................ 95 caulked .................................................. 110
Air break ...............................................89-90 Bar, grease interceptor ............................. 71 compression ......................................... 110
air conditioning condensate ................. 93
e
Bar sink...................................................... 89 hubless .................................................. 110
indirect waste pipe ............................... 121 Bathtubs Cast iron pipe
Air chambers....................................184-185 fixture units ............................................. 15 advantages ............................................ 182
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Air conditioning condensate installation .............................. 255-256, 266 cutting ................................................... 186
drain .................................... 89, 93, 122-123 water use estimates .............................. 151 water pipe in a building ................179-181
Air conditioning equipment Battery venting, definition ....................... 33 water supply ......................................... 179
waste flow ................................................. 17 Bell-and-spigot soil pipe................ 110, 112 Cast iron soil pipe
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Air gap ..................................................89-90 Bell traps ................................................... 54 aboveground drains ............................. 109
air conditioning condensate ................. 93 Bituminous fiber pipe building sewer ...................................... 105
clean water sump ................................... 92 building sewer ...................................... 105 drains within a building ...................... 108
high temperature waste ......................... 93 joint ....................................................... 112 DWV ...................................................... 117
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indirect drainage .................................... 91 Bituminous ring...................................... 111 installation ............................................ 114

indirect waste pipe ........................120-122 Boiler blow-off tank.................................. 93 support .................................................. 118
water supply outlet............................... 185 Borosilicate glass pipe vent ........................................................ 108
Air induction systems ............................ 219 aboveground drains ............................. 109 Cast Iron Soil Pipe
Alarms ............................................. 205, 207 drains within a building ...................... 108 Institute ......................................... 104, 110
American National Standards joints ...................................................... 113 Cast iron threaded pipe
Institute .................................................. 104 vent ........................................................ 108 advantages ............................................ 182
American Society for Testing Bottle coolers ............................................ 15 water supply ......................................... 179
and Materials ......................................... 104 Bottling plant, interceptor ....................... 82 Catch basin ............................................... 94
American Society of Mechanical Branch Caulk, water distribution pipe .............. 184
Engineers................................................ 104 horizontal................................................ 14 Caulked joints ......................................... 110
American Society of Sanitary interval .................................................... 14 Cement mortar joints ............................. 112
Engineering .............................. 104, 184, 202 Branch drain Central hot water system ................170-171
American Standards multistory building ................................ 23 Certifications........................................... 202
Association ............................................. 185 sizing ....................................................... 20 Change of direction
American Water Works Branch vent, definition ............................ 34 drainage system.................................... 103
Association ............................................. 104 Brass pipe DWV system.......................................... 114
American Welding Society .................... 104 aboveground drains ............................. 109 fittings.................................................... 115
Anchors, DWV pipe .........................117-118 gas .......................................................... 243 vent stack ................................................ 41
Angle of pressure ............................ 117, 132 vent ........................................................ 108 Check valve
Animal boarding, water pipe in a building ................179-181 drainage system.................................28-29
interceptor................................................ 83 water supply ......................................... 179 flap ......................................................... 122
ANSI standards Breather tank ...................................198-199 well ........................................................ 197
cleanouts ................................................. 67 Bucket floor drain ..................................... 81 Chemical waste pipe ................................ 89

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376 Plumber’s Handbook

Chemical waste system, Concrete pipe, footing drain ................. 108 Downfeed water circulation
material .................................................. 109 Concrete sewer pipe joints .................... 112 system ..................................................... 174
Circuit vent Connections .....................................110-114 Drain
definition................................................. 34 Continuous flow devices.......................... 17 building ................................................... 14
Circulating pump Continuous vent, definition .................... 34 floor ................................................258-259
water heater ...................................169-170 Control valve, water stand-alone fire sprinkler .............205-207
Circulation pump, swimming distribution pipe .................................... 184 Drain pan, water heater ......................... 173
pool ........................................................... 93 Conventional greasy waste Drain, waste and vent pipe
Clamps, joint....................................110-112 system ..................................................75-77 underground..................................116-117
Clay, absorption capacity .............. 135, 152 Converter fitting, within a building ...........................116-117
Clay drain tile.......................................... 108 copper to brass ..................................... 185 Drain, waste and vent
Cleanouts Cooling coils ............................................. 89 systems ............................................103-123

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box ........................................................... 68 Cooling jacket ..................................... 89, 92 restrictions ............................................ 108
clearances ............................................... 67 Copper pipe Drainage outlet ......................................... 89
countersunk ............................................ 64 aboveground drains ............................. 109 Drainage pipes, vertical
design .................................................67-68 building sewer ...................................... 105 offset in ..................................................... 25

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direction of flow ..................................... 67 drains within a building ...................... 108
drainage system.................................... 103 Drainage system
exceptions ............................................... 66 DWV ...................................................... 117 below sewer level ................................... 28
exterior .................................................... 68 gas .......................................................... 243 sanitary .................................................7-29
fixture traps ............................................. 56 soldering ............................................... 188 sizing ..................................................15-29

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greasy waste system ............................... 78 support ...........................................118-119 sizing, future fixtures ............................. 25
horizontal combination waste vent ........................................................ 108 sizing, in additions ............................21-22
and vent .................................................. 46 water pipe in a building ................179-181 sizing, in multistory
location of ..........................................63-66 water supply ......................................... 179 building .............................................22-25
material ................................................... 67 Copper soldered joints........................... 113 trailer park .....................................142-144
prohibitions ............................................ 67 Copper tubing
Pr Drainfield, trench length ....................... 132
sizes ....................................................67-68 supports ................................................ 185
Clear water waste sump ........................... 92 Drainfields ................................ 127, 132-137
Corrugated plastic perforated conversion table ................................... 137
Clearance tubing drainfield .................................... 134
building drains ..................................... 116 lines, spacing ........................................ 135
Corrugated Stainless Steel Piping ......... 244
cleanout .................................................. 67 plastic tubing ........................................ 134
Countersunk cleanout ........................64-65
water service pipe .........................182-183 reservoir .........................................132-133
Couplings, joint ...............................110-113
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Clogged drains .......................................... 63 sizing ..................................................... 134
CPVC pipe
Clothes washing machine tile ...................................................132-133
supports ................................................ 185
fixture units ............................................. 15 Drains, clogged ......................................... 63
water pipe in a building ................179-181
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standpipe .......................................... 78, 91 Drinking fountains ................................... 15

Cross connection,
traps required ....................................55-56 Drip outlet ................................................. 89
preventing ........................................ 89, 185
Club, grease interceptor .......................... 71 Drip pan .............................................. 89, 92
Cross-sectional area, vent pipe ............... 48
Coffee urns .......................................... 15, 89 Drip pipe ................................................. 246
Crown-vented traps ................................. 54
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Cold water supply pipe, Crown weir, trap ................................. 58, 60 water heater .......................................... 172
installation ......................................183-185 Curb stop ................................................. 159 Drum traps ................................................ 54
Collar, well .............................................. 195 Cutting pipe ............................................ 186 Dry vent, definition .................................. 35
Combination bend ................................. 115 Ductile iron gravity sewer
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Combination pressure and pipe joints............................................... 113

temperature relief valve ........................ 172 Deck drain ......................................... 93, 94 Duplex pumping system .......................... 28
Combination waste and vent Deep wells ............................................... 195
greasy waste .......................................77-78 Definitions plumbing
horizontal...........................................45-47 systems .................................................... 14 Effluent ................................................... 127
restrictions .............................................. 44 Degreasers............................................... 185 Egg boiler .................................................. 89
vertical ..................................................... 44 Demand load, water ............................... 166 Ejectors, sewage ....................................... 28
Combined interceptor ............................. 81 Dental sink ................................................ 83 Elastomeric gasket joint ......................... 111
Combined sewer system .......................... 94 Department of Environmental Elastomeric O-ring ................................. 112
Commercial drainfields ......................... 136 Protection (DEP) ................................... 193 Elastomeric rings .................................... 112
Commercial garage, sand Department of Environmental Elastomeric sealing sleeve ..................... 110
interceptor................................................ 82 Resource Management Electric water heater .............................. 169
Commercial Standards and (DERM) .......................................... 127, 136 Energy conservation,
Product Standards ................................. 104 Dependent trailers ................................. 141 water heater ........................................... 173
Commercial storm drain ......................... 96 Diagrams, Escutcheon................................................ 60
Commercial swimming pools ................. 93 fixture rough-ins............................266-272 Evaporation, trap seals ............................ 60
Common vent Diaphragm tank...............................198-199 Excavation
definition................................................. 34 Direction of flow, cleanout ...................... 67 DWV system...................................113-116
requirements .......................................... 43 Discharge pipe, interceptor ..................... 81 water service ..................................181-182
Compression joints ................................ 110 Dishwasher septic tanks ........................................... 132
Compressors ........................................... 185 commercial ............................................. 89 Expansion, hot water pipe ..................... 170
Concrete drain pipe, installation ............................................ 257 Expansion joints ..................................... 113
building sewer ....................................... 105 Disposal field, graywater ................151-155 Expansion tank ................................... 89, 92
Concrete drain tile.................................. 108 Distribution line, drainfield................... 133 Extractor .................................................... 89

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Index 377

Factories, interceptors ............................ 80 Footing drain .............................. 94, 95, 108 Greasy waste systems ..........................75-78
Factory Mutual Standards ..................... 201 Formulas Groundwater, protecting ....................... 151
Faucets, water use limits........................ 148 cross-sectional area ............................... 48 Gutter drain, swimming pool .................. 93
Federal Specifications ............................ 104 watts to Btu ........................................... 172
Filter 45-degree angle of pressure ......... 117, 132 Hacksaw................................................. 187
spa ......................................................... 219 Fragile materials ............................. 114, 116 Hair, clogging drains ................................ 63
swimming pool ..............................216-217 Friction loss..................................... 161, 164 Hair interceptor ........................................ 82
Fire Frost formation, vent pipes ............... 37, 47 Hangers, DWV pipe ................................ 117
alarms .................................................... 207 Hard water .............................................. 193
certifications ......................................... 202 Galvanized steel pipe Heat traps, water heater ........................ 173
drain ...................................................... 207 aboveground drains ............................. 109 Heat-joined connections,
inspections ............................................ 208 advantages ............................................ 182 plastic pipe ............................................. 111

w
multi-purpose fire sprinklers .............. 204 drains within a building ...................... 108 Heater
multi-purpose system sizing ............... 204 DWV pipe .............................................. 117 spa ......................................................... 219
plan submittal requirements .............. 201 vent ........................................................ 108 swimming pool ..................................... 218
residential fire protection systems ..... 202 Heel inlet ................................................... 21

ie
water pipe in a building ................179-181
sprinkler head types ......................202-204 water supply ......................................... 179 Hemp, joint packing............................... 110
stand-alone fire sprinklers ...........205-206 Garages, sand interceptors ...................... 82 History, plumbing ...................................5-6
testing residential systems ...........207-208 Garbage disposers .................................. 257 Holding tank, graywater .................149-152
Fittings Horizontal branch .................................... 14

ev
Gas appliance installation ..............247-248
change of direction .............................. 115 Gas systems ......................................237-241 Horizontal branch drains,
drainage system.................................... 108 commercial ........................................... 240 separation ................................................ 26
plastic pipe............................................ 189 drip pipe ................................................ 247 Horizontal combination
Fixture drain installation .....................................244-249 waste and vent ....................................45-47
developed length .................................... 57 pipe terminations ..........................248-249 restrictions .........................................45-47
relief vent ...........................................58-59
Pr
piping .................................................... 238 venting..................................................... 46
Fixture tailpiece, greasy residential ............................................. 241 Horizontal drainage pipe,
waste system ............................................ 78 shutoff valve.......................................... 247 cleanouts .............................................65-66
Fixture traps .........................................53-60 sizing ..................................................... 238 Horizontal fixture branch,
cleanouts on ........................................... 56 types ...............................................237-238 sizing ....................................................23-24
horizontal run to vent ............................ 58 Gas water heater ..............................169-170 Horizontal offset, vertical
integral .................................................... 55 Gasket drainage stack .......................................... 26
e

materials allowed ................................... 56 elastomeric ................................... 111, 113 Horizontal pipe supports ................118-119
prohibited ..........................................53-60 oil resistant ........................................... 113 Horizontal rainwater piping .................... 97
Horizontal vent pipe, length.................... 40
in

requirements .....................................54-56 rubber.................................................... 110

sizes ....................................................56-57 Gasoline interceptor ...........................80-82 Horizontal waste branch, length............. 58
vertical drop allowed ............................. 56 Gasoline stations, interceptors................ 80 Horizontal water pipe, supports ........... 185
water seal ................................................ 54 Gate valve, drainage system ...............28-29 Horizontal wet vented system ................. 37
Hose bibb ................................................ 184
nl

Fixture Unit (See Uniform Plumbing Gravel, absorption

Code and International Plumbing Code) capacity .......................................... 135, 152 Hose connections ................................... 185
Fixtures .............................................254-272 Gravity overflow line ................................ 81 Hot water circulating system ................. 174
bathtubs and showers.................. 255, 266 Graywater Hot water heater ..............................169-173
solar ....................................................... 231
O

floor drains.....................................258-259 estimating discharge .....................149-150

future, provision for ............................... 25 recycling .........................................147-155 Hot water pipe, installation ................... 184
lavatories ................................. 60, 255, 269 restrictions ............................................ 149 Hot water systems ...........................169-175
maximum water use ............................ 148 Grease interceptor ...............................71-76 solar ....................................................... 223
prohibited ............................................... 21 flow control fitting .................................. 72 Hotel kitchen, grease interceptor ........... 71
sinks........................ 255-256, 266-267, 269 inside installation ..............................71-73 Hubless joints ......................................... 110
suds producing ....................................... 27 inside, illustrated.................................... 72 Hydropneumatic tank .....................197-198
urinals ............................................254-255 inside, locating ....................................... 72
water closets ........................... 253, 268-272 inside, sizing ........................................... 72 Ice box....................................................... 89
Flap check valve ..................................... 122 liquid capacity ........................................ 74 Ice machines ............................................. 15
Flare joint ................................................ 188 manholes ...........................................74-75 Impervious areas, storm
Flashing, vent pipes ................................. 47 materials ................................................. 74 drain sizing............................................... 96
Floor drain ................................................ 91 outside, design ..................................74-75 Inadequate venting .............................37-39
bucket, oil interceptor ........................... 81 outside installation ...........................73-76 Increaser.................................................. 114
distance to building drain ..................... 59 outside, locating ..................................... 75 Independent trailers .............................. 141
traps ......................................................... 56 requirements .....................................74-75 Indirect special waste,
Floor flange ............................................. 257 retention capacity ............................ 73, 74 abovefloor .............................................. 120
Floor sink .................................................. 91 typical installations ................................ 73 Indirect waste pipe
Flow control fitting, grease water cooled ........................................... 72 air break .................................................. 90
interceptor................................................ 72 with combination air gap...................................................... 90
Flow rate waste and vent ....................................... 77 clothes washing machines .................... 78
fixture .................................................... 165 Grease, clogging drains............................ 63 installation ............................................ 120
Food waste disposer, Greasy combination waste length ...................................................... 89
traps required .......................................... 55 and vent system ..................................77-78 material ................................................. 109

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378 Plumber’s Handbook

sizing ....................................................... 89 Joints ...............................................110-114 drainage system.................................22-25

Indirect waste receptors prohibited in DWV systems................. 114 suds pressure zones ............................... 27
capacity ................................................... 89 vent stacks............................................... 39
restrictions .............................................. 92 Municipal sewer, definition .................... 14
Indirect waste, swimming pool ............... 94
Laundry facilities, trailer park .............. 142
lint interceptor...................................78-79
Individual vent, definition ....................... 35 Laundry fixtures, water use National Bureau of Standards ............... 33
Inside rain leader, indirect waste estimates ................................................ 151 National Sanitation
connection ............................................. 123 Laundry interceptors ..........................78-81 Foundation............................................. 104
Installation Laundry sinks ......................................... 256 Negative pressure, inadequate
building sewer ...................................... 114 traps required ......................................... 55 venting ...................................................... 37
DWV systems .................................114-116 Lavatories Neoprene gasket ..................................... 110
fixture traps ............................................. 54 fixture units ............................................. 15 Neutralizing tanks .................................... 84

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fixtures............................................254-272 unvented ................................................. 59 No-hub joint ........................................... 110
floor drain ............................................... 57 water use estimates .............................. 151
food waste disposer................................ 56 Lead and oakum joint .....................110-112 O-ring .................................................... 112

ie
indirect waste pipe ............................... 120 Lead pipe Offsets
inside grease interceptor ....................... 73 aboveground drains ............................. 109 drainage piping .................................25-26
drains within a building ...................... 108 water distribution pipe ........................ 187
septic tanks ....................................131-132
support ...........................................118-119 Oil interceptor .....................................80-82
trailer park DWV ...........................143-144

ev
vent ........................................................ 108 Oil spill holding tank ................................ 83
water distribution pipe .................182-185
Leaks, water waste ...........................148-149 Oil storage tank......................................... 82
water service ..................................181-183 Lint interceptor ....................................78-80
water system ..................................179-189 One-piece trap .......................................... 60
construction............................................ 80 Orthopedic sink ........................................ 83
wells ................................................194-197 detail ........................................................ 79 Overflow drain .......................................... 89
Interceptor tank ........................................ 83 sizing ..................................................79-80 Overflow line, gravity ............................... 81
Interceptors..........................................71-84
Pr
vent .......................................................... 80 Overflow pan....................................... 89, 92
discharge pipe ........................................ 81 Liquid capacity, oil interceptor ............... 81
inlet drain pipe ....................................... 81 Liquid, volatile, interceptors for.............. 81
location ................................................... 81 Looped water circulation P-trap, cleanout....................................... 66
venting..................................................... 81 system ..................................................... 174 PB pipe
Intermittent flow devices ......................... 17 Lubricant seal ......................................... 111 cutting ................................................... 189
water supply ......................................... 179
e
International Association of
PE pipe
Plumbing and Mechanical Main, definition ...................................... 14 cutting ................................................... 189
Officials (IAPMO) ..................... 5, 104, 223 Main vent, definition................................ 35
supports ................................................ 185
in

standards, plumbing Major fixtures............................................ 59

water pipe in a building ................179-181
materials ............................................... 180 Manholes
water supply ......................................... 179
International Plumbing Code building sewer ........................................ 68
Peak draw period, hot
building drains ....................................... 17 grease interceptor .............................74-75
water ................................................170-171
nl

cleanout locations .............................63-66 septic tank ............................................. 128

Manufacturers Standardization Percolation test ....................................... 134
clothes washer standpipe ...................... 91 PEX pipe
Society of the Valve and Fittings
combination waste supports ................................................ 185
Industry ................................................. 104
and vent............................................ 44, 78 Pipe
O

Material, drainage system ..................... 103

fixture trap sizes ..................................... 58 Material standards, drainage boot........................................................ 109
fixture units ............................................. 15 systems ................................................... 106 compound ............................................ 187
graywater recycling .............................. 149 cutter ..............................................186-188
Materials, plumbing,
horizontal fixture branch....................... 17 dope....................................................... 187
standards .........................................109-110 reamer ............................................186-189
intermittent flow .................................... 17 Measuring offsets ................................... 187 terminations ..................................248-249
manhole locations.................................. 68 Meat processing plant, threaders ........................................186-187
material standards ............................... 105 grease interceptor.................................... 71 wrench................................................... 186
septic tank sizing .................................. 130 Meteoric water ........................................ 193 Piping
sewers ...................................................... 17 Minerals in water.................................... 193 gas .......................................................... 238
special fixtures ........................................ 16 Minor fixtures ........................................... 59 swimming pool ..............................217-218
standpipe length .................................... 56 Mobile home parks .........................141-145 Plan submittal requirements................. 201
storm water drainage ............................. 96 DWV system...................................142-145 Planter drain ............................................. 95
vent pipes, sizing .................................... 39 toilet facilities ....................................... 142 sand interceptor ..................................... 82
water distributing system .............144-145 Plaster work sink ...................................... 83
vent pipes, terminal ..........................47-48
Motor vehicle washing Plastic cement......................................... 189
Inverted upfeed water
facilities, interceptors .............................. 81 Plastic couplings ..................................... 111
circulation .............................................. 174 Multi-purpose
Irrigation Plastic pipe
fire sprinklers ........................................ 204 advantages ............................................ 181
graywater .......................................149-155 system sizing......................................... 204 building sewer ...................................... 105
restrictions ............................................ 148 Multicompartment sinks, traps cleaning joints ...................................... 189
Island sink, venting .................................. 41 required .................................................... 55 cutting ................................................... 188
Isometric drawings Multistory building DWV ...................................................... 117
illustrations ....................................8-13, 16 combination waste and vent ................. 44 fittings.................................................... 189

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Index 379

gas ...................................................243-244 Rain gutters .............................................. 94 Service building ...................................... 142

joining ........................................... 111, 189 Rain leader Sewage ejectors ...................................28-29
reaming ................................................. 189 air conditioning condensate ................. 93 Sewage flow rates ................................... 136
testing .................................................... 189 cleanout .............................................66-67 Sewer
water pipe in a building ................179-181 building ................................................... 14
indirect waste connection ................... 123
water supply ......................................... 179 municipal ................................................ 14
sill drain connection .............................. 95
Plastic threaded joints ........................... 114 private ..................................................... 14
Rainfall rates, geographical ..................... 99
Plastic tubing drainfields ....................... 134 Rainwater public ...................................................... 14
Play area, sand interceptor ...................... 82 disposal ................................................... 94 sanitary .................................................... 14
Plumbing abbreviations ...................... 9, 12 drains..................................................... 109 Sewer lateral, trailer park....................... 143
Plumbing and Drainage leader..................................................... 109 Sewer line, sizing,
Institute .................................................. 104 Reaming pipe ...................................186-187 in additions .............................................. 22

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Plumbing fixtures ............................254-272 Receiving tanks, sewage .......................... 28 Shallow wells .......................................... 194
business requirements .................262-265 Receptors .................................................. 91 Shower, wet vented .................................. 37
for persons with disabilities .........260-261 Recirculation systems Showerheads, water use limits .............. 148
installation .....................................253-259 spa ......................................................... 219 Showers

ie
overflows ............................................... 256 swimming pool ............................. 213, 216 fixture units ............................................. 15
required clearances ......................259-260 Recreational vehicles ............................. 141 installation .....................................255-256
residential requirements ..............261-262 Recycling, graywater .......................147-155 water use estimates .............................. 151
rough-in measurements ...............265-270 Reducer ................................................... 114 Shutoff valve, gas .................................... 246

ev
venting................................................... 272 Reducing closet bend ............................. 115 Side inlet.................................................... 21
Plumbing material Reducing fitting ...................................... 114 Side vent, definition ................................. 36
Refrigerator ............................................... 89 Sill cock ................................................... 184
locations ................................................ 181
Relief valve drip lines ............................. 172 Sill drain .................................................... 95
standards ................................ 109-110, 180
Relief valves Sinks
Plumbing organizations......................... 104
Plumbing systems, definitions ................ 14
Pr
pressure................................................. 171 fixture units ............................................. 15
temperature ...................................171-172 installation .....................255, 266-267, 269
Polyethylene pipe, footing traps required ......................................... 55
drain ....................................................... 108 Relief vent
definition................................................. 35 Siphonage, trap seals ..........................59-60
Popoff lines, water heater ...................... 172 Skimmers ........................................ 217, 219
Positive pressure, inadequate fixture drain .......................................58-59
island sink ............................................... 42 Slaughterhouse, interceptor ...............82-83
venting ...................................................... 37 Sleeve
multistory buildings ............................... 25
e
Potable water supply, through concrete ...........................116-117
water supply system ............................... 89
protecting ................................................. 89 water distribution pipe ........................ 184
Repair garage, interceptors ..................... 80
Potable water systems, Reservoir-type drainfield ................132-133 Sleeve coupling....................................... 111
in

material standards..........................180-181 Residential fire protection systems ....... 202 Slip joints......................................... 112, 113
Poured-in-place interceptor.................... 81 Restaurant, grease interceptor ................ 71 Soakage pit .............................................. 109
Precast interceptor ................................... 81 Restroom facilities ...........................262-265 Soft drink dispensers................................ 15
Pressure, angle of ........................... 117, 132 Roof deck................................................... 94 Soil, absorption capacity ............... 135, 152
nl

Pressure loss ........................................... 161 Roof stack terminal, as cleanout ............. 66 Soil stack.................................................... 21
Pressure regulator .................................. 184 Rubber gasket ......................................... 110 definition................................................. 14
Pressure relief valve ............................... 171 Rubber ring ............................................. 111 Solar energy systems .......................223-233
Running trap ........................................... 150 heat collectors ...............................224-227
Pressure tanks ..................................197-199
O

Private sewer, definition .......................... 14 installation .....................................229-231

Private swimming pools .......................... 94 S traps ....................................................... 54 storage tanks ......................................... 231
Public restroom facilities ................262-265 Sand, absorption capacity ............. 135, 152 troubleshooting guide ..................232-233
Public sewer, definition ........................... 14 Sand interceptor ..................................81-82 water circulation ...........................227-228
Public sewer lateral, cleanout ................. 63 Sanitary drainage and waste Soldering copper pipe ............................ 188
Public swimming pool, system, material..................................... 107 Soldering flux .......................................... 187
sand interceptor ...................................... 82 Sanitary sewer, definition ........................ 14 Solvent-cemented joints ........................ 111
Sanitary tee ............................................. 115 Spa ............................................. 213, 218-219
Public water supply
Scald-protection devices ....................... 169 heater .................................................... 219
system ..............................................159-167
Screwed pipe, support ............. 118-119, 185 recirculation system............................. 219
Pump controllers .................................... 207
Sealing sleeve .......................................... 110 safety equipment .................................. 219
Pump, well .............................................. 195
Self-service laundry, lint Special fixtures
Pumping, drainage ................................... 28 interceptor................................................ 80 fixture units ............................................. 16
Pumps........................................................ 17 Separation required, horizontal indirect waste piping ............................. 89
spa ......................................................... 219 branch drains ........................................... 26 waste pipe size ...................................... 121
PVC pipe Septic Tank Association ......................... 127 Special joints, DWV
aboveground drains ............................. 109 Septic tanks ......................................127-132 systems ............................................113-114
building sewers .................................... 114 capacity ................................... 127, 130-132 Special traps .........................................71-84
drains within a building ...................... 108 commercial ............................. 128, 130-132 Special waste, indirect
sewer ..................................................... 108 compartments ...................................... 128 waste pipe .............................................. 120
support ...........................................118-119 construction...................................128-129 Special wastes ......................................92-94
vent ........................................................ 108 installing ........................................131-132 Sprinkler head types .......................202-204
water supply ......................................... 179 sizing ..................................................... 130 Sprinkler systems ..................................... 92
PVC threaded joints ............................... 111 swimming pool waste ............................ 94 Stack, soil................................................... 14

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380 Plumber’s Handbook

Stack vent, definition ............................... 36 expansion .......................................... 89, 92 drainfield sizing .............................134-137
Stack venting, definition .......................... 36 holding, graywater ........................149-152 fixture trap sizes ..................................... 57
Stacked wet vented system ...................... 36 hydropneumatic ............................197-198 fixture unit loading................................. 18
Stacks, base support ............................... 116 interceptor .........................................83-84 fixture units ............................................. 15
Stairwell neutralizing ............................................. 84 frost prevention ...................................... 38
area drain ...........................................94-95 oil spill holding ....................................... 83 graywater recycling .......................149-155
sand interceptor ..................................... 82 pressure..........................................197-199 grease interceptor sizing ................. 74, 76
Stand-alone fire sprinklers .............205-206 sewage, receiving ................................... 28 intermittent flow .................................... 17
Standard, plumbing soldering ............................................... 188 manhole locations.................................. 68
materials ................................. 109-110, 180 waste oil .................................................. 82 material standards ............................... 105
Steam table ............................................... 89 water, gravity .................................. 90, 162 rainfall drainage ..................................... 98
Steel pipe well .................................................195-196 septic tank sizing .................................. 130

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cutting ................................................... 186 Tankless water heaters........................... 171 special fixtures ........................................ 16
gas .......................................................... 243 Tapered couplings...........................111-112 storm water drainage ............................. 96
Sterilizer .............................................. 89, 92 Tee, well .................................................. 195 suds pressure zones ............................... 28
Still ....................................................... 89, 92 Temperature-limiting trailer park DWV ...........................142-143

ie
Stoppages .................................................. 63 devices .................................................... 169 trailer park toilet facilities.................... 142
Storage garage, interceptors .................... 80 Temperature relief valves ...............171-172 vent pipe length...................................... 40
Storage tank, waste oil ............................. 82 Temperature sensor ............................... 172 vent pipe terminal .............................47-48
Storm drain piping, material ................. 109 Terminals, vent ......................................... 47 venting island sink ................................. 41

ev
Storm drainage system, Test tee .................................................63-64 Urinals
material .......................................... 107, 109 Testing residential systems.............207-208 installation .................................... 254, 268
Storm sewer .............................................. 94 TFE seal ................................................... 113 water use limits .................................... 148
Storm water drainage Thread-cutting oil .................................. 186
system ..................................................94-97 Thread standards ............................185-186 Vapor vent, interceptors......................... 82
sizing ....................................................... 96
Pr
Thread tape ............................................. 111 Vent header, definition ............................ 36
Strainer Threaded joints ...................................... 113 Vent pipe
deck drain ............................................... 94 Threaded pipe cross-sectional area ............................... 48
roof drain ................................................ 94 fittings.................................................... 108 height required ....................................... 41
Subsoil drain ............................................. 95 thread standards ...........................185-186 horizontal.......................................119-120
material ................................................. 108 Threaders, pipe................................186-187 material ................................................. 108
Suction lines, well................................... 195 Tile, drainfield .................................132-133
e
maximum horizontal length ................. 40
Suds pressure Toilet facilities Vent stack
relief vents............................................... 28 dependent trailer parks ....................... 142 definition................................................. 36
zones ..................................................26-28 independent trailer parks .................... 142
in

dual role .................................................. 41

Suds producing fixtures ........................... 27 Toilet installation ..................... 253, 268-272 multistory building ................................ 39
Sump Transaction joint .................................... 108 related to drain size................................ 40
air conditioning condensate ................. 93 Transformer vault room, Vent system
discharge line ......................................... 28 drainage.................................................... 83
nl

definition................................................. 34
ejectors .................................................... 17 Transition fittings ................................... 111 designing ............................................34-50
vents ...................................................43-44 Trap, indirect waste pipe ....................... 122 history...................................................... 33
Sumps ........................................................ 92 Trap seal, broken .................................59-60 sizing ..................................................38-42
clear water waste .................................... 29 Trap slip joints ........................................ 112
O

trailer park .....................................142-144

drainage systems .................................... 28 Travel trailer parks ..........................141-145 Vent terminals .......................................... 47
public use ...........................................28-29 DWV system...................................142-145 cold climate ............................................ 39
Supermarket, grease toilet facilities ....................................... 142 Venting
interceptor................................................ 71 water distributing gas appliances ...................................... 247
Supports system............................................144-145 gas water heater ............................169-170
DWV pipe .......................................116-119 Trenches inadequate .........................................37-39
water distribution pipe .................184-185 drainage pipe ........................................ 103 Vents
water service pipe ................................ 182 drainfield............................................... 132 branch ..................................................... 15
Sweat joint............................................... 187 DWV system.......................................... 115 definitions ..........................................33-37
Sweep bend ............................................. 115 water and sewer pipe ....................181-182 drain and waste systems...................... 107
Swimming pool water service supply pipe .............182-183 drainage system.................................... 103
drain ...................................................... 218 Two-piece tubular trap ............................ 60 graywater holding tank ........................ 151
equipment .....................................216-217 Two-way cleanout .................................... 64 high temperature waste tank ................ 93
filter ................................................216-217 indirect waste pipe ............................... 122
heater .................................................... 218 U.S. Department of island sink ............................................... 41
piping .............................................217-218 Commerce.......................................... 33, 57 lint interceptor........................................ 79
recirculation systems ................... 213, 216 Underwriters running trap.......................................... 151
waste water ........................................93-94 Laboratories, Inc. ............................ 82, 104 vapor, interceptors ................................. 82
water supply ......................................... 213 Uniform Plumbing Code waste oil storage ..................................... 82
cleanout locations .................................. 64 Vertical drainage stack
Tanks clothes washer standpipe ...................... 91 horizontal offset ..................................... 26
boiler blow-off ........................................ 93 combination waste and vent ........... 44, 78 sizing, with offset .................................... 26
diaphragm .....................................198-199 drain and vent piping ............................ 18 Vertical offset, drainage pipes ................. 25

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Index 381

Vertical pipe supports .....................118-120 installation .....................................182-185 Water supply

Vertical rainwater piping ......................... 96 offsets .................................................... 187 swimming pool ..................................... 213
Vertical stacks protection from freezing ...............184-185 Water supply system .......................159-167
cleanout .................................................. 65 reaming ..........................................186-187 sizing ..............................................160-161
sizing ....................................................... 24 supports .........................................184-185 Water system
Vertical vent pipe, length ......................... 40 testing .............................................187-189 installation .....................................179-189
Vertical water pipe, supports ................ 185 under a slab .......................................... 184 materials ........................................179-181
Vitrified clay pipe Water flow rate.................................160-161 solar ................................................223-233
building sewer ...................................... 105 Water gravity tank .................................... 90 Water table .......................................193-194
footing drain ......................................... 108 Water hammer .................................184-185 Water tank with overflow pipe ................ 90
Vitrified clay sewer pipe joint ................ 112 Water heater ....................................169-173 Water, well .............................................. 193
Volatile liquids, interceptors for ........80-81 cold water supply ................................. 172 Welded lead joints .................................. 113

w
drain cock ............................................. 172 Well casings .....................................194-195
drain pan........................................172-173 Well drillers ............................................. 194
Waste and overflow ................................ 93 energy conservation ............................. 173 Well points .............................................. 195
Waste oil storage....................................... 82
energy shut-off ..................................... 173 Wells, water ......................................193-199

ie
Waste pipe, definition .............................. 14 heat traps .............................................. 173 depth ..................................................... 194
Waste piping, indirect .............................. 89 heating capacity ................................... 170 drilled .................................................... 195
Waste stack ............................................... 21 heating control ..................................... 173 driven .............................................194-195
illustrated ................................................ 19 insulation .............................................. 173 dug ..................................................194-195

ev
sizing ..................................................19-20 pressure relief valve ............................. 171 location ................................................. 195
Waste water relief valve drip line ............................. 172 pump ..............................................195-196
air conditioning ...................................... 93 safety devices .................................171-173 tank .................................................195-196
clear ......................................................... 92 shut-off valve ........................................ 172 Wet vent
high temperature ................................... 93 solar storage tank ................................. 231 horizontal................................................ 42
swimming pool ..................................93-94
Water circulating system, hot ................ 174
Pr
tank capacity ..................................170-171 restrictions .............................................. 42
temperature relief valve................171-172 sizing, in additions ................................. 22
Water closets ventilation ......................................169-170 Wet venting, illustrated ............................ 37
cleanout .................................................. 66 Water lift .............................................. 89, 92 Wheel cutter ............................................ 186
fixture units ............................................. 15 Water main ............................................. 159 Wind effect, trap seals .............................. 59
for an addition ........................................ 22 Water outlet ............................................ 160 Wiped joints .....................................112-113
installation ..................... 253-254, 268-272 Water pressure.......................... 160-167, 184 Wrench, pipe........................................... 186
e
inventor ................................................... 33 Water pressure regulator ....................... 184 Wrought iron pipe
pressure requirement .......................... 165 Water Quality Association ............. 104, 193 aboveground drains ............................. 109
venting..................................................... 40 Water seal, fixture traps ........................... 54 advantages ............................................ 182
in

water use limits .................................... 148 Water service pipe .................................. 160 drains within a building ...................... 108
Water conservation sizing ..............................................161-167 gas .......................................................... 243
graywater recycling .......................147-155 well, from .............................................. 195 vent ........................................................ 108
irrigation, limits .................................... 148 Water service supply pipe water pipe in a building ................179-181
nl

maximum use, fixtures ........................ 148 clearance under foundation................ 183 water supply ......................................... 179
Water control valve ................................ 183 electrical isolation ................................ 183 Wye bend ................................................ 115
Water-cooled grease installation .....................................181-183
interceptor...........................................72-73 materials ............................................... 179
Yoke vent, definition ............................... 36
O

Water distribution pipe.......................... 160 separations required .....................181-182

backfill ............................................183-184 trench depth ..................................182-183
cutting ............................................186-187 Water softener .................................193-194 Zones
electrical isolation .........................184-185 Water station............................................. 89 graywater system .................................. 151

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Manhours, labor and material costs for all common

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Basic Plumbing with Illustrations, Revised eBook
plumbing and HVAC work in residential, commercial,
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Uniform Plumbing Code Quick-Card Building Code Compliance for Contractors & Inspectors
This 6-page, laminated, fold-out guide provides the basic numbers, An answer book for both contractors and building
flow rates and formulas the plumber needs based on the 2021 Uniform inspectors, this manual explains what it takes to pass
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Pipe & Excavation Contracting Revised
tors reject residential work — footings, foundations,
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Renovating & Restyling Older Homes
wipe out your profits on any job. 328 pages, 8½ x 11, $55.00
Also available as an eBook (PDF), $27.50 at www.craftsman-book.com Any builder can turn a run-down old house into a show-

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Plumber's Exam Preparation Guide eBook funds to spend. Unfortunately, most customers are on
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Paper Contracting: The How-To of Construction
384 pages, 8½ x 11, $52.50
Management Contracting
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Risk, and the headaches that go with it, have always
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Uniform Mechanical Code Tables/Equations Quick Card Uniform Mechanical Code Quick-Card
This 4-page, laminated guide provides the basic numbers, flow rates and This 6-page guide provides the basic numbers, flow rates and formulas
formulas the plumber needs based from 2018 Uniform Mechanical Code the plumber needs based from 2018 Uniform Mechanical Code (UMC) and
(UMC) and 2018 International Mechanical Code (IMC). 2018 International Mechanical Code (IMC). 6 pages, 8½ x 11, $7.95
4 pages, 8½ x 11, $7.95
Markup & Profit: A Contractor’s Guide, Revisited
Roofing Construction & Estimating, Revised In order to succeed in a construction business, you have
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those difficult points on a roof that are prone to leaks, such as valleys and The principles outlined here apply to all construction-related businesses.
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follow examples and sample estimates for you to test your skill. Use these your business successfully. Includes a link to free downloads of blank forms
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job you take. 448 pages, 8½ x 11, $62.50 Also available as an eBook (ePub, mobi for Kindle), $39.95 at

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eBook (PDF) also available, $31.25 at www.craftsman-book.com www.craftsman-book.com

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❍ 32.50 Building Code Compliance for Contractors & ❍ 55.00 Pipe & Excavation Contracting Revised
Inspectors
❍ 39.95 Planning Drain, Waste & Vent Systems
❍ 48.50 Construction Forms for Contractors with a
❍ 28.25 Plumbing & HVAC Manhour Estimates
CD-ROM for WindowsTM and Macintosh

❍ 52.50 Home Building Mistakes & Fixes ❍ 24.75 Profits in Buying and Renovating Homes

❍ 28.50 How to Succeed With Your Own Construction ❍ 33.50 Renovating & Restyling Older Homes
Business ❍ 62.50 Roofing Construction & Estimating, Revised
❍ 69.00 Insurance Restoration Contracting: Startup to Success
❍ 7.95 Uniform Mechanical Code Quick Card
❍ 52.50 Markup & Profit: A Contractor's Guide, Revisited
❍ 7.95 Uniform Mechanical Tables/Equations
❍ 97.50 National Construction Estimator
Quick Card
❍ 98.25 National Plumbing & HVAC Estimator
❍ 9.95 Uniform Plumbing Code Quick Card
❍ 55.50 Paper Contracting:
The How-To of Construction Management Contracting ❍ 67.00 Plumber's Handbook Revised, 6th Edition

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